《SpringBoot篇》14.@AutoConfigureMockMvc测试类实现Web层测试
陈老老老板 说明：学习一些新的技术栈，边学习边总结，各位一起加油。需要注意的地方都标红了，还有资源的分享. 一起加油。
说明：其实使用PostMan或者PostApi等软件测试效果是一样的，但是又不能不知道可以在测试类中实现，就当拓展知识了解吧。之后我会写一篇关于各种测试软件不同点的博客，可以关注一下。
1.测试类实现Web层测试
说明：本文是在springboot项目中实现的哦。
（1）在测试类上添加@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@SpringBootTest()
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {
@Test
void WebFindTest() {
}
}
（2）在SpringBootTest注解中添加参数webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//开启虚拟MVC调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class WebTest {
@Test
void testWeb(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) {
}
}
注：这里WebEnvironment几个参数的含义：
- MOCK：根据当前设置确认是否启动web环境，例如使用了Servlet的API就启动web环境，属于适配性的配置
- DEFINED_PORT：使用自定义的端口作为web服务器端口
- RANDOM_PORT：使用随机端口作为web服务器端口( 建议使用，防止端口冲突)
- NONE：不启动web环境
（3）引入MockMvc对象创建访问请求
注：测试可以发现请求成功，测试发送请求可以成功但是无法看到结果，在下一步就可以看到了。
注：web层Controller代码
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.example.demo.pojo.Admin;
import com.example.demo.repository.AdminRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class WebController {
@GetMapping("findWeb")
@ResponseBody
public String finall(){
return "Web测试成功";
}
}
注：测试类代码
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {
//引入MockMvc类型对象
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
void WebFindTest() throws Exception {
//http://localhost:8080/findWeb
//创建虚拟请求
//前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
//这里需要抛出异常
mvc.perform(builder);
}
}
测试成功效果：
（4）实现请求结果对比
注： 响应对比有四种类型，响应状态匹配、响应体匹配（非json数据格式）、响应体匹配（json数据格式，开发中的主流使用方式）、响应头信息匹配。
a.响应状态匹配
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {
//引入MockMvc类型对象
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
void WebFindTest() throws Exception {
//http://localhost:8080/findWeb
//创建虚拟请求
//前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
//这里需要抛出异常
//获取返回值
ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);
//设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
//定义本次调用的预期值
StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
//预计本次调用时成功的：状态200
ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
//添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
perform.andExpect(ok);
}
}
b.响应体匹配（非json数据格式）
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {
//引入MockMvc类型对象
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
void WebFindTest() throws Exception {
//http://localhost:8080/findWeb
//创建虚拟请求
//前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
//这里需要抛出异常
//获取返回值
ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);
//设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
//定义本次调用的预期值
ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
//预计本次调用时成功的：状态200
ResultMatcher resultMatcher = content.string("Web测试成功");
//添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
perform.andExpect(resultMatcher);
}
}
测试成功将会访问成功，给大家看一下失败的样式：（会报错）
c.响应体匹配（json数据格式，开发中的主流使用方式）
Controller类也要改成返回Json
package com.example.demo.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class WebController {
@GetMapping("findWeb")
@ResponseBody
public String finall(){
return "{\"name\" : Web测试成功}";
}
}
注意测试类Json写法：
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {
//引入MockMvc类型对象
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
void WebFindTest() throws Exception {
//http://localhost:8080/findWeb
//创建虚拟请求
//前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
//这里需要抛出异常
//获取返回值
ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);
//设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
//定义本次调用的预期值
ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
//这里注意Json写法格式
ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\"name\":Web测试成功}");
//添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
perform.andExpect(result);
}
}
d.响应头信息匹配
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {
//引入MockMvc类型对象
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
void WebFindTest() throws Exception {
//http://localhost:8080/findWeb
//创建虚拟请求
//前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
//这里需要抛出异常
//获取返回值
ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);
//响应头
HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
ResultMatcher contentType = header.string("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
perform.andExpect(contentType);
}
}
（4）校验总结
注： 平时都是三种校验一起，（Json与非Json只能一种）
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {
//引入MockMvc类型对象
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
void WebFindTest() throws Exception {
//http://localhost:8080/findWeb
//创建虚拟请求
//前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
//这里需要抛出异常
//获取返回值
ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);
//设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
//定义本次调用的预期值
//响应状态
StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
perform.andExpect(ok);
//响应头
HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
ResultMatcher contentType = header.string("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
perform.andExpect(contentType);
//返回的响应体
ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\"name\":Web测试成功}");
perform.andExpect(result);
}
}
2.补充测试层实现数据回滚
说明：使用@Transactional，@Rollback(true)防止执行测试类产生垃圾数据。
package com.example.demo;
import com.example.demo.pojo.Admin;
import com.example.demo.repository.AdminRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.Date;
@SpringBootTest()
@Transactional
@Rollback
class RollbackTests {
@Autowired
private AdminRepository adminRepository;
@Test
void WebFindTest() {
Admin admin = new Admin();
admin.setPassword("123");
adminRepository.save(admin);
}
}
3.补充测试用例数据随机
说明： 在配置文件中设置数据为随机，配合@ConfigurationProperties实现随机值注入
test:
book:
id: ${random.int}
id2: ${random.int(10)}
type: ${random.int!5,10!}
name: ${random.value}
uuid: ${random.uuid}
publishTime: ${random.long}
@Component
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "test.book")
public class BookCase {
private int id;
private int id2;
private int type;
private String name;
private String uuid;
private long publishTime;
}
总结：这篇是对测试类进行知识补充，多了解一下，总是没有坏处的。希望对您有帮助，感谢阅读
结束语：裸体一旦成为艺术，便是最圣洁的。道德一旦沦为虚伪，便是最下流的。
勇敢去做你认为正确的事，不要被世俗的流言蜚语所困扰。