查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥---catalina.bat
在上一次查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥一文中，我们总结出，startup.bat文件的作用就是找到catalina.bat文件，然后把参数传递给它，在startup.bat中，调用catalina.bat的命令call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%，其中"%EXECUTABLE%"这个就是catalina.bat文件，这个命令至少向catalina.bat传递一个参数--start.
接下来看一下catalina.bat中的内容，内容很长：
1 @echo off 2 rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 3 rem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 4 rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 5 rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 6 rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 7 rem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 8 rem 9 rem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 10 rem 11 rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 12 rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 13 rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 14 rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 15 rem limitations under the License. 16 17 if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal 18 rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server 20 rem 21 rem Environment Variable Prerequisites 22 rem 23 rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory. 24 rem 25 rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions 26 rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to 27 rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to. 28 rem 29 rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", 30 rem or "run" command is executed. 31 rem 32 rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory 33 rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to 34 rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp. 35 rem 36 rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation. 37 rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument. 38 rem 39 rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation. 40 rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. 41 rem 42 rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", 43 rem "stop", or "run" command is executed. 44 rem 45 rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories 46 rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs 47 rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C). 48 rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation. 49 rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed. 50 rem 51 rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start" 52 rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket". 53 rem 54 rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" 55 rem command is executed. The default is 8000. 56 rem 57 rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" 58 rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend 59 rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n". 60 rem 61 rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" 62 rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS, 63 rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda 64 rem options MUST be specified. The default is: 65 rem 66 rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%, 67 rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND% 68 rem 69 rem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file 70 rem Example (all one line) 71 rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" 72 rem 73 rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager 74 rem Example (all one line) 75 rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager" 76 rem 77 rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default 78 rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified. 79 rem Example (all one line) 80 rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%] 81 rem 82 rem 83 rem 84 rem $Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $ 85 rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86 87 rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C 88 if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry 89 if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry 90 if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry 91 echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" 92 if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry 93 echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" 94 call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" 95 rem Use provided errorlevel 96 set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL% 97 del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1 98 exit /B %RETVAL% 99 :mainEntry 100 del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1 101 102 rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined 103 set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%" 104 if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome 105 set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%" 106 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome 107 cd .. 