Kubernets+Jenkins+Harbor 持续集成交付实战

一、环境搭建

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1、Kubernets简介

Kubernetes简称K8S,是一个全新的基于容器技术的分布式架构领先方案,基于容器技术,目的是实现资源管理的自动化,以及跨多个数据中心的资源利用率的最大化。

如果我们的系统设计遵循了kubernetes的设计思想,那么传统系统架构中那些和业务没有多大关系的底层代码或功能模块,都可以使用K8S来管理,我们不必再费心于负载均衡的选型和部署实施问题,不必再考虑引入或自己开发一个复杂的服务治理框架,不必再头疼与服务监控和故障处理模块的开发。总之,使用kubernetes提供的解决方案,会大大减少开发成本,同时可以将精力更加集中于业务本身,而且由于kubernetes提供了强大的自动化机制,所以系统后期的运维难度和运维成本大幅降低。

2、为什么要用Kubernets

Docker这个新兴的容器化技术当前已经被很多公司所采用,其从单机走向集群已成必然,而云计算的蓬勃发展正在加速这一进程。Kubernetes 作为当前唯一被业界广泛认可和看好的 Docker 分布式系统解决方案。可以预见,在未来几年内,会有大量的新系统选择它,不管是运行在企业本地服务器上还是被托管到公有云上。

使用Kubernetes就是在全面部署微服务架构。微服务架构的核心就是将一个巨大的单体应用分解为很多小的互相连接的微服务,一个微服务背后可能有多个实例副本在支撑,副本的数量可能会随着系统的负荷变化而进行调整,内嵌的负载均衡器在 k8s 平台中有多个实例副本在支撑,副本的数量可能会随着系统的负荷变化而进行调整,内嵌的负载均衡器 在k8s 平台中发挥了重要的作用。微服务架构使得每个服务都可以由专门的开发团队来开发,开发者可以自由选择开发技术,这对于大规模团队来说很有价值。另外,每个微服务独立开发、升级、扩展,使得系统具备很高的稳定性和快速迭代进化能力。

3、环境构成

整套环境的搭建包含:Docker环境的搭建、docker-compose环境的搭建、K8S集群的搭建、GitLab代码仓库的搭建、SVN仓库的搭建、Jenkins自动化部署环境的搭建、Harbor私有仓库的搭建。

整套环境的搭建包括:

  • 安装Docker环境
  • 安装docker-compose
  • 安装K8S集群环境
  • 重启K8S集群引起的问题
  • K8S安装ingress-nginx
  • K8S安装gitlab代码仓库
  • 安装Harbor私有仓库
  • 安装Jenkins
  • 物理机安装SVN(推荐)
  • 物理机安装Jenkins(推荐)
  • 配置Jenkins运行环境
  • Jenkins发布Docker项目到K8S

服务器规划:

IP 主机名 节点 操作系统
192.168.0.10 test10 K8S Master CentOS 8.0.1905
192.168.0.11 test11 K8S Worker CentOS 8.0.1905
192.168.0.12 test12 K8S Worker CentOS 8.0.1905

安装环境:

软件名称 软件版本 说明
Docker 19.03.8 提供容器环境
docker-compose 1.25.5 定义和运行由多个容器组成的应用
K8S 1.18.2 是一个开源的,用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用,Kubernetes的目标是让部署容器化的应用简单并且高效(powerful),Kubernetes提供了应用部署,规划,更新,维护的一种机制。
GitLab 12.1.6 代码仓库
Harbor 1.10.2 私有镜像仓库
Jenkins 2.222.3 持续集成交付

二、基础环境安装

1、Docker安装

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎,基于 Go 语言 并遵从 Apache2.0 协议开源。

Docker 可以让开发者打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个轻量级、可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上,也可以实现虚拟化。

本文档基于Docker 19.03.8 版本搭建Docker环境。

在所有服务器上创建install_docker.sh脚本,脚本内容如下所示:

#使用阿里云镜像中心
export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
#安装yum工具
dnf install yum*
#安装docker环境
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
#配置Docker的yum源
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#安装容器插件
dnf install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.2.13-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
#指定安装docker 19.03.8版本
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.8 docker-ce-cli-19.03.8
#设置Docker开机启动
systemctl enable docker.service
#启动Docker
systemctl start docker.service
#查看Docker版本
docker version

在每台服务器上为install_docker.sh脚本赋予可执行权限,并执行脚本,如下所示:

# 赋予install_docker.sh脚本可执行权限
chmod a+x ./install_docker.sh
# 执行install_docker.sh脚本
./install_docker.sh

2、安装docker-compose

Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。通过 Compose,您可以使用 YML 文件来配置应用程序需要的所有服务。然后,使用一个命令,就可以从 YML 文件配置中创建并启动所有服务。

注意:在每台服务器上安装docker-compose

载docker-compose文件:

#下载并安装docker-compose
curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.5/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 

为docker-compose文件赋予可执行权限:

#赋予docker-compose可执行权限
chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

查看docker-compose版本:

#查看docker-compose版本
[root@centos ~]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.25.5, build 8a1c60f6
docker-py version: 4.1.0
CPython version: 3.7.5
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l  10 Sep 2019

三、安装K8S集群环境

Kubernetes是一个开源的,用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用,Kubernetes的目标是让部署容器化的应用简单并且高效(powerful),Kubernetes提供了应用部署,规划,更新,维护的一种机制。

基于K8S 1.8.12版本来搭建K8S集群。

1、安装K8S基础环境

在所有服务器上创建install_k8s.sh脚本文件,脚本文件的内容如下所示:

#################配置阿里云镜像加速器开始########################
mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
######################配置阿里云镜像加速器结束#########################
#安装nfs-utils
yum install -y nfs-utils
#安装wget软件下载命令
yum install -y wget

#启动nfs-server
systemctl start nfs-server
#配置nfs-server开机自启动
systemctl enable nfs-server

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
#取消防火墙开机自启动
systemctl disable firewalld

