Flutter 第九课:组件之Scaffold和AppBar和Drawer和FloatingActionButton

Flutter 学习第九课:Flutter组件之Scaffold和组件AppBar和Drawer抽屉组件和组件FloatingActionButton悬浮框按钮

第一:Scaffold介绍
Scaffold:翻译过来就是脚手架意思,Material Design布局结构的基本实现。提供展示抽屉(drawers,比如:侧边栏)、通知(snack bars) 以及 底部按钮(bottom sheets)。

const Scaffold({
    Key? key,
    this.appBar,//标题栏
    this.body,//用于显示当前界面主要内容的Widget
    this.floatingActionButton,//一个悬浮在body上的按钮,默认显示在右下角
    this.floatingActionButtonLocation,// 用于设置floatingActionButton显示的位置
    this.floatingActionButtonAnimator,// floatingActionButton移动到一个新的位置时的动画
    this.persistentFooterButtons,// 多状态按钮
    this.drawer,// 左侧的抽屉菜单
    this.onDrawerChanged,
    this.endDrawer,//  右'侧的抽屉菜单
    this.onEndDrawerChanged,
    this.bottomNavigationBar,// 底部导航栏。
    this.bottomSheet,// 显示在底部的工具栏
    this.backgroundColor,// 内容的背景颜色
    this.resizeToAvoidBottomInset,// 控制界面内容 body 是否重新布局来避免底部被覆盖,比如当键盘显示的时候,重新布局避免被键盘盖住内容
    this.primary = true,// Scaffold是否显示在页面的顶部
    this.drawerDragStartBehavior = DragStartBehavior.start,//控制 drawer 的一些特性
    this.extendBody = false,//body 是否延伸到底部控件
    this.extendBodyBehindAppBar = false,
    this.drawerScrimColor,//侧滑栏拉出来时,用来遮盖主页面的颜色
    this.drawerEdgeDragWidth,//侧滑栏拉出来的宽度
    this.drawerEnableOpenDragGesture = true,//左侧侧滑栏是否可以滑动
    this.endDrawerEnableOpenDragGesture = true,//右侧侧滑栏是否可以滑动
    this.restorationId,
  }) : assert(primary != null),
       assert(extendBody != null),
       assert(extendBodyBehindAppBar != null),
       assert(drawerDragStartBehavior != null),
       super(key: key);

Flutter 第九课:组件之Scaffold和AppBar和Drawer和FloatingActionButton_第1张图片
例如:栗子

///脚手架
 return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("Flutter Demo"),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Text('Hello Flutter'),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () {},
        child: Text('点击'),
      ),
      drawer: Drawer(
        child: Center(
          child: Text('Drawer'),
        ),
      ),
    );

第二:AppBar详解

AppBar({
    Key? key,
    this.leading,////widget类型,即可任意设计样式,表示左侧leading区域,通常为icon,如返回icon
    this.automaticallyImplyLeading = true,//// 如果leading!=null,该属性不生效;如果leading==null且为true,左侧leading区域留白;如果leading==null且为false,左侧leading区域扩展给title区域使用