108 set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%" 109 cd "%CURRENT_DIR%" 110 :gotHome 111 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome 112 echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly 113 echo This environment variable is needed to run this program 114 goto end 115 :okHome 116 117 rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup, 118 rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed. 119 set CLASSPATH= 120 121 rem Get standard environment variables 122 if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome 123 if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" 124 goto gotSetenvBase 125 :gotSetenvHome 126 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" 127 :gotSetenvBase 128 129 rem Get standard Java environment variables 130 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath 131 echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" 132 echo This file is needed to run this program 133 goto end 134 :okSetclasspath 135 set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%" 136 call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1 137 if errorlevel 1 goto end 138 139 rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH 140 rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random 141 rem quotes into the CLASSPATH 142 if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath 143 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;" 144 :emptyClasspath 145 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar" 146 147 if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase 148 set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%" 149 :gotBase 150 151 if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir 152 set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp" 153 :gotTmpdir 154 155 rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath 156 rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance 157 if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome 158 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" 159 goto juliClasspathDone 160 :juliClasspathHome 161 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" 162 :juliClasspathDone 163 164 if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig 165 set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop 166 if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig 167 set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" 168 :noJuliConfig 169 set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG% 170 171 if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager 172 set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager 173 :noJuliManager 174 set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER% 175 176 rem ----- Execute The Requested Command --------------------------------------- 177 178 echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%" 179 echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%" 180 echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" 181 if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk 182 echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%" 183 goto java_dir_displayed 184 :use_jdk 185 echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%" 186 :java_dir_displayed 187 echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%" 188 189 set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA% 190 set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap 191 set ACTION=start 192 set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE= 193 set DEBUG_OPTS= 194 set JPDA= 195 196 if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda 197 set JPDA=jpda 198 if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport 199 set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket 200 :gotJpdaTransport 201 if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress 202 set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000 203 :gotJpdaAddress 204 if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend 205 set JPDA_SUSPEND=n 206 :gotJpdaSuspend 207 if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts 208 set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND% 209 :gotJpdaOpts 210 shift 211 :noJpda 212 213 if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug 214 if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun 215 if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart 216 if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop 217 if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion 218 219 echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... ) 220 echo commands: 221 echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger 222 echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager 223 echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger 224 echo run Start Catalina in the current window 225 echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager 226 echo start Start Catalina in a separate window 227 echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager 228 echo stop Stop Catalina 229 echo version What version of tomcat are you running? 230 goto end 231 232 :doDebug 233 shift 234 set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB% 235 set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java" 236 if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd 237 shift 238 echo Using Security Manager 239 set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" 240 goto execCmd 241 242 :doRun 243 shift 244 if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd 245 shift 246 echo Using Security Manager 247 set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" 248 goto execCmd 249 250 :doStart 251 shift 252 if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle 253 if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat 254 set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA% 255 goto gotTitle 256 :noTitle 257 set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA% 258 :gotTitle 259 if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd 260 shift 261 echo Using Security Manager 262 set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" 263 goto execCmd 264 265 :doStop 266 shift 267 set ACTION=stop 268 set CATALINA_OPTS= 269 goto execCmd 270 271 :doVersion 272 %_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo 273 goto end 274 275 276 :execCmd 277 rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the 278 set CMD_LINE_ARGS= 279 :setArgs 280 if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs 281 set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 282 shift 283 goto setArgs 284 :doneSetArgs 285 286 rem Execute Java with the applicable properties 287 if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda 288 if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity 289 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% 290 goto end 291 :doSecurity 292 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% 293 goto end 294 :doJpda 295 if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda 296 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% 297 goto end 298 :doSecurityJpda 299 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% 300 goto end 301 302 :end
