Gateway核心原理分析
前面也讲了这么多组件了,这会儿我们集成spring-cloud-starter-gateway组件发现,又是一个starter组件,二话不说,先去找spring.factories文件,分析一下有哪些重要的bean被自动装配进IoC容器里面了。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
//当前配置类在GatewayAutoConfiguration这个核心配置类之前加载
@AutoConfigureBefore(GatewayAutoConfiguration.class)
public class GatewayClassPathWarningAutoConfiguration {
...
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(name = "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet")
protected static class SpringMvcFoundOnClasspathConfiguration {
public SpringMvcFoundOnClasspathConfiguration() {
log.warn(BORDER
+ "Spring MVC found on classpath, which is incompatible with Spring Cloud Gateway at this time. "
+ "Please remove spring-boot-starter-web dependency." + BORDER);
}
}
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnMissingClass("org.springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler")
protected static class WebfluxMissingFromClasspathConfiguration {
public WebfluxMissingFromClasspathConfiguration() {
log.warn(BORDER + "Spring Webflux is missing from the classpath, "
+ "which is required for Spring Cloud Gateway at this time. "
+ "Please add spring-boot-starter-webflux dependency." + BORDER);
}
}
}
从这个配置类能看出来,它实际上就通过ConditionOnClass和ConditionOnMissingClass两个做了两个日志打印的功能;如果ClassPath下有org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet类的话,则实例第一个Bean对象,然后打印日志:不能依赖spring-boot-starter-web这个包。然后再检查ClassPath下是否有正确的配置webflux,如果没有,则打印日志:加spring-boot-starter-webflux依赖。
核心配置类GatewayAutoConfiguration
因为代码太长,这里就不展示了,这里就列举几个比较重要的
PropertiesRouteDefinitionLocator:用于从配置文件(yml/properties)中读取路由配置信息!
RouteDefinitionLocator:把 RouteDefinition 转化为 Route
RoutePredicateHandlerMapping:类似于 mvc 的HandlerMapping,不过这里是 Gateway实现的。用于匹配对应的请求route
GatewayProperties:yml配置信息封装在 GatewayProperties 对象中
AfterRoutePredicateFactory:各种路由断言工厂,正是这些断言工厂在启动时已经生成对应的bean,我们才可以在 yml 中配置一下,即可生效
RetryGatewayFilterFactory:各种 Gateway 过滤器,正是这些过滤器在启动时已经生成对应的bean,我们才可以在 yml 中配置一下,即可生效
GlobalFilter实现类:全局过滤器
HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration和WebFluxAutoConfiguration配置类,在GatewayAutoConfiguration之后实例化
分别实例化了HttpHandler和WebFluxConfigBean
上一文中讲到Hystrix的原理,在Hystrix中核心业务逻辑都是通过响应式编程完成的,事实上,在Gateway中也都是基于同样的编程风格。同样的,Gateway的流程同SpringMVC流程也非常相似。
当前端有请求进来的时候,大体的流程如下:
首先被DispatcherHandler给捕获拦截,然后对请求的URI进行解析
然后根据URI去调用HandlerMapping,获取真正要执行的WebHandler
然后选择一个合适的适配器HandlerAdapter执行
执行WebHandler
当请求gateway服务时,所有的请求都会进入到DispatcherHandler中的handle方法,下面我们一起看看这个方法
@Override
public Mono handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
return createNotFoundError();
}
//这里就是webFlux的响应式编程
return Flux
// 1.这里就是遍历所有的 handlerMapping
.fromIterable(this.handlerMappings)
// 2.获取对应的handlerMapping ,比如常用的 RequestMappingHandlerMapping、RoutePredicateHandlerMapping
.concatMap(mapping -> mapping.getHandler(exchange))
.next()
.switchIfEmpty(createNotFoundError())
// 3.获取对应的适配器,调用对应的处理器
.flatMap(handler -> invokeHandler(exchange, handler))
// 4.返回处理结果
.flatMap(result -> handleResult(exchange, result));
}
我们先来看看getHandler方法,它就是Gateway的核心逻辑所在,再getHandler中获取对应的HandlerMapping。
下面是AbstractHandlerMapping.getHandler的源码
@Override
public Mono
@Override
protected Mono> getHandlerInternal(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
// don't handle requests on management port if set and different than server port
if (this.managementPortType == DIFFERENT && this.managementPort != null
&& exchange.getRequest().getURI().getPort() == this.managementPort) {
return Mono.empty();
}
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_HANDLER_MAPPER_ATTR, getSimpleName());
//寻找并匹配路由
return lookupRoute(exchange)
// .log("route-predicate-handler-mapping", Level.FINER) //name this
.flatMap((Function>) r -> {
//移除上下文中旧的属性
exchange.getAttributes().remove(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(
"Mapping [" + getExchangeDesc(exchange) + "] to " + r);
}
//把该路由与上下文绑定,后续负载均衡会用
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR, r);
//返回 webHandler
return Mono.just(webHandler);
}).switchIfEmpty(Mono.empty().then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
exchange.getAttributes().remove(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No RouteDefinition found for ["
+ getExchangeDesc(exchange) + "]");
}
})));
}
其中lookupRoute
方法会找到yml
中配置的所有的路由断言工厂(Before、After、Path等等),并执行apply
方法,进行路由匹配,判断是否允许请求通过!执行顺序由springboot
自动配置时自己制定
protected Mono lookupRoute(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
// getRoutes 获取所有的断言工厂
return this.routeLocator.getRoutes()
.concatMap(route -> Mono.just(route).filterWhen(r -> {
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR, r.getId());
// 先获取Route内部的predicate属性
//然后调用apply方法 执行断言!判断请求是否通过
return r.getPredicate().apply(exchange);
}).doOnError(e -> logger.error(
"Error applying predicate for route: " + route.getId(),
e))
.onErrorResume(e -> Mono.empty()))
.next()
.map(route -> {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Route matched: " + route.getId());
}
validateRoute(route, exchange);
return route;
});
}
其中getRoutes()
方法就是通过RouteDefinitionRouteLocator
从配置文件中获取所有路由的,然后把找到的路由转换成Route
@Override
public Flux getRoutes() {
// getRouteDefinitions() 从配置文件中获取所有路由
Flux routes = this.routeDefinitionLocator.getRouteDefinitions()
// convertToRoute():把找到的路由转换成Route
.map(this::convertToRoute);
...
