概念:Java DataBase Connectivity Java数据库连接,Java语言操作数据库
本质:其实是官方定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类。
快速入门:
/**
* JDBC快速入门
*/
public class JdbcDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//导入驱动jar包
//注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//获取数据库的链接对象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test2","root","maple");
//定义sql语句
String sql = "update account set balance = 500 where id = 1";
//获取执行sql的对象
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println(count);
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
详解各个对象:
注册驱动
static void registerDriver(Driver driver) : 注册与给定的驱动程序DriverManager
写代码使用:Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
static {
try {
java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}
获取数据库连接
static Connection getConnection(String url,String user,String password)
插入表记录
package cn.jsp.jdbc;
import java.sql.*;
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/13
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class JdbcDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
//注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
// 定义sql
String sql = "insert into account values(null,'王五',3000)";
//获取Connection对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db2","root","root");
//获取执行sql的对象 Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if (count>0){
System.out.println("添加成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("添加失败!");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//避免空指针异常
if (stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
修改表记录
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/13
* @since account表 修改记录
*/
public class JdbcDemo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
//注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db2","root","root");
//定义sql
String sql = "update account set balance = 1500 where id = 3";
//获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if (count>0){
System.out.println("修改成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("修改失败!");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//释放资源
if (stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
删除内容
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/13
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class JdbcDemo4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
//注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db2","root","root");
//定义sql
String sql = "delete from emp where id = 6";
//获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if (count>0){
System.out.println("删除成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("删除失败!");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//释放资源
if (stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/13
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class JdbcDemo6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
// 定义sql
String sql = "select * from emp";
//获取Connection对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db2","root","root");
//获取执行sql的对象 Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//让光标向下移动一行
//循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾
while(rs.next()) {
//获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString("name");
String gender = rs.getString("gender");
//double emp = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + gender);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//避免空指针异常
if (stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
emp.java
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/13
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Emp {
private int id;
private String ename;
private int job_id;
private int mgr;
private Date joindate;
private double salary;
private double bonus;
private int dept_id;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public int getJob_id() {
return job_id;
}
public void setJob_id(int job_id) {
this.job_id = job_id;
}
public int getMgr() {
return mgr;
}
public void setMgr(int mgr) {
this.mgr = mgr;
}
public Date getJoindate() {
return joindate;
}
public void setJoindate(Date joindate) {
this.joindate = joindate;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public double getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public int getDept_id() {
return dept_id;
}
public void setDept_id(int dept_id) {
this.dept_id = dept_id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Emp{" +
"id=" + id +
", ename='" + ename + '\'' +
", job_id=" + job_id +
", mgr=" + mgr +
", joindate=" + joindate +
", salary=" + salary +
", bonus=" + bonus +
", dept_id=" + dept_id +
'}';
}
}
JdbcDemo7.java
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/13
*
* 定义一个方法,查询emp表的数据将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回
*/
public class JdbcDemo7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Emp> list = new JdbcDemo7().findAll();
System.out.println(list);
}
/**
* 查询所有emp对象
* @return
*/
public List<Emp> findAll(){
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List<Emp> list = null;
//1,注册驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2,获取连接
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db2","root","root");
//定义sql
String sql = "select * from emp";
//获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//执行sql,返回结果集对象
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//遍历结果集,封装对象,装载集合
Emp emp = null;
list = new ArrayList<Emp>();
while (rs.next()){
//获取数据
int id = rs.getInt("id");
//String ename = rs.getString("ename");
//int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id");
//int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr");
//Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate");
double salary = rs.getDouble("salary");
//double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus");
int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id");
//创建emp对象
emp = new Emp();
emp.setId(id);
//emp.setEname(ename);
//emp.setJob_id(job_id);
//emp.setMgr(mgr);
//emp.setJoindate(joindate);
emp.setSalary(salary);
//emp.setBonus(bonus);
emp.setDept_id(dept_id);
//装载集合
list.add(emp);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return list;
}
}
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/14
*
* 练习:
* 需求:
* 通过键盘录入用户名和密码
* 判断用户是否登录成功
*
*/
public class JdbcDemo9 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//键盘录入,接收用户名和密码
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String username = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入密码:");
String password = sc.nextLine();
//调用方法
boolean flag = new JdbcDemo9().login2(username,password);
//判断结果
if (flag){
//登录成功
System.out.println("登录成功");
}else{
System.out.println("用户名或密码错误");
}
}
/**
* 登录方法
*/
public boolean login2(String username,String password){
if (username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否成功
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//1,获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username= ? and password= ? ";
//获取执行sql的对象
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//给?赋值
pstmt.setString(1,username);
pstmt.setString(2,password);
//执行查询
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
//判断
return rs.next();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,pstmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
}
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/14
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
/**
* 文件的读取,只需要读取一次,使用静态代码块
*/
static{
//读取资源文件,获取值
//创建Properties集合类
try {
Properties pro = new Properties();
//获取src路径下的文件的方式---->Classloader类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
String path = res.getPath();
//加载文件
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
//获取数据,赋值
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
//注册驱动
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接
* @return 连接对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//重载
public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if (rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
1,事务:一个包含多个步骤的业务操作。如果这个业务操作被事务管理,则这多个步骤要么同时成功,要么同时失败
2,操作:
3,使用Connection对象管理事务
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/15
* 事务操作
*/
public class JdbcDemo10 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt1 = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt2 = null;
//获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//开启事务
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
//定义sql
String sql1 = "Update account set balance = balance - ? where id = ?";
String sql2 = "Update account set balance = balance + ? where id = ?";
//获取执行sql对象
pstmt1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1);
pstmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2);
//设置参数
pstmt1.setDouble(1,500);
pstmt1.setInt(2,1);
pstmt2.setDouble(1,500);
pstmt2.setInt(2,2);
//执行sql
pstmt1.executeUpdate();
pstmt2.executeUpdate();
//提交事务
conn.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
//事务回滚
try {
if (conn != null){
conn.rollback();
}
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(pstmt1,conn);
JDBCUtils.close(pstmt2,null);
}
}
}
概念:其实就是一个容器(集合),存放数据库连接的容器
实现:
C3P0:数据库连接池技术
Druid:数据库连接池实现技术
JDBCUtils
/**
* Druid连接池的工具类
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
//1,定义成员变量DataSource
private static DataSource ds;
static{
//加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
try {
pro.load(JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
//2,获取DataSource
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
/**
* 释放资源
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if (rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 获取连接池方法
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
}
package cn.jsp.jdbctemplate;
import cn.jsp.utils.JDBCUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
/**
* @author Jsp
* @create 2019/8/16
* JdbcTemplate入门
.0.0
*/
public class JDBCTemplateDemo1{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//导入jar包
//创建JDBCTemplate对象
JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
//调用方法
String sql = "update account set balance = 2000 where id = ?";
int count = template.update(sql,3);
System.out.println(count);
}
}