在第1行，和第17行中的内容已经在前一章中做出说明，在此处不再敖述，我对于18-85行的这段注释比较感兴趣：
1 rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server 3 rem 4 rem Environment Variable Prerequisites 5 rem 6 rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory. 7 rem 8 rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions 9 rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to 10 rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to. 11 rem 12 rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", 13 rem or "run" command is executed. 14 rem 15 rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory 16 rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to 17 rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp. 18 rem 19 rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation. 20 rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument. 21 rem 22 rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation. 23 rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. 24 rem 25 rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", 26 rem "stop", or "run" command is executed. 27 rem 28 rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories 29 rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs 30 rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C). 31 rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation. 32 rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed. 33 rem 34 rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start" 35 rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket". 36 rem 37 rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" 38 rem command is executed. The default is 8000. 39 rem 40 rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" 41 rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend 42 rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n". 43 rem 44 rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" 45 rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS, 46 rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda 47 rem options MUST be specified. The default is: 48 rem 49 rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%, 50 rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND% 51 rem 52 rem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file 53 rem Example (all one line) 54 rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" 55 rem 56 rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager 57 rem Example (all one line) 58 rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager" 59 rem 60 rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default 61 rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified. 62 rem Example (all one line) 63 rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%] 64 rem 65 rem 66 rem 67 rem $Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $ 68 rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
这段的内容就是说明一下在启动和停止CATALINA server时候需要的一下先决条件，CATALINA_HOME--看到这个大家可能会有点疑问，如果在操作系统上没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量的时候，那么这个变量应该是不存在的丫，是怎么回事呢？是不是？下面我们还是用测试来说明问题：我在F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin目录下创建一个test.bat文件，文件内容如下：
@echo off set CURRENT_DIR=%cd% test2.bat
意思很简单，只是将%cd%变量的值赋给CURRENT_DIR变量，然后调用test2.bat文件，test2.bat文件的内容如下：
echo %CURRENT_DIR%
只是简单的输出%CURRENT_DIR%变量，让我们先运行test.bat文件，查看%CURRENT_DIR%变量是否能够正确输出：
结果正确显示了，但是如果我们直接运行test2.bat文件会有什么结果呢？
结果显示不正常，这个测试就说明由test.bat调用test2.bat文件时候，test.bat中定义的变量在test2.bat中可见，就是CURRENT_DIR变量的生命周期范围并不是仅限于本文件，也能加深对于setlocal方法的理解。回到catalina.bat本身，也许我们本身没有设置CATALINA_HOME环境变量的习惯，但是回想一下上一节，在startup.bat中说到，如果没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量，startup.bat内会给CATALINA_HOME变量赋值，然后在catalina.bat中依然能够访问此变量。
这段注释说完之后，看一下88行：
if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
如果接收到的第一个参数是run那么到:mainEntry节点，事实是我们从startup.bat调用的时候传递的第一个参数无疑是start，所以应该顺序执行到第89行，这里可能有人会有疑问，那什么时候第一个参数才是run呢？事情是这样的，因为并不是所有人都是跟我们一样直接使用startup.bat文件启动，因为startup.bat文件也只不过就是找到catalina.bat文件，然后照样传递参数，其实有经验的人大可直接使用catalina.bat文件来启动tomcat。这就是第一个参数为run的产生情况。接下来我们顺序执行到第89行。
看一下89行的内容：
if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry
如果TEMP变量为空，那么到mainEntry节点，这个时候我们就需要看看我们到底有没有这个TEMP变量，同样弄个小测试，写一个小的测试test.bat文件，文件内容如下：
@echo off echo %TEMP%
查看执行结果：
记得在上一节中说过%TEMP%这个变量是从环境变量中读取的，所以也可以去环境变量中查看是不是有此值，来确定TEMP变量是不是存在，一问在startup.bat和catalina.bat并没有设置TEMP变量。查看环境变量：
因为TEMP存在，所以程序还需要顺序执行到90行，第90行的内容如下：
if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
这句话至少看起来有点蒙圈，尤其是\%~nx0.run这个东西，反正我第一次看见的时候我就想问问，这是毛啊，~nx0,下面看一下网上对于%~nx0的解释：
%~nx0 contains the name of the running batch file (without the path)
意思就是代表执行命令的文件的名字，我们来用实验证明一下，同样还是修改那个test.bat文件吧。;-)
@echo off echo "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
如果按照上面的解释，那么输出的信息应该是C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp\test.bat.run，下面看一下运行结果：
咦事实证明说法正确，但是这个文件是不是存在呢，我们去TEMP目录下看一下,遗憾的是在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录没有找到这个文件，所以还得顺序执行到第91行，91行的内容是：
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
这个看起来很简单，既然不存在这个文件，那么我就自己创建一个，同时写入Y。也许你不信，所以我还是拿出个例子吧，还是test.bat呦：
@echo off echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录下生成了test.bat.run文件，文件的内容果然为Y。至于生成的文件有何意义，以后再说。到现在位置我突然感慨，我很喜欢TOMCAT，它做了什么我都能知道，在接下来的一段时间内，我想把我看TOMCAT源代码的感受也下下来。也跟大家讨论一下TOMCAT的工作原理。有点远，扯回来，下面看一下92行的内容：
if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
这个一眼就看明白了，再次判断%~nx0.run文件是否存在，如果还是不存在，那么直接到mainEntry节点，由于我们此时此文件已经创建成功，那么顺序执行到第93行。
