【HarmonyOS】1、HarmonyOS应用开发基础详解（持续更新）

一、HarmonyOS应用基础详解

1、布局设置

（1）Java代码布局

public class SecondAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        DependentLayout layout = new DependentLayout(this);
        layout.setHeight(MATCH_PARENT);
        layout.setWidth(MATCH_PARENT);
        ShapeElement shapeElement = new ShapeElement();
        shapeElement.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(255, 255, 255));
        layout.setBackground(shapeElement);

        Text text = new Text(this);
        text.setText("第二个页面");
        text.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
        text.setTextSize(20, Text.TextSizeType.FP);
        // 文本布局
        DependentLayout.LayoutConfig layoutConfig = new DependentLayout.LayoutConfig(MATCH_CONTENT, MATCH_CONTENT);
        layoutConfig.addRule(DependentLayout.LayoutConfig.CENTER_IN_PARENT);
        text.setLayoutConfig(layoutConfig);

        layout.addComponent(text);
        super.setUIContent(layout);
    }
}

（2）XML代码布局

<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#ffffff">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="$ohos:string:request_location_reminder_title"
        ohos:text_color="#000000"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:bottom_padding="30vp"/>

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="跳转到下一页"
        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:left_padding="80vp"
        ohos:right_padding="80vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
        ohos:below="$id:text"
        ohos:horizontal_center="true"/>

DependentLayout>

2、读取文件

（1）获取系统资源

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        
		ResourceManager resourceManager = this.getResourceManager();
		try {
            String title = resourceManager.getElement(ohos.global.systemres.ResourceTable.String_request_location_reminder_title).getString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

xml中获取系统资源

<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#ffffff">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="$ohos:string:request_location_reminder_title"
        ohos:text_color="#000000"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:bottom_padding="30vp"/>

DependentLayout>

（2）获取element/string.json

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        
		ResourceManager resourceManager = this.getResourceManager();
		try {
            String title =  getResourceManager().getElement(ResourceTable.String_entry_MainAbility).getString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

（3）获取element/color.json

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        
        ResourceManager resourceManager = this.getResourceManager();
        try {
            String title = getResourceManager().getElement(ResourceTable.String_entry_MainAbility).getString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

（4）获取profile下的文件内容

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        
        ResourceManager resourceManager = this.getResourceManager();
        try {
            Resource resource = getResourceManager().getResource(ResourceTable.Profile_ttt);
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(resource, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            String lineText;
            while ((lineText = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                text.append("," + lineText);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

（5）获取rawfile下的文件内容

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        
        try {
            Resource resource = getResourceManager().getRawFileEntry("resources/rawfile/test.txt").openRawFile();
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(resource, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            String lineText;
            while ((lineText = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                text.append("," + lineText);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3、事件监听

（1）点击事件

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        
        // 点击事件处理
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);
        button.setClickedListener(component -> {
            // 点击事件处理
        });
    }
}

4、系统日志

（1）HiLog

    public static final HiLogLabel HI_LOG_LABEL = new HiLogLabel(HiLog.LOG_APP, 0x00101, "MainAbility");

        HiLog.info(HI_LOG_LABEL, "======onStart执行了");
        HiLog.warn(LABEL, "Failed to visit %{private}s, reason:%{public}d.", url, errno);

5、路由配置

（1）准备多个路由

• AbilitySlice1 第一个界面

public class AbilitySlice1 extends AbilitySlice {

    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_1);
    }
}

<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#ffffff">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_ability1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="AbilitySlice1"
        ohos:text_color="#000000"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:bottom_padding="30vp"/>

DependentLayout>

• AbilitySlice2 第二个界面

public class AbilitySlice2 extends AbilitySlice {

    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_2);
    }
}

<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#ffffff">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_ability2"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="AbilitySlice2"
        ohos:text_color="#000000"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:bottom_padding="30vp"/>

DependentLayout>

• 主页面配置路由跳转

public class MainAbility extends Ability {

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());

