协议梳理
一般情况下，下载的功能模块，至少需要提供如下基础功能：资源下载、取消当前下载、资源是否下载成功、资源文件的大小、清除缓存文件。而断点续传主要体现在取消当前下载后，再次下载时能在之前已下载的基础上继续下载。这个能极大程度的减少我们服务器的带宽损耗，而且还能为用户减少流量，避免重复下载，提高用户体验。
前置条件：资源必须支持断点续传。如何确定可否支持？看看你的服务器是否支持Range请求即可。
实现步骤
1.定好协议。我们用的http库是dio；通过校验md5检测文件缓存完整性；关于代码中的subDir，设计上认为资源会有多种：音频、视频、安装包等，每种资源分开目录进行存储。
import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
typedef ProgressCallBack = void Function(int count, int total);
typedef CancelTokenProvider = void Function(CancelToken cancelToken);
abstract class AssetRepositoryProtocol {
/// 下载单一资源
Future downloadAsset(String url,
{String? subDir,
ProgressCallBack? onReceiveProgress,
CancelTokenProvider? cancelTokenProvider,
Function(String)? done,
Function(Exception)? failed});
/// 取消下载，Dio中通过CancelToken可控制
void cancelDownload(CancelToken cancelToken);
/// 获取文件的缓存地址
Future filePathForAsset(String url, {String? subDir});
/// 检查文件是否缓存成功，简单对比md5
Future checkCachedSuccess(String url, {String? md5Str});
/// 查看缓存文件的大小
Future cachedFileSize({String? subDir});
/// 清除缓存
Future clearCache({String? subDir});
}
2.实现抽象协议，其中HttpManagerProtocol内部封装了dio的相关请求。
class AssetRepository implements AssetRepositoryProtocol {
AssetRepository(this.httpManager);
final HttpManagerProtocol httpManager;
@override
Future downloadAsset(String url,
{String? subDir,
ProgressCallBack? onReceiveProgress,
CancelTokenProvider? cancelTokenProvider,
Function(String)? done,
Function(Exception)? failed}) async {
CancelToken cancelToken = CancelToken();
if (cancelTokenProvider != null) {
cancelTokenProvider(cancelToken);
}
final savePath = await _getSavePath(url, subDir: subDir);
try {
httpManager.downloadFile(
url: url,
savePath: savePath + '.temp',
onReceiveProgress: onReceiveProgress,
cancelToken: cancelToken,
done: () {
done?.call(savePath);
},
failed: (e) {
print(e);
failed?.call(e);
});
return savePath;
} catch (e) {
print(e);
rethrow;
}
}
@override
void cancelDownload(CancelToken cancelToken) {
try {
if (!cancelToken.isCancelled) {
cancelToken.cancel();
}
} catch (e) {
print(e);
}
}
@override
Future filePathForAsset(String url, {String? subDir}) async {
final path = await _getSavePath(url, subDir: subDir);
final file = File(path);
if (!(await file.exists())) {
return null;
}
return path;
}
@override
Future checkCachedSuccess(String url, {String? md5Str}) async {
String? path = await _getSavePath(url, subDir: FileType.video.dirName);
bool isCached = await File(path).exists();
if (isCached && (md5Str != null && md5Str.isNotEmpty)) {
// 存在但是md5验证不通过
File(path).readAsBytes().then((Uint8List str) {
if (md5.convert(str).toString() != md5Str) {
path = null;
}
});
} else if (isCached) {
return path;
} else {
path = null;
}
return path;
}
@override
Future cachedFileSize({String? subDir}) async {
final dir = await _getDir(subDir: subDir);
if (!(await dir.exists())) {
return 0;
}
int totalSize = 0;
await for (var entity in dir.list(recursive: true)) {
if (entity is File) {
try {
totalSize += await entity.length();
} catch (e) {
print('Get size of $entity failed with exception: $e');
}
}
}
return totalSize;
}
@override
Future clearCache({String? subDir}) async {
final dir = await _getDir(subDir: subDir);
if (!(await dir.exists())) {
return;
}
dir.deleteSync(recursive: true);
}
Future _getSavePath(String url, {String? subDir}) async {
final saveDir = await _getDir(subDir: subDir);
if (!saveDir.existsSync()) {
saveDir.createSync(recursive: true);
}
final uri = Uri.parse(url);
final fileName = uri.pathSegments.last;
return saveDir.path + fileName;
}
Future _getDir({String? subDir}) async {
final cacheDir = await getTemporaryDirectory();
late final Directory saveDir;
if (subDir == null) {
saveDir = cacheDir;
} else {
saveDir = Directory(cacheDir.path + '/$subDir/');
}
return saveDir;
}
}
3.封装dio下载，实现资源断点续传。
这里的逻辑比较重点，首先未缓存100%的文件，我们以.temp后缀进行命名，在每次下载时检测下是否有.temp的文件，拿到其文件字节大小；传入在header中的range字段，服务器就会去解析需要从哪个位置继续下载；下载全部完成后，再把文件名改回正确的后缀即可。
final downloadDio = Dio(); FuturedownloadFile({ required String url, required String savePath, required CancelToken cancelToken, ProgressCallback? onReceiveProgress, void Function()? done, void Function(Exception)? failed, }) async { int downloadStart = 0; File f = File(savePath); if (await f.exists()) { // 文件存在时拿到已下载的字节数 downloadStart = f.lengthSync(); } print("start: $downloadStart"); try { var response = await downloadDio.get ( url, options: Options( /// Receive response data as a stream responseType: ResponseType.stream, followRedirects: false, headers: { /// 加入range请求头，实现断点续传 "range": "bytes=$downloadStart-", }, ), ); File file = File(savePath); RandomAccessFile raf = file.openSync(mode: FileMode.append); int received = downloadStart; int total = await _getContentLength(response); Stream stream = response.data!.stream; StreamSubscription ? subscription; subscription = stream.listen( (data) { /// Write files must be synchronized raf.writeFromSync(data); received += data.length; onReceiveProgress?.call(received, total); }, onDone: () async { file.rename(savePath.replaceAll('.temp', '')); await raf.close(); done?.call(); }, onError: (e) async { await raf.close(); failed?.call(e); }, cancelOnError: true, ); cancelToken.whenCancel.then((_) async { await subscription?.cancel(); await raf.close(); }); } on DioError catch (error) { if (CancelToken.isCancel(error)) { print("Download cancelled"); } else { failed?.call(error); } } }
写在最后
这篇文章确实没有技术含量，水一篇，但其实是实用的。这个断点续传的实现有几个注意的点：
- 使用文件操作的方式，区分后缀名来管理缓存的资源；
- 安全性使用md5校验，这点非常重要，断点续传下载的文件，在完整性上可能会因为各种突发情况而得不到保障；
- 在资源管理协议上，我们将下载、检测、获取大小等方法都抽象出去，在业务调用时比较灵活。
以上就是Flutter实现资源下载断点续传的示例代码的详细内容，更多关于Flutter资源下载断点续传的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章！