SpringCloud系列——11Spring Cloud 源码分析之Gateway网关

学习目标

  1. Gateway核心原理分析

第1章 Bean的准备

前面也讲了这么多组件了,这会儿我们集成spring-cloud-starter-gateway组件发现,又是一个starter组件,二话不说,先去找spring.factories文件,分析一下有哪些重要的bean被自动装配进IoC容器里面了。

SpringCloud系列——11Spring Cloud 源码分析之Gateway网关_第1张图片

  1.  先来看GatewayClassPathWarningAutoConfiguration这个配置类
    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    //当前配置类在GatewayAutoConfiguration这个核心配置类之前加载
    @AutoConfigureBefore(GatewayAutoConfiguration.class)
    public class GatewayClassPathWarningAutoConfiguration {
    
    	...
            
    	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    	@ConditionalOnClass(name = "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet")
    	protected static class SpringMvcFoundOnClasspathConfiguration {
    
    		public SpringMvcFoundOnClasspathConfiguration() {
    			log.warn(BORDER
    					+ "Spring MVC found on classpath, which is incompatible with Spring Cloud Gateway at this time. "
    					+ "Please remove spring-boot-starter-web dependency." + BORDER);
    		}
    
    	}
    
    	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    	@ConditionalOnMissingClass("org.springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler")
    	protected static class WebfluxMissingFromClasspathConfiguration {
    
    		public WebfluxMissingFromClasspathConfiguration() {
    			log.warn(BORDER + "Spring Webflux is missing from the classpath, "
    					+ "which is required for Spring Cloud Gateway at this time. "
    					+ "Please add spring-boot-starter-webflux dependency." + BORDER);
    		}
    	}
    }

    从这个配置类能看出来,它实际上就通过ConditionOnClass和ConditionOnMissingClass两个做了两个日志打印的功能;如果ClassPath下有org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet类的话,则实例第一个Bean对象,然后打印日志:不能依赖spring-boot-starter-web这个包。然后再检查ClassPath下是否有正确的配置webflux,如果没有,则打印日志:加spring-boot-starter-webflux依赖。

  2. 核心配置类GatewayAutoConfiguration

    因为代码太长,这里就不展示了,这里就列举几个比较重要的

    • PropertiesRouteDefinitionLocator:用于从配置文件(yml/properties)中读取路由配置信息!

    • RouteDefinitionLocator:把 RouteDefinition 转化为 Route

    • RoutePredicateHandlerMapping:类似于 mvc 的HandlerMapping,不过这里是 Gateway实现的。用于匹配对应的请求route

    • GatewayProperties:yml配置信息封装在 GatewayProperties 对象中

    • AfterRoutePredicateFactory:各种路由断言工厂,正是这些断言工厂在启动时已经生成对应的bean,我们才可以在 yml 中配置一下,即可生效

    • RetryGatewayFilterFactory:各种 Gateway 过滤器,正是这些过滤器在启动时已经生成对应的bean,我们才可以在 yml 中配置一下,即可生效

    • GlobalFilter实现类:全局过滤器

  3. HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration和WebFluxAutoConfiguration配置类,在GatewayAutoConfiguration之后实例化

    分别实例化了HttpHandler和WebFluxConfigBean

第2章 执行流程

上一文中讲到Hystrix的原理,在Hystrix中核心业务逻辑都是通过响应式编程完成的,事实上,在Gateway中也都是基于同样的编程风格。同样的,Gateway的流程同SpringMVC流程也非常相似。

当前端有请求进来的时候,大体的流程如下:

  1. 首先被DispatcherHandler给捕获拦截,然后对请求的URI进行解析

  2. 然后根据URI去调用HandlerMapping,获取真正要执行的WebHandler

  3. 然后选择一个合适的适配器HandlerAdapter执行

  4. 执行WebHandler

当请求gateway服务时,所有的请求都会进入到DispatcherHandler中的handle方法,下面我们一起看看这个方法

@Override
public Mono handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
    if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
        return createNotFoundError();
    }
    //这里就是webFlux的响应式编程
    return Flux
        // 1.这里就是遍历所有的 handlerMapping
        .fromIterable(this.handlerMappings)
        // 2.获取对应的handlerMapping ,比如常用的 RequestMappingHandlerMapping、RoutePredicateHandlerMapping
        .concatMap(mapping -> mapping.getHandler(exchange))
        .next()
        .switchIfEmpty(createNotFoundError())
        // 3.获取对应的适配器,调用对应的处理器
        .flatMap(handler -> invokeHandler(exchange, handler))
        // 4.返回处理结果
        .flatMap(result -> handleResult(exchange, result));
}