		// 一个Page中绑定多个子页面
        super.addActionRoute("AbilitySlice1", "cn.tellsea.slice.AbilitySlice1");
        super.addActionRoute("AbilitySlice2", AbilitySlice2.class.getName());
    }
}

• config.json 中配置路由：AbilitySlice1，AbilitySlice2

"abilities": [
      {
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "action.system.home",
              "AbilitySlice1",
              "AbilitySlice2"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "orientation": "unspecified",
        "name": "cn.tellsea.MainAbility",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "description": "$string:mainability_description",
        "label": "$string:entry_MainAbility",
        "type": "page",
        "launchType": "standard"
      }
    ]

（2）无参跳转

点击文本，跳转到路由AbilitySlice1

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            present(new AbilitySlice1(), intent1);
        });
    }
}

（2）有参跳转

点击文本，跳转到路由AbilitySlice1，并携带参数user

主界面设置参数

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            intent1.setParam("user", "Tellsea");
            present(new AbilitySlice1(), intent1);
        });
    }
}

第二个界面接收参数，并设置到text中

public class AbilitySlice1 extends AbilitySlice {

    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_1);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_ability1);
        if (intent != null) {
            String user = intent.getStringParam("user");
            text.append("，" + user);
        }
    }

（3）有返回值跳转

第二个界面中，使用setResult设置数据

public class AbilitySlice1 extends AbilitySlice {

    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_1);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_ability1);
        if (intent != null) {
            String user = intent.getStringParam("user");
            text.append("，" + user);
        }

        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            intent1.setParam("password", "123456");
            setResult(intent1);
            // 关闭当前页面，自动返回上一页
            terminate();
        });
    }
}

第一个页面中，重写onResult接收数据

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {

    private Text text;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            intent1.setParam("user", "Tellsea");
            presentForResult(new AbilitySlice1(), intent1, 1314);
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) {
        // 接收并处理返回的值
        // requestCode可以用来区分是哪个路由跳转的结果
        if (requestCode == 1314) {
            String password = resultIntent.getStringParam("password");
            text.append("，" + password);
        }
        super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

（4）不同主Page之间的跳转

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            // 跨页面跳转
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            intent1.setOperation(new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                    .withDeviceId("")
                    .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                    .withAbilityName(SecondAbility.class)
                    .build());
            startAbility(intent1);
        });
    }
}

无参，带参，有返回值的三种情况也是一样的写法

（5）主Page跳转与非主Page的跳转

1、在主Page中点击文本，跳转到另一个Page的非主界面
2、给第二个Page增加一个非主界面
3、在第二个Page的Ability添加路由页面

        super.addActionRoute("secondAbilitySlice1", SecondAbilitySlice1.class.getName());

4、在config.json中的第二个Page容器注册非主界面

        "skills": [
          {
            "actions": [
              "secondAbilitySlice1"
            ]
          }
        ],

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            // 跨页面跳转
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            // 老版本写法，已过期
            // intent1.setAction("secondAbilitySlice1");
            // 新版本写法
            intent1.setOperation(new Intent.OperationBuilder().withAction("secondAbilitySlice1").build());
            startAbility(intent1);
        });
    }
}   

6、设备迁移

（1）获取权限、声明权限

Ability对应的config.json中声明多设备协同访问的权限，和module平级

三方应用部署权限、分布式数据传输的权限、系统应用使用权限的申请

{
    "reqPermissions": [
        {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"},
        {"name": "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE"},
        {"name": "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"}     
    ]
}

声明分布式获取设备列表及设备信息的权限

{
    "reqPermissions": [
        {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE"}, 
        {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO" }, 
        {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO"}
    ]
}

在需要使用的位置声明权限

public class MainAbility extends Ability {

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());

        // 开发者显示声明需要使用的权限
        requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{"ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC",
                "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE",
                "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"}, 0);
    }
}