#关闭SeLinux
setenforce 0
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭 swap
swapoff -a
yes | cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak
cat /etc/fstab_bak |grep -v swap > /etc/fstab

############################修改 /etc/sysctl.conf开始###########################
# 如果有配置,则修改
sed -i "s#^net.ipv4.ip_forward.*#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
# 可能没有,追加
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf
############################修改 /etc/sysctl.conf结束###########################
# 执行命令使修改后的/etc/sysctl.conf文件生效
sysctl -p

################# 配置K8S的yum源开始#############################
cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
################# 配置K8S的yum源结束#############################

# 卸载旧版本K8S
yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl,这里我安装的是1.18.2版本,你也可以安装1.17.2版本
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.2 kubeadm-1.18.2 kubectl-1.18.2

# 修改docker Cgroup Driver为systemd
# # 将/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service文件中的这一行 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
# # 修改为 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd
# 如果不修改,在添加 worker 节点时可能会碰到如下错误
# [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". 
# Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
sed -i "s#^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.*#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd#g" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

# 设置 docker 镜像,提高 docker 镜像下载速度和稳定性
# 如果访问 https://hub.docker.io 速度非常稳定,也可以跳过这个步骤,一般不需配置
# curl -sSL https://kuboard.cn/install-script/set_mirror.sh | sh -s ${REGISTRY_MIRROR}

# 重新加载配置文件
systemctl daemon-reload
#重启 docker
systemctl restart docker
# 将kubelet设置为开机启动并启动kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
# 查看docker版本
docker version

在每台服务器上为install_k8s.sh脚本赋予可执行权限,并执行脚本:

# 赋予install_k8s.sh脚本可执行权限
chmod a+x ./install_k8s.sh
# 运行install_k8s.sh脚本
./install_k8s.sh

2、初始化Master节点

只在test10服务器上执行的操作。

1)初始化Master节点的网络环境

注意:下面的命令需要在命令行手动执行。

# 只在 master 节点执行
# export 命令只在当前 shell 会话中有效,开启新的 shell 窗口后,如果要继续安装过程,请重新执行此处的 export 命令
export MASTER_IP=192.168.0.10
# 替换 k8s.master 为 您想要的 dnsName
export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master
# Kubernetes 容器组所在的网段,该网段安装完成后,由 kubernetes 创建,事先并不存在于物理网络中
export POD_SUBNET=172.18.0.1/16
echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts

2)初始化Master节点

在test10服务器上创建init_master.sh脚本文件,文件内容如下所示:

#!/bin/bash
# 脚本出错时终止执行
set -e

if [ ${#POD_SUBNET} -eq 0 ] || [ ${#APISERVER_NAME} -eq 0 ]; then
  echo -e "\033[31;1m请确保您已经设置了环境变量 POD_SUBNET 和 APISERVER_NAME \033[0m"
  echo 当前POD_SUBNET=$POD_SUBNET
  echo 当前APISERVER_NAME=$APISERVER_NAME
  exit 1
fi


# 查看完整配置选项 https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2
rm -f ./kubeadm-config.yaml
cat < ./kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.2
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
controlPlaneEndpoint: "${APISERVER_NAME}:6443"
networking:
  serviceSubnet: "10.96.0.0/16"
  podSubnet: "${POD_SUBNET}"
  dnsDomain: "cluster.local"
EOF

# kubeadm init
# 初始化kebeadm
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs

# 配置 kubectl
rm -rf /root/.kube/
mkdir /root/.kube/
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config

# 安装 calico 网络插件
# 参考文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.13/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises
echo "安装calico-3.13.1"
rm -f calico-3.13.1.yaml
wget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/calico/calico-3.13.1.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico-3.13.1.yaml

赋予init_master.sh脚本文件可执行权限并执行脚本:

# 赋予init_master.sh文件可执行权限
chmod a+x ./init_master.sh
# 运行init_master.sh脚本
./init_master.sh

3)查看Master节点的初始化结果

确保所有容器组处于Running状态:

# 执行如下命令,等待 3-10 分钟,直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态
watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide

具体执行如下所示:

[root@test10 ~]# watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
Every 2.0s: kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide                                                                                                                          test10: Sun May 10 11:01:32 2020

NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP                NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES          
calico-kube-controllers-5b8b769fcd-5dtlp   1/1     Running   0          118s   172.18.203.66     test10                        
calico-node-fnv8g                          1/1     Running   0          118s   192.168.0.10   test10                        
coredns-546565776c-27t7h                   1/1     Running   0          2m1s   172.18.203.67     test10                        
coredns-546565776c-hjb8z                   1/1     Running   0          2m1s   172.18.203.65     test10                        
etcd-test10                             1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.0.10   test10                        
kube-apiserver-test10                   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.0.10   test10                        
kube-controller-manager-test10          1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.0.10   test10                        
kube-proxy-dvgsr                           1/1     Running   0          2m1s   192.168.0.10   test10                        
kube-scheduler-test10                   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.0.10   test10    

查看Master节点初始化结果:

# 查看Master节点的初始化结果
kubectl get nodes -o wide

具体执行如下所示:

[root@test10 ~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION   INTERNAL-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION         CONTAINER-RUNTIME
test10   Ready    master   3m28s   v1.18.2   192.168.0.10           CentOS Linux 8 (Core)   4.18.0-80.el8.x86_64   docker://19.3.8

3、初始化Worker节点

1)获取join命令参数

在Master节点(test10服务器)上执行如下命令获取join命令参数:

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

具体执行如下所示:

[root@test10 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
W0510 11:04:34.828126   56132 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]
kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d 

其中,有如下一行输出:

kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d

这行代码就是获取到的join命令。

注意:join命令中的token的有效时间为 2 个小时,2小时内,可以使用此 token 初始化任意数量的 worker 节点。

2)初始化Worker节点

针对所有的 worker 节点执行,在这里,就是在test11服务器和test12服务器上执行。

在命令分别手动执行如下命令:

# 只在 worker 节点执行
# 192.168.0.10 为 master 节点的内网 IP
export MASTER_IP=192.168.0.10
# 替换 k8s.master 为初始化 master 节点时所使用的 APISERVER_NAME
export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master
echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts

# 替换为 master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令输出的join
kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d 

具体执行如下所示:

[root@test11 ~]# export MASTER_IP=192.168.0.10
[root@test11 ~]# export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master
[root@test11 ~]# echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts
[root@test11 ~]# kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d 
W0510 11:08:27.709263   42795 join.go:346] [preflight] WARNING: JoinControlPane.controlPlane settings will be ignored when control-plane flag is not set.
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.18" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

根据输出结果可以看出,Worker节点加入了K8S集群。

注意:kubeadm join…就是master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令输出的join。

3)查看初始化结果

在Master节点(test10服务器)执行如下命令查看初始化结果:

kubectl get nodes -o wide

具体执行如下所示:

[root@test10 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
test10   Ready    master   20m     v1.18.2
test11   Ready       2m46s   v1.18.2
test12   Ready       2m46s   v1.18.2

注意:kubectl get nodes命令后面加上-o wide参数可以输出更多的信息。

4、重启K8S集群引起的问题

1)Worker节点故障不能启动

Master 节点的 IP 地址发生变化,导致 worker 节点不能启动。需要重新安装K8S集群,并确保所有节点都有固定的内网 IP 地址。

2)Pod崩溃或不能正常访问

重启服务器后,使用如下命令查看Pod的运行状态:

#查看所有pod的运行情况
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

发现很多 Pod 不在 Running 状态,此时,需要使用如下命令删除运行不正常的Pod:

kubectl delete pod  -n 

注意:如果Pod 是使用 Deployment、StatefulSet 等控制器创建的,K8S 将创建新的 Pod 作为替代,重新启动的 Pod 通常能够正常工作。

其中,pod-name表示运行在K8S中的pod的名称,pod-namespece表示命名空间。例如,需要删除pod名称为pod-test,命名空间为pod-test-namespace的pod,可以使用下面的命令。

kubectl delete pod pod-test -n pod-test-namespace

四、K8S安装ingress-nginx

作为反向代理将外部流量导入集群内部,将 Kubernetes 内部的 Service 暴露给外部,在 Ingress 对象中通过域名匹配 Service,这样就可以直接通过域名访问到集群内部的服务了。相对于 traefik 来说,nginx-ingress 性能更加优秀。

注意:在Master节点(test10服务器上执行)

1、创建ingress-nginx命名空间

创建ingress-nginx-namespace.yaml文件,主要的作用是创建ingress-nginx命名空间,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    name: ingress-nginx

执行如下命令创建ingress-nginx命名空间:

kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx-namespace.yaml

2、安装ingress controller

创建ingress-nginx-mandatory.yaml文件,主要的作用是安装ingress-nginx。

文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
        - name: default-http-backend
          # Any image is permissible as long as:
          # 1. It serves a 404 page at /
          # 2. It serves 200 on a /healthz endpoint
          image: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 8080
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 5
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 20Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 20Mi

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "-"
      # Here: "-"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/nginx-ingress-controller:0.20.0
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-http-backend
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            # www-data -> 33
            runAsUser: 33
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1

---

执行如下命令安装ingress controller:

kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx-mandatory.yaml

3、安装K8S SVC:ingress-nginx

主要是用来用于暴露pod:nginx-ingress-controller。

创建service-nodeport.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 30080
    - name: https
      port: 443
      targetPort: 443
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 30443
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

执行如下命令安装:

kubectl apply -f service-nodeport.yaml

4、访问K8S SVC

查看ingress-nginx命名空间的部署情况,如下所示:

[root@test10 k8s]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
default-http-backend-796ddcd9b-vfmgn        1/1     Running   1          10h
nginx-ingress-controller-58985cc996-87754   1/1     Running   2          10h

命令行服务器命令行输入如下命令查看ingress-nginx的端口映射情况:

kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx

具体如下所示:

[root@test10 k8s]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx 
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
default-http-backend   ClusterIP   10.96.247.2           80/TCP                       7m3s
ingress-nginx          NodePort    10.96.40.6            80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP   4m35s

所以,可以通过Master节点(test10服务器)的IP地址和30080端口号来访问ingress-nginx,如下所示:

[root@test10 k8s]# curl 192.168.0.10:30080       
default backend - 404

也可以在浏览器打开http://192.168.0.10:30080 来访问ingress-nginx。

五、K8S安装gitlab代码仓库

GitLab是由GitLabInc.开发,使用MIT许可证的基于网络的Git仓库管理工具,且具有Wiki和issue跟踪功能。使用Git作为代码管理工具,并在此基础上搭建起来的web服务。

注意:在Master节点(test10服务器上执行)

1、创建k8s-ops命名空间

创建k8s-ops-namespace.yaml文件,主要作用是创建k8s-ops命名空间。

文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: k8s-ops

执行如下命令创建命名空间:

kubectl apply -f k8s-ops-namespace.yaml

2、安装gitlab-redis

创建gitlab-redis.yaml文件,文件的内容如下所示:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: redis
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: redis
  template:
    metadata:
      name: redis
      labels:
        name: redis
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: redis
        image: sameersbn/redis
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - name: redis
          containerPort: 6379
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/redis
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - redis-cli
            - ping
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - redis-cli
            - ping
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 5
      volumes:
      - name: data
        hostPath:
          path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/redis

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: redis
spec:
  ports:
    - name: redis
      port: 6379
      targetPort: redis
  selector:
    name: redis

