概述
Stream 是 Java8 中处理集合的关键抽象概念,它可以指定你希望对集合进行的操作,可以执行非常复杂的查找、过滤和映射数据等操作。
使用 Stream API 对集合数据进行操作,就类似于使用 SQL 执行的数据库查询。也可以使用 Stream API 来并行执行操作。
简而言之,Stream API 提供了一种高效且易于使用的处理数据的方式。
特点如下:
分类
具体用法
| 流的常用创建方法
使用 Collection 下的 stream() 和 parallelStream() 方法:
List list = new ArrayList<>();
Stream stream = list.stream(); //获取一个顺序流
Stream parallelStream = list.parallelStream(); //获取一个并行流
使用 Arrays 中的 stream() 方法,将数组转成流:
Integer[] nums = new Integer[10];
Stream stream = Arrays.stream(nums);
使用Stream中的静态方法:of()、iterate()、generate()
Stream stream = Stream.of(1,2,3,4,5,6);
Stream stream2 = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 2).limit(6);
stream2.forEach(System.out::println); // 0 2 4 6 8 10
Stream stream3 = Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(2);
stream3.forEach(System.out::println);
使用 BufferedReader.lines() 方法,将每行内容转成流:
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("F:\\test_stream.txt"));
Stream lineStream = reader.lines();
lineStream.forEach(System.out::println);
使用 Pattern.splitAsStream() 方法,将字符串分隔成流:
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(",");
Stream stringStream = pattern.splitAsStream("a,b,c,d");
stringStream.forEach(System.out::println);
| 流的中间操作
筛选与切片:
Stream stream = Stream.of(6, 4, 6, 7, 3, 9, 8, 10, 12, 14, 14);
Stream newStream = stream.filter(s -> s > 5) //6 6 7 9 8 10 12 14 14
.distinct() //6 7 9 8 10 12 14
.skip(2) //9 8 10 12 14
.limit(2); //9 8
newStream.forEach(System.out::println);
映射:
List list = Arrays.asList("a,b,c", "1,2,3");
//将每个元素转成一个新的且不带逗号的元素
Stream s1 = list.stream().map(s -> s.replaceAll(",", ""));
s1.forEach(System.out::println); // abc 123
Stream s3 = list.stream().flatMap(s -> {
//将每个元素转换成一个stream
String[] split = s.split(",");
Stream s2 = Arrays.stream(split);
return s2;
});
s3.forEach(System.out::println); // a b c 1 2 3
排序:
List list = Arrays.asList("aa", "ff", "dd");
//String 类自身已实现Compareable接口
list.stream().sorted().forEach(System.out::println);// aa dd ff
Student s1 = new Student("aa", 10);
Student s2 = new Student("bb", 20);
Student s3 = new Student("aa", 30);
Student s4 = new Student("dd", 40);
List studentList = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3, s4);
//自定义排序:先按姓名升序,姓名相同则按年龄升序
studentList.stream().sorted(
(o1, o2) -> {
if (o1.getName().equals(o2.getName())) {
return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
} else {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
}
).forEach(System.out::println);
消费:
Student s1 = new Student("aa", 10);
Student s2 = new Student("bb", 20);
List studentList = Arrays.asList(s1, s2);
studentList.stream()
.peek(o -> o.setAge(100))
.forEach(System.out::println);
//结果:
Student{name='aa', age=100}
Student{name='bb', age=100}
| 流的终止操作
匹配、聚合操作:
List list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
boolean allMatch = list.stream().allMatch(e -> e > 10); //false
boolean noneMatch = list.stream().noneMatch(e -> e > 10); //true
boolean anyMatch = list.stream().anyMatch(e -> e > 4); //true
Integer findFirst = list.stream().findFirst().get(); //1
Integer findAny = list.stream().findAny().get(); //1
long count = list.stream().count(); //5
Integer max = list.stream().max(Integer::compareTo).get(); //5
Integer min = list.stream().min(Integer::compareTo).get(); //1
规约操作:
①Optional
第二次执行时,第一个参数为第一次函数执行的结果,第二个参数为流中的第三个元素;依次类推。
②T reduce(T identity, BinaryOperator
③ U reduce(U identity,BiFunction accumulator,BinaryOperator combiner):在串行流(stream)中,该方法跟第二个方法一样,即第三个参数 combiner 不会起作用。
在并行流(parallelStream)中,我们知道流被 fork join 出多个线程进行执行,此时每个线程的执行流程就跟第二个方法 reduce(identity,accumulator)一样。
而第三个参数 combiner 函数,则是将每个线程的执行结果当成一个新的流,然后使用第一个方法 reduce(accumulator)流程进行规约。
//经过测试,当元素个数小于24时,并行时线程数等于元素个数,当大于等于24时,并行时线程数为16
