Nginx配置之https
文章目录
-
- https配置
-
- openssl实现私有CA签发证书
- 免费SSL证书申请教程(推荐)
- 部署ssl证书实现https
https配置
生成私钥，生成证书签署请求并获得证书，然后在nginx.conf中配置
示例：
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.idfsoft.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
获取证书有方式有两种，其一是openssl实现私有CA签发证书，其二是免费SSL证书申请。在个人实验环境中二者选其一即可，但在企业的生产环境中必须要购买证书进行部署。
openssl实现私有CA签发证书
#创建私有CA存放位置
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir private
#服务端生成密钥
[root@localhost CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
....+++++
.........................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
#提取公钥
[root@localhost CA]# openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -pubout
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1R3BrFLzEFub1t8k2CPd
EZcUoXvmSJVGNf99LgISs+zzY7Jl0s97bcNLaB91h/riPNHq9Z/hyeqfTbSVNKeO
s4Z6RuM7m/Bpm1cSt53FOgrz41GBs/DT9V0CzJABCiWjJziQOIn93JElTNOttDKD
AOMwo88u+b1kG/GcSfkLpNn871X/5YKp1YRXMmE8TLfvpp6hXmvojai2MpxIGCcJ
DC/oDtKOKtsPGUAW6xB7ZpIcQsw+n3JMhiCgKsYeGZ1ZKHM9LFTB7s02Xe0pQwhZ
fzQ3N1nR9fpC6eiU3DkV1h4V+2mUD36Omgqz9H3+DrPn+xAfGSVBtxrmBFvxJMAV
+wIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
#生成自签署证书，请记住这里填写的信息，后面生成的证书签署请求文件填写的信息要与这里完全一致
[root@localhost CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:www.yf.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.yf.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.yf.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
[root@localhost CA]# ls
cacert.pem private
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@localhost CA]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial
[root@localhost CA]# ls
cacert.pem certs crl index.txt newcerts private serial
[root@localhost CA]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir ssl
[root@localhost conf]# cd ssl/
#客户端生成密钥
[root@localhost ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out nginx.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.....+++++
..............................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
#客户端生成证书签署请求文件，这里填写的信息要与前面的完全一致，不然无法签署成功
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key nginx.key -days 365 -out nginx.csr
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:www.yf.com
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.yf.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.yf.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
nginx.csr nginx.key
#CA签署客户端的证书
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl ca -in nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Oct 13 12:38:41 2022 GMT
Not After : Oct 13 12:38:41 2023 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = HB
organizationName = www.yf.com
organizationalUnitName = www.yf.com
commonName = www.yf.com
emailAddress = 1@2.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
04:7E:A7:7C:55:34:E8:B8:52:D0:C5:CE:FA:C4:14:E2:A5:96:08:A2
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:76:81:2D:69:5B:17:F6:52:4C:C4:91:7C:BC:FD:90:21:01:C0:49:F7
Certificate is to be certified until Oct 13 12:38:41 2023 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
nginx.crt nginx.csr nginx.key
#csr是证书签署请求文件，已完成了它的使命，后续不再用到
[root@localhost ssl]# rm -f nginx.csr
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
nginx.crt nginx.key
#后续如何部署ssl证书请往后看，点击文章目录跳转到【部署ssl证书实现https】
免费SSL证书申请教程(推荐)
阿里云免费SSL证书介绍：
免费证书只能保护一个域名（带www和不带www可以通用），阿里云个人账号和企业账号均可申请，多个域名可以申请多个免费证书，免费为每个通过实名验证的阿里云账号提供20张DigiCert DV单域名证书。申请教程如下：
一、证书选购
- 打开阿里云SSL证书申请页面，点击“选购证书”
- 证书选择
选择证书类型：免费版（个人）DV
选择品牌：DigiCert
域名类型：单域名（1个域名）
选择域名个数：只能选择1
购买数量：可以购买多个
购买时长：最多购买一年
总配置费用为0元，点击“立即购买”，结算即可。
二、证书申请
购买完的SSL证书是未签发状态，还要提交证书申请，阿里云系统会将请求发送给CA机构审核。
- 登录到阿里云SSL控制台
- 在刚购买未签发的免费版SSL，选择“证书申请”
如下图：
- 填写SSL证书申请表单
证书绑定域名：免费证书只能填写一个域名，带www和不带www域名可以通用
申请人姓名：按照实际填写
申请人手机号：按照实际填写
申请人邮箱：按照实际填写
所在地：按照实际填写
域名验证方式：参考（阿里云SSL证书申请域名验证选择及操作流程）
CSR生成方式：系统生成
- 完成DNS验证
如果你的域名在阿里云，直接点图片里的链接跳转。如不是则自行打开自己的域名控制台
把证书申请的DNS验证信息复制过来
添加后看到此项的状态是【正常】的即可
完成上述操作后，回到证书申请界面，点击【验证】，验证成功后点击【提交申请】
- 下载证书
看到证书的状态是【已签发】，则证明该证书可以实际使用了，点击【下载】
证书下载界面可以看到有这么多类型，这里我选择nginx，因为我要部署到nginx服务器上，根据服务类型选择相对应的
下载到本地后上传至nginx服务器
部署ssl证书实现https
[root@localhost conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir ssl
将本地的证书文件上传至nginx服务器
[root@localhost conf]# cd ssl/
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
8617472_www.helloyf.fun.key 8617472_www.helloyf.fun.pem
#我这里改名是为了方便记忆。pem证书可以更名为crt证书
[root@localhost ssl]# mv 8617472_www.helloyf.fun.key nginx.key
[root@localhost ssl]# mv 8617472_www.helloyf.fun.pem nginx.crt
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
nginx.crt nginx.key
#进行配置https，直接在原有配置中取消这大一段的注释
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
#HTTPS server
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.helloyf.fun; #将此修改为自己的域名
ssl_certificate ssl/nginx.crt; #【pem|crt】证书存放的位置
ssl_certificate_key ssl/nginx.key; #key证书存放的位置
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service
去浏览器访问
此时也可以用域名进行访问，不过我的域名已经用公网IP部署了网站。所以先要在本机的hosts文件写本地域名映射，这样就不会访问我公网的站点了。这里涉及到DNS解析的工作流程，感兴趣可以去查查。
Windows系统中该文件的默认路径：C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
在该文件的最后一行添加IP和域名，保存即可。我这个域名要用于访问博客，所以做完实验后会恢复，恢复的话直接把这一行映射删掉。
这次用域名访问。可以看到访问成功了，并且显示连接是安全的！