}
public class Route implements Ordered {
private final String id;
private final URI uri;
private final int order;
private final AsyncPredicate predicate;
private final List gatewayFilters;
private final Map metadata;
...
}
Gateway
由于在上一步匹配路由后返回的是webHandler
类型的,所以也需要找到对应的HandlerAdaptor
,进入获取对应的适配器方法 invokeHandler(exchange, handler)
中
private Mono invokeHandler(ServerWebExchange exchange, Object handler) {
if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
//找到所有的HandlerAdapter去匹配WebFlux类型
for (HandlerAdapter handlerAdapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
if (handlerAdapter.supports(handler)) {
return handlerAdapter.handle(exchange, handler);
}
}
}
return Mono.error(new IllegalStateException("No HandlerAdapter: " + handler));
}
SimpleHandlerAdapter
中的handle
方法如下
@Override
public Mono handle(ServerWebExchange exchange, Object handler) {
//处理WebHandler 类型
WebHandler webHandler = (WebHandler) handler;
Mono mono = webHandler.handle(exchange);
return mono.then(Mono.empty());
}
其中webHandler.handle
方法就是处理所有过滤器链的方法,该过滤器链包括globalFilters
和gatewayFilters
@Override
public Mono handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
// 1. 根据路由与上下文绑定关系,获取对应的路由Route
Route route = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
List gatewayFilters = route.getFilters();
// 2. 收集所有的 globalFilters 并放入List
//注意这里使用了适配器模式
List combined = new ArrayList<>(this.globalFilters);
// 3. 把 gatewayFilters 也放入List,形成一条过滤器立案
combined.addAll(gatewayFilters);
// 4. 根据order排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(combined);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Sorted gatewayFilterFactories: " + combined);
}
// 5. 执行过滤器链中的每一个过滤器方法!
return new DefaultGatewayFilterChain(combined).filter(exchange);
}
注意:在组装过滤器链的时候,是把globalFilters和gatewayFilters两种过滤器都放进了List
这其实用到了一种 适配器 的设计模式!
如果放入的是globalFilters,会先把globalFilters转化成GatewayFilterAdapter。 GatewayFilterAdapter在内部集成了GlobalFilter,同时也实现了GatewayFilter,使 globalFilters和gatewayFilters在 适配器 类GatewayFilterAdapter中共存!
如果放入的是gatewayFilters,直接放入即可!
Gateway的负载均衡只需要在yml中配置 uri: lb://user即可实现负载均衡,底层是由全局过滤器LoadBalancerClientFilter的filter方法去做的!
以订单服务的http://localhost:9527/get/3为例!9527为网关Gateway的端口
public Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
// 1. 根据路由与上下文绑定关系
// 获取原始的url:http://localhost:9527/get/3
URI url = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
String schemePrefix = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR);
if (url == null
|| (!"lb".equals(url.getScheme()) && !"lb".equals(schemePrefix))) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
addOriginalRequestUrl(exchange, url);
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("LoadBalancerClientFilter url before: " + url);
}
// 2. 通过ribbon的负载均衡算法,根据服务名去nacos或者Eureka选择一个实例!
// 该实例就有user服务真正的 url 地址:http://localhost:8080/get/3
final ServiceInstance instance = choose(exchange);
if (instance == null) {
throw NotFoundException.create(properties.isUse404(),
"Unable to find instance for " + url.getHost());
}
// 3. 拿到原生的 uri :http://localhost:9527/get/3
URI uri = exchange.getRequest().getURI();
String overrideScheme = instance.isSecure() ? "https" : "http";
if (schemePrefix != null) {
overrideScheme = url.getScheme();
}
// 4. 拿服务实例instance的uri替换原生的uri地址 得到 新的url
// 新的url: http://localhost:8080/get/3
URI requestUrl = loadBalancer.reconstructURI(
new DelegatingServiceInstance(instance, overrideScheme), uri);
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("LoadBalancerClientFilter url chosen: " + requestUrl);
}
// 5. 再次记录上下文关系
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, requestUrl);
// 6. 执行过滤器链中的其他过滤请求
return chain.filter(exchange);
}