2.1 getHandler

我们先来看看getHandler方法,它就是Gateway的核心逻辑所在,再getHandler中获取对应的HandlerMapping。

下面是AbstractHandlerMapping.getHandler的源码

@Override
public Mono getHandler(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
    //这一步会获取路由的实现类,会进入到RoutePredicateHandlerMapping
    return getHandlerInternal(exchange).map(handler -> {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug(exchange.getLogPrefix() + "Mapped to " + handler);
        }
        ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
        if (hasCorsConfigurationSource(handler) || CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
            CorsConfiguration config = (this.corsConfigurationSource != null ? this.corsConfigurationSource.getCorsConfiguration(exchange) : null);
            CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, exchange);
            config = (config != null ? config.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
            if (!this.corsProcessor.process(config, exchange) || CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
                return REQUEST_HANDLED_HANDLER;
            }
        }
        return handler;
    });
} 
  
@Override
protected Mono getHandlerInternal(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
    // don't handle requests on management port if set and different than server port
    if (this.managementPortType == DIFFERENT && this.managementPort != null
        && exchange.getRequest().getURI().getPort() == this.managementPort) {
        return Mono.empty();
    }
    exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_HANDLER_MAPPER_ATTR, getSimpleName());

    //寻找并匹配路由
    return lookupRoute(exchange)
        // .log("route-predicate-handler-mapping", Level.FINER) //name this
        .flatMap((Function>) r -> {
            //移除上下文中旧的属性
            exchange.getAttributes().remove(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR);
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug(
                    "Mapping [" + getExchangeDesc(exchange) + "] to " + r);
            }

            //把该路由与上下文绑定,后续负载均衡会用
            exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR, r);
            //返回 webHandler
            return Mono.just(webHandler);
        }).switchIfEmpty(Mono.empty().then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
        exchange.getAttributes().remove(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR);
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("No RouteDefinition found for ["
                         + getExchangeDesc(exchange) + "]");
        }
    })));
}

 其中lookupRoute方法会找到yml中配置的所有的路由断言工厂(Before、After、Path等等),并执行apply方法,进行路由匹配,判断是否允许请求通过!执行顺序由springboot自动配置时自己制定

protected Mono lookupRoute(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
    // getRoutes 获取所有的断言工厂
    return this.routeLocator.getRoutes()
        .concatMap(route -> Mono.just(route).filterWhen(r -> {
            exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR, r.getId());
            // 先获取Route内部的predicate属性
            //然后调用apply方法 执行断言!判断请求是否通过
            return r.getPredicate().apply(exchange);
        }).doOnError(e -> logger.error(
                       "Error applying predicate for route: " + route.getId(),
                       e))
                   .onErrorResume(e -> Mono.empty()))
        .next()
        .map(route -> {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Route matched: " + route.getId());
            }
            validateRoute(route, exchange);
            return route;
        });
}

其中getRoutes()方法就是通过RouteDefinitionRouteLocator从配置文件中获取所有路由的,然后把找到的路由转换成Route  

@Override
public Flux getRoutes() {
    // getRouteDefinitions() 从配置文件中获取所有路由
    Flux routes = this.routeDefinitionLocator.getRouteDefinitions()
        // convertToRoute():把找到的路由转换成Route
        .map(this::convertToRoute);

    ...
}
public class Route implements Ordered {

	private final String id;

	private final URI uri;

	private final int order;

	private final AsyncPredicate predicate;

	private final List gatewayFilters;

	private final Map metadata;
	