首先,在命令行执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/redis目录:

mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/redis

执行如下命令安装gitlab-redis:

kubectl apply -f gitlab-redis.yaml 

3、安装gitlab-postgresql

创建gitlab-postgresql.yaml,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: postgresql
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: postgresql
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: postgresql
  template:
    metadata:
      name: postgresql
      labels:
        name: postgresql
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: postgresql
        image: sameersbn/postgresql
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        env:
        - name: DB_USER
          value: gitlab
        - name: DB_PASS
          value: passw0rd
        - name: DB_NAME
          value: gitlab_production
        - name: DB_EXTENSION
          value: pg_trgm
        ports:
        - name: postgres
          containerPort: 5432
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      volumes:
      - name: data
        hostPath:
          path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: postgresql
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: postgresql
spec:
  ports:
    - name: postgres
      port: 5432
      targetPort: postgres
  selector:
    name: postgresql

首先,执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql目录:

mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql

接下来,安装gitlab-postgresql,如下所示:

kubectl apply -f gitlab-postgresql.yaml

4、安装gitlab

1)配置用户名和密码

首先,在命令行使用base64编码为用户名和密码进行转码,本示例中,使用的用户名为admin,密码为admin.1231

转码情况如下所示:

[root@test10 k8s]# echo -n 'admin' | base64 
YWRtaW4=
[root@test10 k8s]# echo -n 'admin.1231' | base64 
YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==

转码后的用户名为:YWRtaW4= 密码为:YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==

也可以对base64编码后的字符串解码,例如,对密码字符串解码,如下所示:

[root@test10 k8s]# echo 'YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==' | base64 --decode 
admin.1231

接下来,创建secret-gitlab.yaml文件,主要是用户来配置GitLab的用户名和密码,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  namespace: k8s-ops
  name: git-user-pass
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4=
  password: YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==

执行配置文件的内容,如下所示:

kubectl create -f ./secret-gitlab.yaml

2)安装GitLab

创建gitlab.yaml文件,文件的内容如下所示:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: gitlab
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: gitlab
  template:
    metadata:
      name: gitlab
      labels:
        name: gitlab
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: gitlab
        image: sameersbn/gitlab:12.1.6
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        env:
        - name: TZ
          value: Asia/Shanghai
        - name: GITLAB_TIMEZONE
          value: Beijing
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_DB_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_SECRET_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_OTP_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: git-user-pass
              key: password
        - name: GITLAB_ROOT_EMAIL
          value: [email protected]
        - name: GITLAB_HOST
          value: gitlab.yyds.com
        - name: GITLAB_PORT
          value: "80"
        - name: GITLAB_SSH_PORT
          value: "30022"
        - name: GITLAB_NOTIFY_ON_BROKEN_BUILDS
          value: "true"
        - name: GITLAB_NOTIFY_PUSHER
          value: "false"
        - name: GITLAB_BACKUP_SCHEDULE
          value: daily
        - name: GITLAB_BACKUP_TIME
          value: 01:00
        - name: DB_TYPE
          value: postgres
        - name: DB_HOST
          value: postgresql
        - name: DB_PORT
          value: "5432"
        - name: DB_USER
          value: gitlab
        - name: DB_PASS
          value: passw0rd
        - name: DB_NAME
          value: gitlab_production
        - name: REDIS_HOST
          value: redis
        - name: REDIS_PORT
          value: "6379"
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
        - name: ssh
          containerPort: 22
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /home/git/data
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 180
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      volumes:
      - name: data
        hostPath:
          path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: gitlab
spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      nodePort: 30088
    - name: ssh
      port: 22
      targetPort: ssh
      nodePort: 30022
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    name: gitlab

---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: k8s-ops
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
  rules:
  - host: gitlab.yyds.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: gitlab
          servicePort: http

注意:在配置GitLab时,监听主机时,不能使用IP地址,需要使用主机名或者域名,上述配置中,我使用的是gitlab.yyds.com主机名。

在命令行执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab目录。

mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab

安装GitLab,如下所示:

kubectl apply -f gitlab.yaml

5、安装完成

查看k8s-ops命名空间部署情况,如下所示:

[root@test10 k8s]# kubectl get pod -n k8s-ops
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
gitlab-7b459db47c-5vk6t       0/1     Running   0          11s
postgresql-79567459d7-x52vx   1/1     Running   0          30m
redis-67f4cdc96c-h5ckz        1/1     Running   1          10h

也可以使用如下命令查看:

[root@test10 k8s]# kubectl get pod --namespace=k8s-ops
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
gitlab-7b459db47c-5vk6t       0/1     Running   0          36s
postgresql-79567459d7-x52vx   1/1     Running   0          30m
redis-67f4cdc96c-h5ckz        1/1     Running   1          10h

二者效果一样。

接下来,查看GitLab的端口映射,如下所示:

[root@test10 k8s]# kubectl get svc -n k8s-ops
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                     AGE
gitlab       NodePort    10.96.153.100           80:30088/TCP,22:30022/TCP   2m42s
postgresql   ClusterIP   10.96.203.119           5432/TCP                    32m
redis        ClusterIP   10.96.107.150           6379/TCP                    10h

此时,可以看到,可以通过Master节点(test10)的主机名gitlab.yyds.com和端口30088就能够访问GitLab。由于我这里使用的是虚拟机来搭建相关的环境,在本机访问虚拟机映射的gitlab.yyds.com时,需要配置本机的hosts文件,在本机的hosts文件中加入如下配置项。

192.168.0.10 gitlab.yyds.com

注意:在Windows操作系统中,hosts文件所在的目录如下:

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

接下来,就可以在浏览器中通过链接:http://gitlab.yyds.com:30088 来访问GitLab了,如下所示。

此时,可以通过用户名root和密码admin.1231来登录GitLab了。

注意:这里的用户名是root而不是admin,因为root是GitLab默认的超级用户。

到此,K8S安装gitlab完成。

六、安装Harbor私有仓库

Habor是由VMWare公司开源的容器镜像仓库。事实上,Habor是在Docker Registry上进行了相应的企业级扩展,从而获得了更加广泛的应用,这些新的企业级特性包括:管理用户界面,基于角色的访问控制 ,AD/LDAP集成以及审计日志等,足以满足基本企业需求。