（2）远程启动FA界面

核心代码

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {

    private Button btn1;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        btn1 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_btn_01);
        btn1.setClickedListener(component -> {
            // 实现跨设备启动FA
            // 获取设备ID
            List<DeviceInfo> deviceList = DeviceManager.getDeviceList(DeviceInfo.FLAG_GET_ONLINE_DEVICE);
            if (deviceList.isEmpty()) {
                return;
            }
            int deviceNum = deviceList.size();
            List<String> deviceIds = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
            List<String> deviceNames = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
            deviceList.forEach((device) -> {
                deviceIds.add(device.getDeviceId());
                deviceNames.add(device.getDeviceName());
            });
            // 假设拿第一个设备作为远程设备
            String deviceIdStr = deviceIds.get(0);

            // 启动远程设备
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            intent.setOperation(new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                    .withDeviceId(deviceIdStr)
                    .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                    .withAbilityName(RemoteAbility.class)
                    .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
                    .build());
            startAbility(intent1);
        });
    }

}

（3）迁移到远程设备

MigrationAbility（需要迁移的FA）和MigrationAbilitySlice都需要实现AbilityContinuation接口

public class MigrationAbility extends Ability implements IAbilityContinuation {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MigrationAbilitySlice.class.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartContinuation() {
        System.out.println("发起迁移时调用");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSaveData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        System.out.println("发起迁移时保存数据");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onRestoreData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        System.out.println("迁移完成时恢复数据");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCompleteContinuation(int i) {
        System.out.println("迁移完成");
    }
}

public class MigrationAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements IAbilityContinuation {

    private TextField textField;
    private Button mgBtn;
    private String tfStr = "请输入...";

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_migration);

        textField = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_textfield_migration);
        textField.setText(tfStr);
        mgBtn = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_button);
        mgBtn.setClickedListener(component -> {
            // 点击按钮实现FA迁移
            String deviceId = DeviceUtils.getDeviceId();
            if (deviceId != null) {
                continueAbility(deviceId);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartContinuation() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSaveData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        intentParams.setParam("data", textField.getText());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onRestoreData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        tfStr = intentParams.getParam("data").toString();
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCompleteContinuation(int i) {
        // 迁移完成后，关闭本机的，terminateAbility();
    }
}

（4）可迁回的迁移远程设备

与迁移到远程设备一致，将continueAbility(deviceId)修改为continueAbilityReversibly(deviceId)即可
如果需要撤回迁移，调用reverseContinueAbility()即可

7、ServiceAbility

（1）启动、关闭ServiceAbility

首先构建一个Intent

        Intent intent1 = new Intent();
        Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                .withDeviceId("")
                .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                .withAbilityName(LocalServiceAbility.class)
                .build();
        intent1.setOperation(operation);

启动ServiceAbility

startAbility(intent1);

关闭uaServiceAbility

stopAbility(intent1);

（2）启动、关闭远程ServiceAbility

远程权限配置

	"reqPermissions": [
        {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"},
        {"name": "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE"},
        {"name": "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"},
        {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE"}, 
        {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO" }, 
        {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO"} 
    ]

声明需要的权限

		// 开发者显示声明需要使用的权限
        requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{"ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC",
                                                "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE",
                                                "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"}, 0);

启动远程ServiceAbility

       Intent intent1 = new Intent();
       Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
               .withDeviceId(deviceId)
                .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                .withAbilityName(LocalServiceAbility.class)
               .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
               .build();
       intent1.setOperation(operation);
       startAbility(intent1);

关闭远程ServiceAbility

    Intent intent1 = new Intent();
    Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
            .withDeviceId(deviceId)
            .withBundleName("cn.ybzy.hmsdemo")
            .withAbilityName("cn.ybzy.hmsdemo.RemoteServiceAbility")
            .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
            .build();
    intent1.setOperation(operation);
    stopAbility(intent1);

（3）连接、断开ServiceAbility

本地代理实现
远端代理实现
PA通过代理实现调用

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