93行的内容为：
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
这个同91行命令，不再强调。顺序执行到92行。
92行的内容为：
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
看到之后感觉依然是蒙圈，这里面有两个点需要大家掌握：%~f0, %* 知道这两组符号是什么意思，就解决了。
%~f0:表示运行的文件的全路径，假如我在test.bat中如此写：
@echo off @echo %%~f0 is %~f0
那么执行结果为：
OK。
%*：在batch file中，每一个命令的参数都以%1，%2，%3 .....的形式展现，我们也可以使用%来代替所有的参数，下面看修改万能测试文件test.bat中的内容如下：
@echo off echo First argument: [%1] echo Second argument: [%2] echo Third argument: [%3] echo Fourth argument: [%4] echo Fifth argument: [%4] echo Entire command line: [%*]
查看运行结果：
意思就是将在catalina.bat文件中自己调用自己，传递参数Y，下面看一下测试，将test.bat中的内容改为：
@echo off call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
查看运行结果，在程序运行了一段时间以后，得出如下结论：
很奇怪，奇怪亮点，为什么运行的时候会有停顿，第二，为什么会产生这个结果。下面解决这两个困惑，我觉得程序在运行的时候肯定是在后台运行什么操作了，所以我将test.bat中的内容改了一下：
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
然后再次运行，得到结果：
原来程序在输出最终结果之前一直到在调用自己，所以会有一个停顿的感觉。
第二：为什么会产生这个结果：
下面看第96行的内容：
set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
在前面的的内容中可能给大家一种误解，所以在看到这句话的时候，不知道是不是也有人跟我似的直接去环境变量中找ERRORLEVEL的值，找不到之后觉得我在忽悠大家，下面我跟大家说说这个ERRORLEVEL。不知道大家是不是了解在Linux中的$?这个结果返回值，其实ERRORLEVEL和$?差不多，都是用来表示上次执行结果的，如果返回0说明执行正确，如果不是0说明执行失败。例如在test.bat中的内容：
call %ERRORLEVEL%
执行结果：
下面看97行的内容：
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
这里面有/Q， >NUL， 2>&1需要跟大家解释一下：
/Q: 跟在del后面表示不需要交互式的删除。安静模式的意思。如在test.bat中的内容如下：
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
然后运行结果为：
此时文件系统中的文件确实已经被删除，只是在删除的过程中没有显示删除的过程，下面我们重新创建此文件，然后把/Q标记去掉以后在尝试一次：
>NUL 就是将输出输出到NUL中，这样有错误的情况下你什么都拿不到。
2>&1:2是值错误输出，&1是标准输出，意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出中
>NUL 2>&1的意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出，最后在重定向到NUL中，这样出现错误，你从表面上不会看出来。如果将test.bat中的删除操作执行多次，
@echo off del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
看结果：
也不会显示异常，如果将>NUL 2>&1删除以后，再次执行：
@echo off del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
结果就会显示出异常：
下面看第98行的内容：
exit /B %RETVAL%
下面的mainEntry和gotHome节点的信息同前一节刚开始的内容一样，所有就不再说明，如果对此有什么疑问，请查看查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥一节。在接下来的部分中我想把115-137行的内容放在一起说明，因为他们分为两部分，分别引入setenv.bat和setclasspath.bat并执行，
:okHome rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup, rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed. set CLASSPATH= rem Get standard environment variables if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" goto gotSetenvBase :gotSetenvHome if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" :gotSetenvBase rem Get standard Java environment variables if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" echo This file is needed to run this program goto end :okSetclasspath set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1 if errorlevel 1 goto end
这部分的操作就是设置环境变量，由于在tomcat7.0.8版本中不存在setenv.bat所以就不说了，setclasspath.bat这个脚本很重要，浏览一下其中的内容：
@echo off rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more rem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with rem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at rem rem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 rem rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and rem limitations under the License. rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME if not already set, ensure any provided settings rem are valid and consistent with the selected start-up options and set up the rem endorsed directory. rem rem $Id: setclasspath.bat 964208 2010-07-14 21:24:45Z markt $ rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set if not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto gotJdkHome if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto gotJreHome echo Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined echo At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program goto exit :gotJreHome if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome if not ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto okJavaHome echo JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to run in debug mode. goto exit :gotJdkHome if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe" goto noJavaHome if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe" goto noJavaHome if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto okJavaHome set "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%" goto okJavaHome :noJavaHome echo The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly echo This environment variable is needed to run this program echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE goto exit :okJavaHome if not "%BASEDIR%" == "" goto gotBasedir echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined echo This environment variable is needed to run this program goto exit :gotBasedir if exist "%BASEDIR%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okBasedir echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined correctly echo This environment variable is needed to run this program goto exit :okBasedir rem Don't override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previously if not "%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto gotEndorseddir rem Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argument set "JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=%BASEDIR%\endorsed" :gotEndorseddir rem Set standard command for invoking Java. rem Note that NT requires a window name argument when using start. rem Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces. set _RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java" set _RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb" goto end :exit exit /b 1 :end exit /b 0
其中就是关于JAVA环境的一些校验和变量的设置，重要性不言而喻，所以如果执行本步操作失败的情况下，程序将退出执行。
接下来是设置CLASSPATH的内容，看过前面的说明以后，对于下面的内容应该很容易就能看懂：
rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random rem quotes into the CLASSPATH if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;" :emptyClasspath set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar" if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%" :gotBase if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp" :gotTmpdir rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathDone :juliClasspathHome set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" :juliClasspathDone
将tomcat-juli.jar和bootstrap.jar的全路径追加到CLASSPATH中，究竟这两个jar包是做什么的，不是本文的范畴，只说明这两个jar包需要在CLASSPATH中体现。
接下来是关于Log选项的问题：
if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" :noJuliConfig set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG% if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager :noJuliManager set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%
内容很简单，一看就明白，所以也不多说了。
在前面准备了这么久，接下来终于到执行的时候了。下面看一下这段脚本：
rem ----- Execute The Requested Command --------------------------------------- echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%" echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%" echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%" goto java_dir_displayed :use_jdk echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%" :java_dir_displayed echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%" set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA% set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap set ACTION=start set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE= set DEBUG_OPTS= set JPDA= if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda set JPDA=jpda if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket :gotJpdaTransport if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000 :gotJpdaAddress if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend set JPDA_SUSPEND=n :gotJpdaSuspend if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND% :gotJpdaOpts shift :noJpda if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... ) echo commands: echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger echo run Start Catalina in the current window echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager echo start Start Catalina in a separate window echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager echo stop Stop Catalina echo version What version of tomcat are you running? goto end :doDebug shift set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB% set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java" if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" goto execCmd :doRun shift if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" goto execCmd :doStart shift if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA% goto gotTitle :noTitle set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA% :gotTitle if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" goto execCmd :doStop shift set ACTION=stop set CATALINA_OPTS= goto execCmd :doVersion %_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo goto end :execCmd rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the set CMD_LINE_ARGS= :setArgs if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 shift goto setArgs :doneSetArgs rem Execute Java with the applicable properties if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :end
前三行的内容是将当前设置的变量进行输出，
echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%" echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%" echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
CATALINA_BASE，CATALINA_HOME，CATALINA_TMPDIR这三个变量在startup.bat或者catalina.bat中已经提前设置了，射出只是为了提示用户当前的运行环境，接下来看181-187行的内容：
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%" goto java_dir_displayed :use_jdk echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%" :java_dir_displayed echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"
在解释这段内容之前，我建议大家要对setclasspath.bat中的内容有所了解，因为setclasspath.bat中包含对与JRE_HOME,JAVA_HOME变量的逻辑处理和定义。这段内容的意思就是说如果catalina.bat接收到的第一个参数是debug,那么就到use_jdk节点，由于一般情况下我们是用startup.bat脚本调用catalina.bat脚本，所以第一个参数应该是start,所以应该顺序执行到182行echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"，然后执行到java_dir_displayed节点，至于为什么debug的时候不使用JRE_HOME这个变量，我们先记下，在以后的章节中在讨论。
在189-194行中是设置一些变量，内容如下：
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA% set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap set ACTION=start set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE= set DEBUG_OPTS= set JPDA=
这里面要说两点，%_RUNJAVA%变量和org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap，其中%_RUNJAVA%是在setclasspath.bat文件中定义的，其值为"%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"，
MAINCLASS写过JAVA程序的人应该都知道是做什么用的，关键是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap这个值是怎么来的，在哪里定义的，记得在catalina.bat中有过这么一个设置：CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar，其中org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap就是该jar包中的一个类。具体内容以及意义不再此展开。
第196行-211行是对jpda（）的处理，因为咱们没有涉及，关于jdpa的内容不在此展开，因为我们不涉及所以跳过此步骤：
if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda set JPDA=jpda if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket :gotJpdaTransport if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000 :gotJpdaAddress if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend set JPDA_SUSPEND=n :gotJpdaSuspend if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND% :gotJpdaOpts shift :noJpda
再次记下一个知识点JDPA。
下面到noJpda节点，内容如下：
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... ) echo commands: echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger echo run Start Catalina in the current window echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager echo start Start Catalina in a separate window echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager echo stop Stop Catalina echo version What version of tomcat are you running? goto end
其中
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion
是根据用户输入的具体命令，跳转到具体的处理节点，例如输入的命令，那么就到doStart节点，219行-230行的内容是，如果你输入的第一个参数不再预设的命令当中，给你的提示：
echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... ) echo commands: echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger echo run Start Catalina in the current window echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager echo start Start Catalina in a separate window echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager echo stop Stop Catalina echo version What version of tomcat are you running? goto end
下面先看232行-240行的doDebug节点的内容：
:doDebug shift set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB% set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java" if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" goto execCmd
同样%_RUNJDB%变量去setclasspath.bat文件中找定义，235行的内容配置DEBUG_OPTS，接下来是安全策略的问题，如果指定参数"-security"，那么就需要加载安全策略文件，安全策略文件为%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy，内容如下：
// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more // contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with // this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. // The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 // (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with // the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. // ============================================================================ // catalina.policy - Security Policy Permissions for Tomcat 7 // // This file contains a default set of security policies to be enforced (by the // JVM) when Catalina is executed with the "-security" option. In addition // to the permissions granted here, the following additional permissions are // granted specific to each web application: // // * Read access to its document root directory // * Read, write and delete access to its working directory // // $Id: catalina.policy 981453 2010-08-02 11:00:51Z markt $ // ============================================================================ // ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS ========================================= // These permissions apply to javac grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; // These permissions apply to all shared system extensions grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; // These permissions apply to javac when ${java.home] points at $JAVA_HOME/jre grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/../lib/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; // These permissions apply to all shared system extensions when // ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; // ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS ======================================= // These permissions apply to the daemon code grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; // These permissions apply to the logging API // Note: If tomcat-juli.jar is in ${catalina.base} and not in ${catalina.home}, // update this section accordingly. // grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {..} grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" { permission java.io.FilePermission "${java.home}${file.separator}lib${file.separator}logging.properties", "read"; permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}conf${file.separator}logging.properties", "read"; permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs", "read, write"; permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs${file.separator}*", "read, write"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "shutdownHooks"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getClassLoader"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "setContextClassLoader"; permission java.util.logging.LoggingPermission "control"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.class", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.file", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "catalina.base", "read"; // Note: To enable per context logging configuration, permit read access to // the appropriate file. Be sure that the logging configuration is // secure before enabling such access. // E.g. for the examples web application: // permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator} // webapps${file.separator}examples${file.separator}WEB-INF // ${file.separator}classes${file.separator}logging.properties", "read"; }; // These permissions apply to the server startup code grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; // These permissions apply to the servlet API classes // and those that are shared across all class loaders // located in the "lib" directory grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/lib/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; // If using a per instance lib directory, i.e. ${catalina.base}/lib, // then the following permission will need to be uncommented // grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/lib/-" { // permission java.security.AllPermission; // }; // ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS ===================================== // These permissions are granted by default to all web applications // In addition, a web application will be given a read FilePermission // and JndiPermission for all files and directories in its document root. grant { // Required for JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and // javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read"; // OS Specific properties to allow read access permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read"; // JVM properties to allow read access permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read"; // Required for OpenJMX permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute"; // Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser debug permission java.