List list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24);
Integer v = list.stream().reduce((x1, x2) -> x1 + x2).get();
System.out.println(v); // 300
Integer v1 = list.stream().reduce(10, (x1, x2) -> x1 + x2);
System.out.println(v1); //310
Integer v2 = list.stream().reduce(0,
(x1, x2) -> {
System.out.println("stream accumulator: x1:" + x1 + " x2:" + x2);
return x1 - x2;
},
(x1, x2) -> {
System.out.println("stream combiner: x1:" + x1 + " x2:" + x2);
return x1 * x2;
});
System.out.println(v2); // -300
Integer v3 = list.parallelStream().reduce(0,
(x1, x2) -> {
System.out.println("parallelStream accumulator: x1:" + x1 + " x2:" + x2);
return x1 - x2;
},
(x1, x2) -> {
System.out.println("parallelStream combiner: x1:" + x1 + " x2:" + x2);
return x1 * x2;
});
System.out.println(v3); //197474048
收集操作:
Collector
有以下三个特征:
Collector 工具库:Collectors
Student s1 = new Student("aa", 10,1);
Student s2 = new Student("bb", 20,2);
Student s3 = new Student("cc", 10,3);
List list = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3);
//装成list
List ageList = list.stream().map(Student::getAge).collect(Collectors.toList()); // [10, 20, 10]
//转成set
Set ageSet = list.stream().map(Student::getAge).collect(Collectors.toSet()); // [20, 10]
//转成map,注:key不能相同,否则报错
Map studentMap = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getName, Student::getAge)); // {cc=10, bb=20, aa=10}
//字符串分隔符连接
String joinName = list.stream().map(Student::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")); // (aa,bb,cc)
//聚合操作
//1.学生总数
Long count = list.stream().collect(Collectors.counting()); // 3
//2.最大年龄 (最小的minBy同理)
Integer maxAge = list.stream().map(Student::getAge).collect(Collectors.maxBy(Integer::compare)).get(); // 20
//3.所有人的年龄
Integer sumAge = list.stream().collect(Collectors.summingInt(Student::getAge)); // 40
//4.平均年龄
Double averageAge = list.stream().collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Student::getAge)); // 13.333333333333334
// 带上以上所有方法
DoubleSummaryStatistics statistics = list.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Student::getAge));
System.out.println("count:" + statistics.getCount() + ",max:" + statistics.getMax() + ",sum:" + statistics.getSum() + ",average:" + statistics.getAverage());
//分组
Map> ageMap = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Student::getAge));
//多重分组,先根据类型分再根据年龄分
Map>> typeAgeMap = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Student::getType, Collectors.groupingBy(Student::getAge)));
//分区
//分成两部分,一部分大于10岁,一部分小于等于10岁
Map> partMap = list.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(v -> v.getAge() > 10));
//规约
Integer allAge = list.stream().map(Student::getAge).collect(Collectors.reducing(Integer::sum)).get(); //40
Collectors.toList() 解析:
//toList 源码
public static Collector> toList() {
return new CollectorImpl<>((Supplier>) ArrayList::new, List::add,
(left, right) -> {
left.addAll(right);
return left;
}, CH_ID);
}
//为了更好地理解,我们转化一下源码中的lambda表达式
public Collector> toList() {
Supplier> supplier = () -> new ArrayList();
BiConsumer, T> accumulator = (list, t) -> list.add(t);
BinaryOperator> combiner = (list1, list2) -> {
list1.addAll(list2);
return list1;
};
Function, List> finisher = (list) -> list;
Set characteristics = Collections.unmodifiableSet(EnumSet.of(Collector.Characteristics.IDENTITY_FINISH));
return new Collector, List>() {
@Override
public Supplier supplier() {
return supplier;
}
@Override
public BiConsumer accumulator() {
return accumulator;
}
@Override
public BinaryOperator combiner() {
return combiner;
}
@Override
public Function finisher() {
return finisher;
}
@Override
public Set characteristics() {
return characteristics;
}
};
}