猴子摘香蕉

注意:不是严格按照一阶谓词逻辑写法,仅供参考

题目:

房内有一个猴子,一个箱子,天花板挂了一串香蕉,其位置如图所示。猴子为了拿到香蕉,它必须把箱子搬到香蕉下面,然后再爬到箱子上。请定义必要的谓词,列出问题的初始化状态(即下图所示状态),目标状态(猴子拿到了香蕉,站在箱子上,箱子位于位置b)
猴子摘香蕉_第1张图片

步骤:

1、定义描述环境状态的谓词

AT(x,y)         x在y处       x={monkey,box,banana}  y={a,b,c}
HOLD(s)         猴子拿着s     s={banana,empty}
ON(z)           z在箱子上     z={monkey,empty}

2、使用谓词、连接词、量词来表示环境状态

初始状态S:
AT(monkey,a)∧AT(banana,b)∧AT(box,c)∧HOLD(empty)∧ON(empty)
目标状态T:
AT(monkey,b)∧AT(banana.b)∧AT(box,b)∧HOLD(banana)∧ON(monkey)

3、从初始状态到目标状态的转化,猴子需要完成一系列的操作,定义操作谓词表示其动作

GO(m,n)    猴子从m处移动到n处        m,n={a,b,c}
MOVE(m,n)  猴子把箱子从m处移到n处    m,n={a,b,c}
CLIME(m)   猴子在m处爬上箱子          m={a,b,c}
PICK(m)    猴子在m处摘到香蕉          m={a,b,c}

这四个操作也可以用条件和动作来表示。条件直接用谓词公式表示,是为完成相应操作所必须具备的条件:当条件中的事实均成立时,则可执行该操作。动作通过前后状态的变化表示,即通过删除或增加谓词公式来描述动作前后的状态。

GO(m,n)    猴子从m处移动到n处        m,n={a,b,c}
条件:AT(monkey,m)
动作_删除:AT(monkey,m)
动作_增加:AT(monkey,n)

MOVE(m,n)  猴子把箱子从m处移到n处    m,n={a,b,c}
条件:AT(monkey,m)∧AT(box,m)
动作_删除:AT(monkey,m)∧AT(box,m)
动作_增加:AT(monkey,n)∧AT(box,n)

CLIME(m)   猴子在m处爬上箱子          m={a,b,c}
条件:AT(monkey,m)∧AT(box,m)∧AT(banana,m)∧ON(empty)
动作_删除:ON(empty)
动作_增加:ON(monkey)

PICK(m)    猴子在m处摘到香蕉          m={a,b,c}
条件:AT(monkey,m)∧AT(box,m)∧AT(banana,m)∧ON(monkey)∧HOLD(empty)
动作_删除:HOLD(empty)
动作_增加:HOLD(banana)

4、按照行动计划,一步步使用操作进行状态变化,直至达到目标状态

AT(monkey,a)∧AT(banana,b)∧AT(box,c)∧HOLD(empty)∧ON(empty)
GO(a,c)
AT(monkey,c)∧AT(banana,b)∧AT(box,c)∧HOLD(empty)∧ON(empty)
MOVE(c,b)
AT(monkey,b)∧AT(banana,b)∧AT(box,b)∧HOLD(empty)∧ON(empty)
CLIME(b)
AT(monkey,b)∧AT(banana,b)∧AT(box,b)∧HOLD(empty)∧ON(monkey)
PICK(b)
AT(monkey,b)∧AT(banana.b)∧AT(box,b)∧HOLD(banana)∧ON(monkey)

5、最终行动操作序列为:

GO(a,c)  MOVE(c,b)  CLIME(b)  PICK(b)

运行结果:

猴子摘香蕉_第2张图片

代码:

#include 
#include 
#include 

using namespace std;

int step = 1;

struct state
{
	string AT_monkey;
	string AT_banana;
	string AT_box;
	string HOLD;
	string ON;
};

void print(struct state s)
{
	cout << "AT(monkey," << s.AT_monkey << "),  ";
	cout << "AT(banana," << s.AT_banana << "),  ";
	cout << "AT(box," << s.AT_box << "),  ";
	cout << "HOLD(" << s.HOLD << "),  ";
	cout << "ON(" << s.ON << ")" << endl;
}

bool go(struct state& s, string pos1, string pos2)
{
	if (s.AT_monkey == pos1)
	{
		s.AT_monkey = pos2;
		cout << "      ==>step" << step++ << ": " << "go(" << pos1 << "," << pos2 << ")" << endl;
		print(s);
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
	return true;
}

bool move(struct state& s, string pos1, string pos2)
{
	if (s.AT_monkey == pos1 && s.AT_box == pos1)
	{
		s.AT_monkey = pos2;
		s.AT_box = pos2;
		cout << "      ==>step" << step++ << ": " << "move(" << pos1 << "," << pos2 << ")" << endl;
		print(s);
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
	return true;
}

bool clime(struct state& s, string pos)
{
	if (s.AT_monkey == pos && s.AT_box == pos && s.AT_banana == pos && s.ON == "empty")
	{
		s.ON = "monkey";
		cout << "      ==>step" << step++ << ": " << "clime(" << pos << ")" << endl;
		print(s);
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
	return true;
}

bool pick(struct state& s, string pos)
{
	if (s.AT_monkey == pos && s.AT_box == pos && s.AT_banana == pos && s.HOLD == "empty" && s.ON == "monkey")
	{
		s.HOLD = "banana";
		cout << "      ==>step" << step++ << ": " << "pick(" << pos << ")" << endl;
		print(s);
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
	return true;
}



int main()
{
	string monkey, banana, box;
	struct state s;

	cout << "Please input the position of monkey,banana,box using a,b,c" << endl;
	cin >> monkey >> banana >> box;
	cout << endl << "The position of monkey,banana,box is showed as follow:" << endl;
	cout << "monkey:  " << monkey << endl;
	cout << "banana:  " << banana << endl;
	cout << "box:     " << box << endl;

	s.AT_monkey = monkey;
	s.AT_banana = banana;
	s.AT_box = box;
	s.HOLD = "empty";
	s.ON = "empty";

	cout << endl << "The operation steps is showed as follow:" << endl;
	print(s);
	go(s, s.AT_monkey, s.AT_box);
	move(s, s.AT_monkey, s.AT_banana);
	clime(s, s.AT_banana);
	pick(s, s.AT_banana);

	cout << endl << endl;

	system("pause");
}

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