注意:这里将Harbor私有仓库安装在Master节点(test10服务器)上,实际生产环境中建议安装在其他服务器。

1、下载Harbor的离线安装版本

wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v1.10.2/harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.2.tgz

2、解压Harbor的安装包

tar -zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.2.tgz

解压成功后,会在服务器当前目录生成一个harbor目录。

3、配置Harbor

注意:这里,我将Harbor的端口修改成了1180,如果不修改Harbor的端口,默认的端口是80。

1)修改harbor.yml文件

cd harbor
vim harbor.yml

修改的配置项如下所示:

hostname: 192.168.0.10
http:
  port: 1180
harbor_admin_password: yyds123
###并把https注释掉,不然在安装的时候会报错:ERROR:root:Error: The protocol is https but attribute ssl_cert is not set
#https:
  #port: 443
  #certificate: /your/certificate/path
  #private_key: /your/private/key/path

2)修改daemon.json文件

修改/etc/docker/daemon.json文件,没有的话就创建,在/etc/docker/daemon.json文件中添加如下内容:

[root@centos ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "insecure-registries":["192.168.0.10:1180"]
}

也可以在服务器上使用 ip addr 命令查看本机所有的IP地址段,将其配置到/etc/docker/daemon.json文件中。

这里,我配置后的文件内容如下所示:

{
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
    "insecure-registries":["192.168.175.0/16","172.17.0.0/16", "172.18.0.0/16", "172.16.29.0/16", "192.168.0.10:1180"]
}

4、安装并启动harbor

配置完成后,输入如下命令即可安装并启动Harbor:

[root@centos harbor]# ./install.sh 

5、登录Harbor并添加账户

安装成功后,在浏览器地址栏输入http://192.168.0.10:1180打开链接,输入用户名admin和密码yyds123,登录系统。

接下来,我们选择用户管理,添加一个管理员账户,为后续打包Docker镜像和上传Docker镜像做准备。

密码为yyds123。点击确,此时,账户yyds还不是管理员,此时选中yyds账户,点击“设置为管理员”。此时,yyds账户就被设置为管理员了。

到此,Harbor的安装就完成了。

6、修改Harbor端口

如果安装Harbor后,大家需要修改Harbor的端口,可以按照如下步骤修改Harbor的端口,这里,我以将80端口修改为1180端口为例

1)修改harbor.yml文件

cd harbor
vim harbor.yml

修改的配置项如下所示:

hostname: 192.168.0.10
http:
  port: 1180
harbor_admin_password: yyds123
###并把https注释掉,不然在安装的时候会报错:ERROR:root:Error: The protocol is https but attribute ssl_cert is not set
#https:
  #port: 443
  #certificate: /your/certificate/path
  #private_key: /your/private/key/path

2)修改docker-compose.yml文件

vim docker-compose.yml

修改的配置项如下所示:

ports:
      - 1180:80

3)修改config.yml文件

cd common/config/registry
vim config.yml

修改的配置项如下所示:

realm: http://192.168.0.10:1180/service/token

4)重启Docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service

5)重启Harbor

[root@centos harbor]# docker-compose down
Stopping harbor-log ... done
Removing nginx             ... done
Removing harbor-portal     ... done
Removing harbor-jobservice ... done
Removing harbor-core       ... done
Removing redis             ... done
Removing registry          ... done
Removing registryctl       ... done
Removing harbor-db         ... done
Removing harbor-log        ... done
Removing network harbor_harbor
 
[root@centos harbor]# ./prepare
prepare base dir is set to /mnt/harbor
Clearing the configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/app.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/root.crt
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/config.yml
Clearing the configuration file: /config/db/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/core/env
Generated configuration file: /config/core/app.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/registryctl/env
Generated configuration file: /config/db/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml
loaded secret from file: /secret/keys/secretkey
Generated configuration file: /compose_location/docker-compose.yml
Clean up the input dir
 
[root@centos harbor]# docker-compose up -d
Creating network "harbor_harbor" with the default driver
Creating harbor-log ... done
Creating harbor-db   ... done
Creating redis       ... done
Creating registry    ... done
Creating registryctl ... done
Creating harbor-core ... done
Creating harbor-jobservice ... done
Creating harbor-portal     ... done
Creating nginx             ... done
 
[root@centos harbor]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                             PORTS

七、安装Jenkins

Jenkins是一个开源的、提供友好操作界面的持续集成(CI)工具,起源于Hudson(Hudson是商用的),主要用于持续、自动的构建/测试软件项目、监控外部任务的运行(这个比较抽象,暂且写上,不做解释)。Jenkins用Java语言编写,可在Tomcat等流行的servlet容器中运行,也可独立运行。通常与版本管理工具(SCM)、构建工具结合使用。常用的版本控制工具有SVN、GIT,构建工具有Maven、Ant、Gradle。

1、安装nfs

使用 nfs 最大的问题就是写权限,可以使用 kubernetes 的 securityContext/runAsUser 指定 jenkins 容器中运行 jenkins 的用户 uid,以此来指定 nfs 目录的权限,让 jenkins 容器可写;也可以不限制,让所有用户都可以写。这里为了简单,就让所有用户可写了。

如果之前已经安装过nfs,则这一步可以省略。找一台主机,安装 nfs,这里,我以在Master节点(test10服务器)上安装nfs为例。

在命令行输入如下命令安装并启动nfs:

yum install nfs-utils -y
systemctl start nfs-server
systemctl enable nfs-server

2、创建nfs共享目录

在Master节点(test10服务器)上创建 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data目录作为nfs的共享目录,如下所示:

mkdir -p /opt/nfs/jenkins-data

接下来,编辑/etc/exports文件,如下所示:

vim /etc/exports

在/etc/exports文件文件中添加如下一行配置:

/opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24(rw,all_squash)

