深入理解asp.net里的IHttpHandler

原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/wjfluisfigo/archive/2009/07/20/1513524.html

1 、概述
深入理解asp.net里的IHttpHandler_第1张图片
说明:HttpHandler是一个HTTP请求的真正处理中心。在HttpHandler容器中,ASP.NET Framework才调用HttpHandler的ProcessRequest成员方法来对这个HTTP请求进行真正的处理,真正地对客户端请求的服务器页面做出编译和执行,并将处理过后的信息附加在HTTP请求信息流中再次返回到HttpModule中。
2、举例
以一个aspx页面为例,正是在HttpHandler这里,一个aspx页面才被系统处理解析,并将处理完成的结果继续经由HttpModule传递下去,直至到达客户端。当然,对于aspx页面,ASP.NET Framework在默认情况下是交给System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory这个HttpHandlerFactory来处理的。当一个HTTP请求到达这个HttpHandlerFactory时,HttpHandlerFactory会提供出一个HttpHandler容器,交由这个HttpHandler容器来处理这个HTTP请求。 一个HTTP请求都是最终交给一个HttpHandler容器中的ProcessRequest方法来处理的。
3、HttpHandler
(1)实现HttpHandler,必须继承自IHttpHandler接口。下面是这个接口的定义:

Code
using System;
namespace System.Web
{
// Summary:
//     Defines the contract that ASP.NET implements to synchronously process HTTP
//     Web requests using custom HTTP handlers.
public interface IHttpHandler
    {
// Summary:
//     Gets a value indicating whether another request can use the System.Web.IHttpHandler
//     instance.
//
// Returns:
//     true if the System.Web.IHttpHandler instance is reusable; otherwise, false.
//  其他Request是否可以使用IHttpHandler
bool IsReusable { get; }
// Summary:
//     Enables processing of HTTP Web requests by a custom HttpHandler that implements
//     the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface.
//
// Parameters:
//   context:
//     An System.Web.HttpContext object that provides references to the intrinsic
//     server objects (for example, Request, Response, Session, and Server) used
//     to service HTTP requests.
//  处理HttpRequest
void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context);
    }
}

(2)自定义HttpHandler
a、代码
新建一个网站,default.aspx页面:
default.aspx.cs:

Code
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br/>来自Default.aspx页面<br/>");
    }
}

新添一个类库MyHandler,添加一个类如下:

Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.SessionState;
namespace MyHandler
{
/// <summary>
/// 如果要在HttpHandler容器中使用Session,必须要实现IRequiresSessionState接口
/// </summary>
public class MyTestHandler : IHttpHandler, IRequiresSessionState
    {
public bool IsReusable
        {
get { return true; }
        }
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            context.Response.Write("<h3><b>This is a HttpHandler Test</b></h3>");
            context.Session["Test"] = "<h3><span style=\"color:blue;\">在HttpHandler容器中调用Session</span></h3>";
            context.Response.Write(context.Session["Test"]);
        }
    }
}

要在HttpHandler使用Session,我在旧文aspx,ascx和ashx使用小结里已经提及。
b、配置文件
在web.config文件的system.web节点下,添加:
      <httpHandlers>        
        <add verb="*" path="*" type="MyHandler.MyTestHandler, MyHandler"/>
      </httpHandlers>
c、注意
<1>、.NET为asp.net提供了很多系统默认HttpHandler类,用来适应不同类型的HttpRequest。比如aspx,在machine.config中是这样定义的:   
        <add verb="*" path="*.aspx" type="System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory"/>
这就说明遇到aspx的Request请求,asp.net会将其交给System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory的HttpHandler类来处理。
<2>、如果自己定义了新的HttpHandler,而且在web.config中指定,则系统只会使用这个新的HttpHandler,而不再使用原先默认的或者指定的.