    this.title,//widget类型,即可任意设计样式,表示中间title区域,通常为标题栏
    this.actions,// List类型,即可任意设计样式,表示右侧actions区域,可放置多个widget,通常为icon,如搜索icon、菜单icon
    this.flexibleSpace,
    this.bottom,//PreferredSizeWidget类型,appbar底部区域,通常为Tab控件
    this.elevation,//阴影高度,默认为4
    this.shadowColor,
    this.shape,//ShapeBorder 类型,表示描边形状
    this.backgroundColor,//Color类型,背景色
    this.foregroundColor,
    @Deprecated(
      'This property is no longer used, please use systemOverlayStyle instead. '
      'This feature was deprecated after v2.4.0-0.0.pre.',
    )
    this.brightness,
    this.iconTheme,//IconThemeData类型,可影响包括leading、title、actions中icon的颜色、透明度,及leading中的icon大小。
    this.actionsIconTheme,
    @Deprecated(
      'This property is no longer used, please use toolbarTextStyle and titleTextStyle instead. '
      'This feature was deprecated after v2.4.0-0.0.pre.',
    )
    this.textTheme,
    this.primary = true,
    this.centerTitle,// boolean 类型,表示标题是否居中显示
    this.excludeHeaderSemantics = false,
    this.titleSpacing,
    this.toolbarOpacity = 1.0,
    this.bottomOpacity = 1.0,
    this.toolbarHeight,
    this.leadingWidth,
    @Deprecated(
      'This property is obsolete and is false by default. '
      'This feature was deprecated after v2.4.0-0.0.pre.',
    )
    this.backwardsCompatibility,
    this.toolbarTextStyle,
    this.titleTextStyle,
    this.systemOverlayStyle,
  }) : assert(automaticallyImplyLeading != null),
       assert(elevation == null || elevation >= 0.0),
       assert(primary != null),
       assert(toolbarOpacity != null),
       assert(bottomOpacity != null),
       preferredSize = _PreferredAppBarSize(toolbarHeight, bottom?.preferredSize.height),
       super(key: key);

Flutter 第九课:组件之Scaffold和AppBar和Drawer和FloatingActionButton_第2张图片
actions
Flutter 第九课:组件之Scaffold和AppBar和Drawer和FloatingActionButton_第3张图片

第三:Drawer抽屉布局

 const Drawer({
    Key? key,
    this.backgroundColor,//背景色
    this.elevation,//阴影
    this.shape,//形状
    this.child,
    this.semanticLabel,
  }) : assert(elevation == null || elevation >= 0.0),
       super(key: key);

第四:组件FloatingActionButton悬浮框按钮
FloatingActionButton 是一个悬浮在屏幕上方的按钮,常用于 Scaffold.floatingActionButton。

 const FloatingActionButton({
    Key? key,
    this.child,//子控件,通常为Icon
    this.tooltip,//长按时显示的提示语
    this.foregroundColor,//Icon 与 Text 颜色
    this.backgroundColor,//背景色
    this.focusColor,//聚焦色
    this.hoverColor,//悬浮色
    this.splashColor,//点击时的颜色
    this.heroTag = const _DefaultHeroTag(),//标记
    this.elevation,//阴影高度
    this.focusElevation,//聚焦时阴影高度
    this.hoverElevation,//悬浮时阴影高度
    this.highlightElevation,//高亮时阴影高度
    this.disabledElevation,//不可用时阴影高度
    required this.onPressed,//点击事件
    this.mouseCursor,//鼠标悬停,Web可以了解
    this.mini = false,//默认 false,默认按钮为 56 * 56,当mini 为 true 时,默认大小为 40 * 40,边框padding 各为 4,所以布局大小为 48 * 48
    this.shape,//自定义形状
    this.clipBehavior = Clip.none,//边缘裁剪方式,默认为 Clip.none
    this.focusNode,//焦点节点,例如监听 focusNode 可以实现输入框的开始、结束输入
    this.autofocus = false,//自动聚焦,默认为 false
    this.materialTapTargetSize,//点击区域大小,MaterialTapTargetSize.padded时最小点击区域为48*48,MaterialTapTargetSize.shrinkWrap 时为子组件的实际大小。
    this.isExtended = false,//默认为 false,当使用 extended 方法时为 true
    this.enableFeedback,
  }) : assert(elevation == null || elevation >= 0.0),
       assert(focusElevation == null || focusElevation >= 0.0),
       assert(hoverElevation == null || hoverElevation >= 0.0),
       assert(highlightElevation == null || highlightElevation >= 0.0),
       assert(disabledElevation == null || disabledElevation >= 0.0),
       assert(mini != null),
       assert(clipBehavior != null),
       assert(isExtended != null),
       assert(autofocus != null),
       _floatingActionButtonType = mini ? _FloatingActionButtonType.small : _FloatingActionButtonType.regular,
       _extendedLabel = null,
       extendedIconLabelSpacing = null,
       extendedPadding = null,
       extendedTextStyle = null,
       super(key: key);

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