这里的 ip 使用 kubernetes node 节点的 ip 范围,后面的 all_squash 选项会将所有访问的用户都映射成 nfsnobody 用户,不管你是什么用户访问,最终都会压缩成 nfsnobody,所以只要将 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 的属主改为 nfsnobody,那么无论什么用户来访问都具有写权限。

这个选项在很多机器上由于用户 uid 不规范导致启动进程的用户不同,但是同时要对一个共享目录具有写权限时很有效。

接下来,为 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data目录授权,并重新加载nfs,如下所示:

#为/opt/nfs/jenkins-data/目录授权
chown -R 1000 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data/
#重新加载nfs-server
systemctl reload nfs-server

在K8S集群中任意一个节点上使用如下命令进行验证:

#查看nfs系统的目录权限
showmount -e NFS_IP

如果能够看到 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 就表示 ok 了。

具体如下所示:

[root@test10 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.0.10
Export list for 192.168.0.10:
/opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24

[root@test11 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.0.10
Export list for 192.168.0.10:
/opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24

3、创建PV

Jenkins 其实只要加载对应的目录就可以读取之前的数据,但是由于 deployment 无法定义存储卷,因此我们只能使用 StatefulSet。

首先创建 pv,pv 是给 StatefulSet 使用的,每次 StatefulSet 启动都会通过 volumeClaimTemplates 这个模板去创建 pvc,因此必须得有 pv,才能供 pvc 绑定。

创建jenkins-pv.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: jenkins
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /opt/nfs/jenkins-data
    server: 192.168.0.10
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 1Ti

我这里给了 1T存储空间,可以根据实际配置。

执行如下命令创建pv:

kubectl apply -f jenkins-pv.yaml

4、创建serviceAccount

创建service account,因为 jenkins 后面需要能够动态创建 slave,因此它必须具备一些权限。

创建jenkins-service-account.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: jenkins

---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: jenkins
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/exec"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/log"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: jenkins
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: jenkins
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: jenkins

上述配置中,创建了一个 RoleBinding 和一个 ServiceAccount,并且将 RoleBinding 的权限绑定到这个用户上。所以,jenkins 容器必须使用这个 ServiceAccount 运行才行,不然 RoleBinding 的权限它将不具备。

RoleBinding 的权限很容易就看懂了,因为 jenkins 需要创建和删除 slave,所以才需要上面这些权限。至于 secrets 权限,则是 https 证书。

执行如下命令创建serviceAccount:

kubectl apply -f jenkins-service-account.yaml 

5、安装Jenkins

创建jenkins-statefulset.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  labels:
    name: jenkins
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: jenkins
  serviceName: jenkins
  replicas: 1
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      name: jenkins
      labels:
        name: jenkins
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      serviceAccountName: jenkins
      containers:
        - name: jenkins
          image: docker.io/jenkins/jenkins:lts
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
            - containerPort: 32100
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 4
              memory: 4Gi
            requests:
              cpu: 4
              memory: 4Gi
          env:
            - name: LIMITS_MEMORY
              valueFrom:
                resourceFieldRef:
                  resource: limits.memory
                  divisor: 1Mi
            - name: JAVA_OPTS
              # value: -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+UseCGroupMemoryLimitForHeap -XX:MaxRAMFraction=1 -XshowSettings:vm -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.initialDelay=0 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN=50 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN0=0.85
              value: -Xmx$(LIMITS_MEMORY)m -XshowSettings:vm -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.initialDelay=0 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN=50 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN0=0.85
          volumeMounts:
            - name: jenkins-home
              mountPath: /var/jenkins_home
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /login
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 60
            timeoutSeconds: 5
            failureThreshold: 12 # ~2 minutes
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /login
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 60
            timeoutSeconds: 5
            failureThreshold: 12 # ~2 minutes
  # pvc 模板,对应之前的 pv
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: jenkins-home
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 1Ti

jenkins 部署时需要注意它的副本数,你的副本数有多少就要有多少个 pv,同样,存储会有多倍消耗。这里我只使用了一个副本,因此前面也只创建了一个 pv。

使用如下命令安装Jenkins:

kubectl apply -f jenkins-statefulset.yaml 

6、创建Service

创建jenkins-service.yaml文件,主要用于后台运行Jenkins,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: jenkins
spec:
  # type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    name: jenkins
  # ensure the client ip is propagated to avoid the invalid crumb issue when using LoadBalancer (k8s >=1.7)
  #externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      nodePort: 31888
      targetPort: 8080
      protocol: TCP
    - name: jenkins-agent
      port: 32100
      nodePort: 32100
      targetPort: 32100
      protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort

使用如下命令安装Service:

kubectl apply -f jenkins-service.yaml

7、安装 ingress

jenkins 的 web 界面需要从集群外访问,这里我们选择的是使用 ingress。

创建jenkins-ingress.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: jenkins
spec:
  rules:
    - http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: jenkins
              servicePort: 31888
      host: jekins.yyds.com

这里,需要注意的是host必须配置为域名或者主机名,否则会报错,如下所示:

The Ingress "jenkins" is invalid: spec.rules[0].host: Invalid value: "192.168.0.10": must be a DNS name, not an IP address

使用如下命令安装ingress:

kubectl apply -f jenkins-ingress.yaml 

最后,由于我这里使用的是虚拟机来搭建相关的环境,在本机访问虚拟机映射的jekins.yyds.com时,需要配置本机的hosts文件,在本机的hosts文件中加入如下配置项。

192.168.0.10 jekins.yyds.com

注意:在Windows操作系统中,hosts文件所在的目录如下:

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

接下来,就可以在浏览器中通过链接:http://jekins.yyds.com:31888 来访问Jekins了。

八、安装SVN

1、物理机安装SVN

Apache Subversion 通常被缩写成 SVN,是一个开放源代码的版本控制系统,Subversion 在 2000 年由 CollabNet Inc 开发,现在发展成为 Apache 软件基金会的一个项目,同样是一个丰富的开发者和用户社区的一部分。