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read"; // All JSPs need to be able to read this package permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat"; // Precompiled JSPs need access to these packages. permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.el"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*"; // Precompiled JSPs need access to these system properties. permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.el.parser.COERCE_TO_ZERO", "read"; // The cookie code needs these. permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR", "read"; // Applications using Comet need to be able to access this package permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.comet"; }; // The Manager application needs access to the following packages to support the // session display functionality grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/manager/-" { permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util"; }; // You can assign additional permissions to particular web applications by // adding additional "grant" entries here, based on the code base for that // application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar files. // // Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages, classes loaded from // the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ // directory, or even to individual jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory. // // For instance, assume that the standard "examples" application // included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the // corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from // the NOAA web server. You might create a "grant" entries like this: // // The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages. // grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/-" { // permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect"; // permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect"; // }; // // The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/classes directory // grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-" { // }; // // The permission granted to your JDBC driver // grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-" { // permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect"; // }; // The permission granted to the scrape taglib // grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-" { // permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect"; // };
里面涉及到一些权限的设置，有兴趣大家可以仔细研究。最终执行execCmd节点的脚本。
242行-248行doRun节点内容如下：
:doRun shift if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" goto execCmd
内容同doDebug内容相似，只是判断是不是需要加载安全配置文件。
250行-263行的doStart节点：
:doStart shift if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA% goto gotTitle :noTitle set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA% :gotTitle if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy" goto execCmd
主要内容就是，如果%OS%环境变量不是Windows_NT,那么不设置标题，直接判断是否需要加载安全配置文件，如果%OS%环境变量的值为Windows_NT,那么设置Title变量，如果没有指定Title变量，默认值为Tomcat,设置完_EXECJAVA变量以后，执行execCmd节点的脚本。
265行-269行的doStop节点，内容比较简单，主要就是设置一下ACTION变量，内容如下：
:doStop shift set ACTION=stop set CATALINA_OPTS= goto execCmd
271行-273行的doVersion节点，就是调用了一下"%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar"中的org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo方法，内容如下：
:doVersion %_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo goto end
下面真正的重点来了，execCmd节点，其中有和startup.bat中处理参与一样功能的节点setArgs,从279行-283行，循环读出参数中的内容追加到CMD_LINE_ARGS变量中，内容如下：
set CMD_LINE_ARGS= :setArgs if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 shift goto setArgs
286行-300行的内容就是真正的执行方法了，先看内容：
rem Execute Java with the applicable properties if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end
是不是有点长，是不是有点看不懂，是不是觉得很麻烦，不要着急，我想一个办法，更直观的观察这里面究竟是什么东西：下面我在这些脚本上添点东西，弄成这个样子：
rem Execute Java with the applicable properties if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% echo 1 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% echo 2 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% echo 3 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% echo 4 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :end pause
其实很简单，就是把内容输出，然后为了能看清，我在后面加了个pause,嘿嘿，下面我从startup.bat启动catalina.bat以后看输出结果：
Using CATALINA_BASE: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" Using CATALINA_HOME: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp" Using JRE_HOME: "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40" Using CLASSPATH: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomca t-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" 1 start "Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java" -Djava.util.loggi ng.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties" -Djava.util.logg ing.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs="F:\apa che-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed" -classpath "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar; F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" -Dcatalina.base="F:\apache-tomcat-7. 0.8" -Dcatalina.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" -Djava.io.tmpdir="F:\apache-tomcat -7.0.8\temp" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start 请按任意键继续. . .
分析一下结果得出如下结论：
_EXECJAVA=start "Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java" JAVA_OPTS= -Djava.util.logging.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties" -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager CATALINA_OPTS= DEBUG_OPTS= -Djava.endorsed.dirs="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed" -classpath "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" -Dcatalina.base="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" -Dcatalina.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" -Djava.io.tmpdir="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp" MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap CMD_LINE_ARGS= ACTION=start
至于其他情况，大家自己研究吧，希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。在文中有三处疑问（标红加粗字体），由于和本文关心不太大，在以后说明，如果谁愿意交流也可以写在评论中，昨天晚上写了这些，脑袋都混乱了，好像如果有不正确的地方，欢迎大家指认。