动作是ROS2中一个通信机制,一般分为发送指令,汇报进度,汇报任务完成的步骤。动作有以下特定:
1 客户端,服务器模型:双向通信机制
2 服务器端唯一,客户端不唯一
3 同步通信:因为要定期反馈信息,所以需要同步通信
4 消息接口类型.action
动作为应用层通信机制,其底层为话题和服务。发送开始和结束任务利用服务,而定期反馈利用话题
监测动作信息
ros2 action list
显示动作列表
ros2 action info (动作名称)
ros2 action send_goal (动作名称)(动作类型)(目标)
发送动作请求并接受反馈
ros2 action send_goal (动作名称)(动作类型)(目标)–feedback
示例:模拟旋转机器人
发送动作请求旋转360度,程序每旋转30度会进行一次反馈,最终显示是否旋转完成
接口文件:
bool enable // start
---
bool finish // finish
---
int32 state // feedback
动作接口分为三部分:1 发送开始信息 2 接受中间反馈 3 发送结束信息
接口要在CMakeList.txt里进行声明:
rosidl_generate_interfaces(${PROJECT_NAME}
"action/MoveCircle.action"
)
服务器端:
import time
import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from rclpy.action import ActionServer
from learning_interface.action import MoveCircle
class MoveCircleActionServer(Node):
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name)
self.action_server = ActionServer(self, MoveCircle, 'move_circle', self.execute_callback)
def execute_callback(self, goal_handle):
self.get_logger().info('Moving circle...')
feedback_msg = MoveCircle.Feedback()
for i in range(0, 360, 30):
feedback_msg.state = i
self.get_logger().info('Publishing feedback: %d' % feedback_msg.state)
goal_handle.publish_feedback(feedback_msg)
time.sleep(0.5)
goal_handle.succeed()
result = MoveCircle.Result()
result.finish = True
return result
def main(args=None):
rclpy.init(args=args)
node = MoveCircleActionServer("action_move_server")
rclpy.spin(node)
node.destroy_node()
rclpy.shutdown()
1 from rclpy.action import ActionServer
引入动作服务器类
2 from learning_interface.action import MoveCircle
引入MoveCircle动作接口
3 self.action_server = ActionServer(self, MoveCircle, ‘move_circle’, self.execute_callback)
创建动作服务器类,参数:动作接口,动作名称,回调函数
4 def execute_callback(self, goal_handle):
创建回调函数
5 feedback_msg = MoveCircle.Feedback()
实例化Feedback,MoveCircle.Feedback()对应int32 state
6 goal_handle.publish_feedback(feedback_msg)
发布feedback,这里类似于话题通信
7 goal_handle.succeed()
动作执行成功
8 result = MoveCircle.Result()
实例化Result,这里MoveCircle.Result对应接口里bool finish
9 result.finish = True
return result
返回结束信息
客户端
import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from rclpy.action import ActionClient
from learning_interface.action import MoveCircle
class MoveCircleActionClient(Node):
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name)
self.action_client = ActionClient(self, MoveCircle,'move_circle')
def send_goal(self, enable):
goal_msg = MoveCircle.Goal()
goal_msg.enable = enable
self.action_client.wait_for_server()
self.send_goal_future = self.action_client.send_goal_async(goal.msg, feedback_callback = self.feedback_callback)
self.send_goal_future.add_done_callback(self.goal_response_callback)
def goal_response_callback(self, future):
goal_handle = future.result()
if not goal_handle.accepted:
self.get_logger().info('Goal rejected')
return
self.get_logger().info('Goal accepted')
self.get_result_future = goal_handle.get_result_async()
self.get_result_future.add_done_callback(self.get_result_callback)
def get_result_callback(self, future):
result = future.result().result
self.get_logger().info('Result: {%d}' % result.finish)
def feedback_callback(self, feedback_msg):
feedback = feedback_msg.feedback
self.get_logger().info('Received feedback: {%d}' % feedback.state)
def main(args=None):
rclpy.init(args=args)
node = MoveCircleActionClient("action_move_client")
node.send_goal(True)
rclpy.spin(node)
node,destroy_node()
rclpy.shutdown()
1 from learning_interface.action import MoveCircle
引入接口MoveCircle
2 self.action_client = ActionClient(self, MoveCircle,‘move_circle’)
创建客户端对象,参数:动作接口,动作名称(和服务器端一致)
3 def send_goal(self, enable):
goal_msg = MoveCircle.Goal()
goal_msg.enable = enable
发送开始信息函数
4 self.action_client.wait_for_server()
等待服务器响应
5 self.send_goal_future = self.action_client.send_goal_async(goal.msg, feedback_callback = self.feedback_callback)
进行异步通信,发送goal_msg开始信息(bool enable),设置回调函数feedback_callback用于处理反馈信息
6 self.send_goal_future.add_done_callback(self.goal_response_callback)
添加回调函数goal_response_callback,用于处理开始信息
7 goal_handle = future.result()
接受动作结果
8 self.get_result_future = goal_handle.get_result_async()
进行异步通信获取动作执行结果
9 self.get_result_future.add_done_callback(self.get_result_callback)
添加回调函数,用于处理结束信息
10 def get_result_callback(self, future):
result = future.result().result
self.get_logger().info(‘Result: {%d}’ % result.finish)
获取结束信息的回调函数
11 def get_result_callback(self, future):
result = future.result().result
self.get_logger().info(‘Result: {%d}’ % result.finish)
获取反馈信息的回调函数
12 node.send_goal(True)
在主方法里调用发送信息的函数
程序流程:
1 客户端调用send_goal(True)
2 客户端self.action_client.send_goal_async发送服务请求
3 服务器接受请求,触发回调函数execute_callback,开始打印并发送feedback信息
4 收到feedback信息会同时触发goal_response_callback和feedback_callback。goal_response_callback打印服务请求是否成功,feedback_callback打印反馈数据
5 服务器端for循环结束后return finish,返回结束数据
6 结束数据触发客户端get_result_callback回调函数,这一函数说明任务是否完成