<3>、直接拷贝类库的bin目录下的文件到网站bin下.
4、HttpHandlerFactory
ASP.NET Framework实际不直接将相关的页面资源HTTP请求定位到一个其内部默认的IHttpHandler容器之上,而定位到了其内部默认的IHttpHandler工厂上。IHttpHandler工厂的作用是对IHttpHandler容器进行调度和管理,这样做的优点是大大增强了系统的负荷性,提升了效率。
(1)IHttpHandlerFactory接口
IHttpHandlerFactory接口包含两个方法:GetHandler方法返回实现IHttpHandler接口的类的实例,ReleaseHandler方法使工厂可以重用现有的处理程序实例。

Code
using System;
using System.Web;
namespace System.Web.UI
{
// Summary:
//     Creates instances of classes that inherit from the System.Web.UI.Page class
//     and implement the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface. Instances are created
//     dynamically to handle requests for ASP.NET files. The System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory
//     class is the default handler factory implementation for ASP.NET pages.  
public class PageHandlerFactory : System.Web.IHttpHandlerFactory2, IHttpHandlerFactory
    {
// Summary:
//     Initializes a new instance of the System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory class.
protected internal PageHandlerFactory();
// Summary:
//     Returns an instance of the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface to process the
//     requested resource.
//
// Parameters:
//   context:
//     An instance of the System.Web.HttpContext class that provides references
//     to intrinsic server objects (for example, Request, Response, Session, and
//     Server) used to service HTTP requests.
//
//   requestType:
//     The HTTP data transfer method (GET or POST) that the client uses.
//
//   virtualPath:
//     The virtual path to the requested resource.
//
//   path:
//     The System.Web.HttpRequest.PhysicalApplicationPath property to the requested
//     resource.
//
// Returns:
//     A new System.Web.IHttpHandler that processes the request; otherwise, null.
public virtual IHttpHandler GetHandler(HttpContext context, string requestType, string virtualPath, string path);
//
// Summary:
//     Enables a factory to reuse an existing instance of a handler.
//
// Parameters:
//   handler:
//     The System.Web.IHttpHandler to reuse.
public virtual void ReleaseHandler(IHttpHandler handler);
    }
}

(2) 实现一个简单的HttpHandler工厂
类库新添一个文件MyHandlerFactor.cs:

Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
namespace MyHandler
{
public class MyHandlerFactory : IHttpHandlerFactory
    {
public IHttpHandler GetHandler(HttpContext context, string requestType, string url, string pathTranslated)
        {
string fileName = url.Substring(url.LastIndexOf('/') + 1);
string objName = fileName.Substring(0, fileName.IndexOf('.'));
string className = "MyHandler." + objName;
object objHandler = null;
try
            {
// 采用动态反射机制创建相应的IHttpHandler实现类。
                objHandler = Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType(className));
                context.Response.Write(className);
//context.Response.Redirect("default.aspx");
            }
catch (Exception e)
            {
throw new HttpException("工厂不能为类型" + objName + "创建实例。", e);
            }
return (IHttpHandler)objHandler;
        }
public void ReleaseHandler(IHttpHandler handler)
        {
        }
    }
public class Handler1 : IHttpHandler
    {
public bool IsReusable
        {
get { return true; }
        }
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            context.Response.Write("<br/>这是来自于MyHandlerFactory里的处理.<br/>");
            context.Response.Write("<h3>来自Handler1的信息.</h3>");
        }
    }
public class Handler2 : IHttpHandler
    {
public bool IsReusable
        {
get { return true; }
        }
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            context.Response.Write("<br/>这是来自于MyHandlerFactory里的处理.<br/>");
            context.Response.Write("<h3>来自Handler2的信息.</h3>");
        }
    }
}

网站新添两个文件,Handler1.aspx和Handler2.aspx。它们的cs文件:

Code
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class Handler1 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
           Response.Write("这是来自于MyHandler页面直接输出..."); //这一句不起作用了,MyHandlerFactory已经对该页面的HttpContext进行了处理
    }
}

接着重新修改配置文件:
      <httpHandlers> 
           <add verb="*" path="Handler1.aspx" type="MyHandler.MyHandlerFactory, MyHandler"/>
           <add verb="*" path="Handler2.aspx" type="MyHandler.MyHandlerFactory, MyHandler"/>
      </httpHandlers>
到这里,针对Handler1.aspx和Handler2.aspx两个页面的http请求我们就通过HttpHandler工厂处理好了。
5、HttpHandler和HttpModule的区别
主要有两点:
(1)先后次序.先IHttpModule,后IHttpHandler,IHttpHandler处理结束后再交给IHttpModule;
(2)对请求的处理上:
        IHttpModule是属于大小通吃类型,无论客户端请求的是什么文件,都会调用到它;例如aspx,html,rar的请求;
        IHttpHandler则属于挑食类型,只有asp.net注册过的文件类型(例如aspx,ascx,asmx等等)才会轮到调用它。

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