    ...
}

2.2 invokeHandler

Gateway由于在上一步匹配路由后返回的是webHandler类型的,所以也需要找到对应的HandlerAdaptor,进入获取对应的适配器方法 invokeHandler(exchange, handler)

private Mono invokeHandler(ServerWebExchange exchange, Object handler) {
    if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
        //找到所有的HandlerAdapter去匹配WebFlux类型
        for (HandlerAdapter handlerAdapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
            if (handlerAdapter.supports(handler)) {
                return handlerAdapter.handle(exchange, handler);
            }
        }
    }
    return Mono.error(new IllegalStateException("No HandlerAdapter: " + handler));
}

SimpleHandlerAdapter 中的handle方法如下  

@Override
public Mono handle(ServerWebExchange exchange, Object handler) {
    //处理WebHandler 类型
    WebHandler webHandler = (WebHandler) handler;
    Mono mono = webHandler.handle(exchange);
    return mono.then(Mono.empty());
}

其中webHandler.handle方法就是处理所有过滤器链的方法,该过滤器链包括globalFiltersgatewayFilters  

@Override
public Mono handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
    // 1. 根据路由与上下文绑定关系,获取对应的路由Route
    Route route = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
    List gatewayFilters = route.getFilters();

    // 2. 收集所有的 globalFilters 并放入List
    //注意这里使用了适配器模式
    List combined = new ArrayList<>(this.globalFilters);
    // 3. 把 gatewayFilters 也放入List,形成一条过滤器立案
    combined.addAll(gatewayFilters);
    // 4. 根据order排序
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(combined);

    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Sorted gatewayFilterFactories: " + combined);
    }

    // 5. 执行过滤器链中的每一个过滤器方法!
    return new DefaultGatewayFilterChain(combined).filter(exchange);
}

注意:在组装过滤器链的时候,是把globalFilters和gatewayFilters两种过滤器都放进了List中,这是怎么做的呢?

这其实用到了一种 适配器 的设计模式!

  • 如果放入的是globalFilters,会先把globalFilters转化成GatewayFilterAdapter。 GatewayFilterAdapter在内部集成了GlobalFilter,同时也实现了GatewayFilter,使 globalFilters和gatewayFilters在 适配器 类GatewayFilterAdapter中共存!

  • 如果放入的是gatewayFilters,直接放入即可!

第3章 负载均衡流程

Gateway的负载均衡只需要在yml中配置 uri: lb://user即可实现负载均衡,底层是由全局过滤器LoadBalancerClientFilter的filter方法去做的!

以订单服务的http://localhost:9527/get/3为例!9527为网关Gateway的端口

public Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    // 1. 根据路由与上下文绑定关系
    // 获取原始的url:http://localhost:9527/get/3
    URI url = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
    String schemePrefix = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR);
    if (url == null
        || (!"lb".equals(url.getScheme()) && !"lb".equals(schemePrefix))) {
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    addOriginalRequestUrl(exchange, url);

    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
        log.trace("LoadBalancerClientFilter url before: " + url);
    }
    // 2. 通过ribbon的负载均衡算法,根据服务名去nacos或者Eureka选择一个实例!
    // 该实例就有user服务真正的 url 地址:http://localhost:8080/get/3
    final ServiceInstance instance = choose(exchange);

    if (instance == null) {
        throw NotFoundException.create(properties.isUse404(),
                                       "Unable to find instance for " + url.getHost());
    }
    // 3. 拿到原生的 uri :http://localhost:9527/get/3
    URI uri = exchange.getRequest().getURI();

    String overrideScheme = instance.isSecure() ? "https" : "http";
    if (schemePrefix != null) {
        overrideScheme = url.getScheme();
    }
    // 4. 拿服务实例instance的uri替换原生的uri地址 得到 新的url
    // 新的url: http://localhost:8080/get/3
    URI requestUrl = loadBalancer.reconstructURI(
        new DelegatingServiceInstance(instance, overrideScheme), uri);

    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
        log.trace("LoadBalancerClientFilter url chosen: " + requestUrl);
    }
    // 5. 再次记录上下文关系
    exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, requestUrl);
    // 6. 执行过滤器链中的其他过滤请求
    return chain.filter(exchange);
}

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