go源码阅读database/sql

一、介绍

database/sql 采用策略模式，每个driver实现驱动，提供一个注册连接词。

var (
    driversMu sync.RWMutex
    drivers   = make(map[string]driver.Driver)
)

// Register makes a database driver available by the provided name.
// If Register is called twice with the same name or if driver is nil,
// it panics.
func Register(name string, driver driver.Driver) {
    driversMu.Lock()
    defer driversMu.Unlock()
    if driver == nil {
        panic("sql: Register driver is nil")
    }
    if _, dup := drivers[name]; dup {
        panic("sql: Register called twice for driver " + name)
    }
    drivers[name] = driver
}

当我们使用不同的数据库的时候，只要把使用的驱动注册进去就可以了。
比如在 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql mysql驱动库里。
有一段代码
github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/driver.go

func init() {
    sql.Register("mysql", &MySQLDriver{})
}

这里注册是在drivers的map的一个key，关联一个driver。

二、使用流程

2.1 sql.Open()创建连接池句柄sql.DB

func Open(driverName, dataSourceName string) (*DB, error) {
    driversMu.RLock()
    driveri, ok := drivers[driverName]
    driversMu.RUnlock()
    if !ok {
        return nil, fmt.Errorf("sql: unknown driver %q (forgotten import?)", driverName)
    }

    if driverCtx, ok := driveri.(driver.DriverContext); ok {
        connector, err := driverCtx.OpenConnector(dataSourceName)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
        return OpenDB(connector), nil
    }

    return OpenDB(dsnConnector{dsn: dataSourceName, driver: driveri}), nil
}

func OpenDB(c driver.Connector) *DB {
    ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
    db := &DB{
        connector:    c,
        openerCh:     make(chan struct{}, connectionRequestQueueSize),
        lastPut:      make(map[*driverConn]string),
        connRequests: make(map[uint64]chan connRequest),
        stop:         cancel,
    }

    go db.connectionOpener(ctx)

    return db
}

type DB struct {
    // Atomic access only. At top of struct to prevent mis-alignment
    // on 32-bit platforms. Of type time.Duration.
    waitDuration int64 // Total time waited for new connections.

    connector driver.Connector
    // numClosed is an atomic counter which represents a total number of
    // closed connections. Stmt.openStmt checks it before cleaning closed
    // connections in Stmt.css.
    numClosed uint64

    mu           sync.Mutex // protects following fields
    freeConn     []*driverConn
    connRequests map[uint64]chan connRequest
    nextRequest  uint64 // Next key to use in connRequests.
    numOpen      int    // number of opened and pending open connections
    // Used to signal the need for new connections
    // a goroutine running connectionOpener() reads on this chan and
    // maybeOpenNewConnections sends on the chan (one send per needed connection)
    // It is closed during db.Close(). The close tells the connectionOpener
    // goroutine to exit.
    openerCh          chan struct{}
    closed            bool
    dep               map[finalCloser]depSet
    lastPut           map[*driverConn]string // stacktrace of last conn's put; debug only
    maxIdle           int                    // zero means defaultMaxIdleConns; negative means 0
    maxOpen           int                    // <= 0 means unlimited
    maxLifetime       time.Duration          // maximum amount of time a connection may be reused
    cleanerCh         chan struct{}
    waitCount         int64 // Total number of connections waited for.
    maxIdleClosed     int64 // Total number of connections closed due to idle.
    maxLifetimeClosed int64 // Total number of connections closed due to max free limit.

    stop func() // stop cancels the connection opener and the session resetter.
}

注意sql.Open()只是初始化一个 sql.DB,此时并不会真正的创建连接。
初始化内容，设置driver的参数，解析dns等。