SVN相对于的RCS、CVS,采用了分支管理系统,它的设计目标就是取代CVS。互联网上免费的版本控制服务多基于Subversion。

这里,以在Master节点(yyds101服务器)上安装SVN为例。

1)使用yum安装SVN

在命令行执行如下命令安装SVN:

yum -y install subversion 

2)创建SVN库

依次执行如下命令:

#创建/data/svn
mkdir -p /data/svn
#初始化svn
svnserve -d -r /data/svn
#创建代码仓库
svnadmin create /data/svn/test

3)配置SVN

mkdir /data/svn/conf
cp /data/svn/test/conf/* /data/svn/conf/
cd /data/svn/conf/
[root@yyds101 conf]# ll
总用量 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1080 5月  12 02:17 authz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  885 5月  12 02:17 hooks-env.tmpl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  309 5月  12 02:17 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4375 5月  12 02:17 svnserve.conf

配置authz文件:

vim authz

[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average

[groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe
SuperAdmin = admin
yyds = admin,yyds

# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =

# [repository:/baz/fuz]
# @harry_and_sally = rw
# * = r

[test:/]
@SuperAdmin=rw
@yyds=rw

配置passwd文件:

vim passwd

[users]
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret
admin = admin123
yyds = yyds123

配置 svnserve.conf:

vim svnserve.conf

### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository.  (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)

### Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information.

[general]
### The anon-access and auth-access options control access to the
### repository for unauthenticated (a.k.a. anonymous) users and
### authenticated users, respectively.
### Valid values are "write", "read", and "none".
### Setting the value to "none" prohibits both reading and writing;
### "read" allows read-only access, and "write" allows complete 
### read/write access to the repository.
### The sample settings below are the defaults and specify that anonymous
### users have read-only access to the repository, while authenticated
### users have read and write access to the repository.
anon-access = none
auth-access = write
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file.  Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
password-db = /data/svn/conf/passwd
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control.  Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the
### directory containing this file.  The specified path may be a
### repository relative URL (^/) or an absolute file:// URL to a text
### file in a Subversion repository.  If you don't specify an authz-db,
### no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
authz-db = /data/svn/conf/authz
### The groups-db option controls the location of the file with the
### group definitions and allows maintaining groups separately from the
### authorization rules.  The groups-db file is of the same format as the
### authz-db file and should contain a single [groups] section with the
### group definitions.  If the option is enabled, the authz-db file cannot
### contain a [groups] section.  Unless you specify a path starting with
### a /, the file's location is relative to the directory containing this
### file.  The specified path may be a repository relative URL (^/) or an
### absolute file:// URL to a text file in a Subversion repository.
### This option is not being used by default.
# groups-db = groups
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa.  The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
realm = svn
### The force-username-case option causes svnserve to case-normalize
### usernames before comparing them against the authorization rules in the
### authz-db file configured above.  Valid values are "upper" (to upper-
### case the usernames), "lower" (to lowercase the usernames), and
### "none" (to compare usernames as-is without case conversion, which
### is the default behavior).
# force-username-case = none
### The hooks-env options specifies a path to the hook script environment 
### configuration file. This option overrides the per-repository default
### and can be used to configure the hook script environment for multiple 
### repositories in a single file, if an absolute path is specified.
### Unless you specify an absolute path, the file's location is relative
### to the directory containing this file.
# hooks-env = hooks-env

[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false.
### Enabling this option requires svnserve to have been built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256

接下来,将/data/svn/conf目录下的svnserve.conf文件复制到/data/svn/test/conf/目录下。

如下所示:

[root@yyds101 conf]# cp /data/svn/conf/svnserve.conf /data/svn/test/conf/
cp:是否覆盖'/data/svn/test/conf/svnserve.conf'? y

4)启动SVN服务

(1)创建svnserve.service服务

创建svnserve.service文件:

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service

[Unit]
Description=Subversion protocol daemon
After=syslog.target network.target
Documentation=man:svnserve(8)

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/svnserve
#ExecStart=/usr/bin/svnserve --daemon --pid-file=/run/svnserve/svnserve.pid $OPTIONS
ExecStart=/usr/bin/svnserve --daemon $OPTIONS
PrivateTmp=yes

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

接下来执行如下命令使配置生效:

systemctl daemon-reload

命令执行成功后,修改 /etc/sysconfig/svnserve 文件:

vim /etc/sysconfig/svnserve

# OPTIONS is used to pass command-line arguments to svnserve.
# 
# Specify the repository location in -r parameter:
OPTIONS="-r /data/svn"

(2)启动SVN

首先查看SVN状态,如下所示:

[root@test10 conf]# systemctl status svnserve.service
● svnserve.service - Subversion protocol daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:svnserve(8)

可以看到,此时SVN并没有启动,接下来,需要启动SVN:

systemctl start svnserve.service

设置SVN服务开机自启动:

systemctl enable svnserve.service

接下来,就可以下载安装TortoiseSVN,输入链接svn://192.168.0.10/test 并输入用户名yyds,密码yyds123来连接SVN了。

2、Docker安装SVN

拉取SVN镜像:

docker pull docker.io/elleflorio/svn-server

启动SVN容器:

docker run -v /usr/local/svn:/home/svn -v /usr/local/svn/passwd:/etc/subversion/passwd -v /usr/local/apache2:/run/apache2 --name svn_server -p 3380:80 -p 3690:3960 -e SVN_REPONAME=repos -d docker.io/elleflorio/svn-server

进入SVN容器内部:

docker exec -it svn_server bash

进入容器后,可以参照物理机安装SVN的方式配置SVN仓库。

九、配置Jenkins运行环境

1、物理机安装Jenkins

注意:安装Jenkins之前需要安装JDK和Maven,我这里同样将Jenkins安装在Master节点(yyds101服务器)。

1)启用Jenkins库

运行以下命令以下载repo文件并导入GPG密钥:

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
rpm --import https://jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins-ci.org.key

