微型计算机基础概述,第一章 微型计算机基础

1.3.3 IBM PCPC/XT1.4 1.4.1 Intel 8086/8088*1.4.2 Intel 8087*1.4.3 Intel 80286*1.4.4 Intel 80386*1.4.5 Intel 80486*1.4.6 Pentium

1

CPU(Central Processing Unit)Microprocessor):CPURegistersPentium PC

1.1

1

1.19711973481971Intel 400444096, 451972Intel 80088800810m3500200KHz

1.1

1

1974197881974Intel 80806m60002MHz19754MITS8080CPUAltair 88001976Intel8Intel 80855MHz2461.1

1

3.19781985161978Intel 8086,3m29,0004.77 MHz16201MB1979Intel 8088,88086808888808816I/O880881619818IBM8088CPU16IBM 5150 Personal ComputerIMB PC1985IBM80286CPUIBM PC/ATISA1.1

1

4.1985321985Intel 80386,321.5m275,00016MHz803863232803864GB1990Intel 80486,1m12025MHz1.1

1

5.1993641993Pentium(80586,P5)0.8m31060MHz/66MHz1994Pentium MMX6.1995641995Pentium Pro80686P6Pentium IIPentium IIIPentium 4,0.6 m -0.18m550-750166MHz-3.06GHz23Prescott0.091800MHzHyper-Threading13 3.4GHz5GHz1.1

1

BHD8 10110011B179DB3H

1.2

1

:018D716D151.2

1

1 [-97]1001 1111 [-127]1000 00011 0111 1111=[+127] 1000 0000=[-128] 1.2

1

1.2

1

BCDBCDBCD(0111 0011)BCD=73D=0100 1001B 0111 0011B=115D=(0001 0001 0101) BCD

BCD40000~10010~90111 0011BCD4000040000~10010~90000 0011 1.2

1

1.2 BCD

1

ASCII ASCII ASCII7128 0~90110000~011100130114A~ZASCII100000141Ha~zASCII110000161H1.2

1

1.2 1.1 ASCII7

ASCII

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

0000

NUL

DLE

SP

0

@

P

`

p

0001

SOH

DC1

!

1

A

Q

a

q

0010

STX

DC2

"

2

B

R

b

r

0011

ETX

DC3

#

3

C

S

c

s

0100

EOT

DC4

$

4

D

T

d

t

0101

ENG

NAK

%

5

E

U

e

u

0110

ACK

SYN

&

6

F

V

f

v

0111

BEL

ETB

'

7

G

W

g

w

1000

BS

CAN

(

8

H

X

h

x

1001

HT

EM

)

9

I

Y

i

y

1010

LF

SUB

*

:

J

Z

j

z

1011

VT

ESC

+

;

K

[

k

{

1100

FF

FS

,

N

(

n

~

1111

SI

US

/

?

O

(

o

DEL

H3L4

H

L

1

bit01bbyte8B 8086/8088202201MB 1K=1024=2101M=1024K=220 1G=1024M=230 1T=1024G=240 1KB1K8bword),

1.2

1

48163280881680386SX32IBM PC/XT W216 DW432 QW864

1.2

1

1.5 1.3

1

CPUALU1.3

1

RAMROM

1.3

1

I/OA/D UI/O1.3

1

1.7 1.3

1

ABAddress Bus):32A31A02324GBCPU DBData BusCPUI/OCPUCPU Control BusCPUCPU

1.3

1

1.9 Intel 8086/80881.4

1

1.10 8086/80881.4

1

AXBXCXDXAHALBHBLCHCLDHDL16-8 AXAccumulator) BX CX(Count),- DXI/O port, H16SPBP SPStack Pointer R, BPBase PointerRSIDI SISource Index R DI Destination Index R1.4

1

CS SS DS ES IP FLAGS1.4

1

FLAGCF,PF,AF,ZF,SF,OFCFCF1CF0PF1PF1PF=0AF8l644 ZFZF1ZF0 SFMSB1SF=1SF= 0 OFOF= 1OF08/16 1.4

1

CFOF8128127163276832767OF1 82551665535CF1OF=0, OF=1, CF=0, CF=1,1.4 1.4

1

FLAGTF,IF,DFTF TF= 1CPU IF IF= lCPU IF= 0CPUIF DF DF= l DF0 1.4

1

1.12 80881.4 20A0~A198D0~D7 S3~S6)

1

80868088 32P---/RD IOM# 8086808829/WR/LOCK (AD7 AD RQGT0 / Vcc/VssGND

1.4

1

8088AD7~AD0(/, 8/A15~A8 8A19/S6A18/S5 A17/S4 A16/S3 (, / RD (, READY ( INTR (

1.4

1

8088TEST( NMI( RESET( CLK ( MN/MX /VCC GND

1.4

1

8086/8088808680862431MN/MXMN/MX+5V8086 8086/8088CPU

1.4

1

8086/80881.4 74LS373i8282/828374LS245i8286/8287

1

24312431:IO/M(I/OWR ( INTA ( ALE ( DT/R (DEN ( HOLD ( HLDA ( SS0 ( 1.4

1

8086/80881.4

1

2431S2S1S0( RQ/GT0RQ/GT1 ( /CPULOCK ( QS1QS0 ( 1.4

1

808680881.4

808880862839A8A15AD8AD15

28IO/MIO/M34SS0BHE/S7

1

8086/80881.4 89250H8915H0100H8915H0100H 8905H0200H

1

BCDASCII