2)安装Jenkins

执行如下命令安装Jenkis:

yum install jenkins

接下来,修改Jenkins默认端口,如下所示:

两项配置如下所示。

vim /etc/sysconfig/jenkins

JENKINS_JAVA_CMD="/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212/bin/java"
JENKINS_PORT="18080"

此时,已经将Jenkins的端口由8080修改为18080。

3)启动Jenkins

在命令行输入如下命令启动Jenkins:

systemctl start jenkins

配置Jenkins开机自启动:

systemctl enable jenkins

查看Jenkins的运行状态:

[root@test10 ~]# systemctl status jenkins
● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; generated)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-05-12 04:33:40 EDT; 28s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Tasks: 71 (limit: 26213)
   Memory: 550.8M

说明,Jenkins启动成功。

2、配置Jenkins运行环境

1)登录Jenkins

首次安装后,需要配置Jenkins的运行环境。首先,在浏览器地址栏访问链接http://192.168.0.10:18080,打开Jenkins界面。

根据提示使用如下命令到服务器上找密码值,如下所示:

[root@yyds101 ~]# cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
71af861c2ab948a1b6efc9f7dde90776

将密码71af861c2ab948a1b6efc9f7dde90776复制到文本框,点击继续。会跳转到自定义Jenkins页面。

这里,可以直接选择“安装推荐的插件”。之后会跳转到一个安装插件的页面,此步骤可能有下载失败的情况,可直接忽略。

2)安装插件

需要安装的插件

  • Kubernetes Cli Plugin:该插件可直接在Jenkins中使用kubernetes命令行进行操作;
  • Kubernetes plugin: 使用kubernetes则需要安装该插件Kubernetes;
  • Continuous Deploy Plugin:kubernetes部署插件,可根据需要使用;

还有更多的插件可供选择,可点击 系统管理->管理插件进行管理和添加,安装相应的Docker插件、SSH插件、Maven插件。其他的插件可以根据需要进行安装。

3)配置Jenkins

(1)配置JDK和Maven

在Global Tool Configuration中配置JDK和Maven,如下所示,打开Global Tool Configuration界面。

接下来就开始配置JDK和Maven了。

由于我在服务器上将Maven安装在/usr/local/maven-3.6.3目录下。所以,需要在“Maven 配置”中进行配置。

接下来,配置JDK。

注意:不要勾选“Install automatically”

接下来,配置Maven。

注意:不要勾选“Install automatically”

(2)配置SSH

进入Jenkins的Configure System界面配置SSH,找到 SSH remote hosts 进行配置。

配置完成后,点击Check connection按钮,会显示 Successfull connection。

至此,Jenkins的基本配置就完成了。

十、Jenkins发布Docker项目到K8s集群

1、调整SpringBoot项目的配置

实现,SpringBoot项目中启动类所在的模块的pom.xml需要引入打包成Docker镜像的配置,如下所示:

 
  	 	192.168.0.10:1180
        test
        1.0.0
        1.4.10
  


  		test-starter
		
            
			    org.springframework.boot
			    spring-boot-maven-plugin
			
			
			
			
			
			    com.spotify
			    dockerfile-maven-plugin
			    ${docker.maven.plugin.version}
			    
			        
			        default
			        
			            
			            build
			            push
			        
			        
			    
			    
			    	${project.basedir}
			        
			        useMavenSettingsForAuth>true
			        ${docker.repostory}/${docker.registry.name}/${project.artifactId}
			        ${docker.image.tag}
			        
			            target/${project.build.finalName}.jar
			        
			    
			

        
        
		
			
			
				src/main/resources
				${project.build.directory}/classes
				
					**/*
				
				true
			
		
	

接下来,在SpringBoot启动类所在模块的根目录创建Dockerfile,内容示例如下所示:

#添加依赖环境,前提是将Java8的Docker镜像从官方镜像仓库pull下来,然后上传到自己的Harbor私有仓库中
FROM 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8
#指定镜像制作作者
MAINTAINER yyds
#运行目录
VOLUME /tmp
#将本地的文件拷贝到容器
ADD target/*jar app.jar
#启动容器后自动执行的命令
ENTRYPOINT [ "java", "-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom", "-jar", "/app.jar" ]

根据实际情况,自行修改。

注意:FROM 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8的前提是执行如下命令:

docker pull java:8
docker tag java:8 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8
docker login 192.168.0.10:1180
docker push 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8

在SpringBoot启动类所在模块的根目录创建yaml文件,录入叫做test.yaml文件,内容如下所示:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: test-starter
  labels:
    app: test-starter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test-starter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: test-starter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: test-starter
        image: 192.168.0.10:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8088
      nodeSelector:
        clustertype: node12

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: test-starter
  labels:
    app: test-starter
spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 8088
      nodePort: 30001
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: test-starter

2、Jenkins配置发布项目

将项目上传到SVN代码库,例如地址为svn://192.168.0.10/test

接下来,在Jenkins中配置自动发布。

步骤如下所示:

点击新建Item。

在描述文本框中输入描述信息。

接下来,配置SVN信息。

注意:配置GitLab的步骤与SVN相同,不再赘述。

定位到Jenkins的“构建模块”,使用Execute Shell来构建发布项目到K8S集群。

执行的命令依次如下所示:

#删除本地原有的镜像,不会影响Harbor仓库中的镜像
docker rmi 192.168.0.10:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0
#使用Maven编译、构建Docker镜像,执行完成后本地Docker容器中会重新构建镜像文件
/usr/local/maven-3.6.3/bin/mvn -f ./pom.xml clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true
#登录 Harbor仓库
docker login 192.168.0.10:1180 -u yyds -p yyds123
#上传镜像到Harbor仓库
docker push 192.168.0.10:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0
#停止并删除K8S集群中运行的
/usr/bin/kubectl delete -f test.yaml
#将Docker镜像重新发布到K8S集群
/usr/bin/kubectl apply -f test.yaml

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