【Web前端】一文带你吃透HTML(完整篇)

【Web前端】一文带你吃透HTML(完整篇)_第1张图片

前端学习路线小总结

  • 基础入门:
  • HTML CSS JavaScript
  • 三大主流框架:
  • VUE REACT Angular
  • 深入学习:
  • 小程序 Node jQuery TypeScript 前端工程化

开始前端之旅吧!

  • 一.HTML简介
    • 1.什么是HTML?
    • 2.HTML 标签
    • 3.HTML 元素
    • 4.HTML版本
    • 5.Web 浏览器
    • 6.HTML 网页结构
    • 7.中文编码
    • 8.编写第一个网页
  • 二.HTML编辑器
  • 三.HTML基础
    • 1.HTML 标题
    • 2.HTML 段落
    • 3.HTML 链接
    • 4.HTML 图像
  • 四.HTML元素
    • 1.HTML 元素语法
    • 2.嵌套的 HTML 元素
    • 3.HTML 空元素
  • 五.HTML属性
  • 六.HTML标题
    • 1.HTML标题
    • 2.HTML水平线
    • 3.HTML 注释
  • 七.HTML段落
    • 1.HTML段落
    • 2.HTML换行
  • 八.HTML文本格式化
  • 九.HTML链接
  • 十.HTML头部
  • 十一.HTML图像
  • 十二.HTML表格
  • 十三.HTML列表
  • 十四.HTML区块
    • 1.HTML区块元素
    • 2.HTML内联元素
    • 3.HTML的 div 元素
    • 4.HTML的 span 元素
  • 十五.HTML布局
    • 1.使用div元素添加网页布局
    • 2.使用table元素添加网页布局
  • 十六.HTML表单和输入
    • 1.文本域
    • 2.密码字段
    • 3.单选按钮
    • 4.复选框
    • 5.提交按钮
  • 十七.HTML框架
    • 1.iframe语法
    • 2.iframe设置高度和宽度
    • 3.iframe去除边框
    • 4.使用 iframe 来显示目标链接页面
  • 十八.HTML颜色
  • 十九.脚本
    • 1.HTML的 script 标签
    • 2.HTML的 noscript 标签
  • 二十.字符实体
  • 二十一.URL
    • 1.常见的 URL Scheme
  • 二十二.HTML总结


一.HTML简介

万维网W3C标准中网页分为结构,表现和行为三部分,HTML用于描述页面的结构,CSS用于控制页面中的元素样式,JavaScript用于响应用户的操作。HTML,CSS和JavaScript组成了前端技术栈。

学习HTML就是学习标签的一个过程,难度指数低,重在反复练习,首先看看HTML文档的基本结构:


<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>小橙子前端教程title>
head>
<body>

<h1>标题h1>
<p>段落p>

body>
html>

1.什么是HTML?

HTML的全称为超文本标记语言,是一种标记语言。它包括一系列标签。通过这些标签可以将网络上的文档格式统一,使分散的Internet资源连接为一个逻辑整体。

  • HTML 使用标记标签来描述网页
  • HTML 文档包含了HTML 标签及文本内容
  • HTML文档也叫做 web 页面

2.HTML 标签

HTML标记标签又称为 标签。

  • HTML 标签是由尖括号包围的关键词
  • HTML 标签通常是成对出现
  • 标签对中的第一个标签是开始标签(开放标签),第二个标签是结束标签(闭合标签)
<标签>内容标签>

所有 HTML 文档必须以 声明开头,该声明并非一个 HTML 标签,它是一条“信息”,告知浏览器期望的文档类型。


3.HTML 元素

一个 HTML 元素包含了开始标签与结束标签。例如:

<h1>一级标题h1>

4.HTML版本

下面是HTML的历史版本:

版本 发布时间
HTML 1991
HTML+ 1993
HTML 2.0 1995
HTML 3.2 1997
HTML 4.01 1999
XHTML 1.0 2000
HTML5 2012
XHTML5 2013

5.Web 浏览器

要想学习Web前端,一定要先了解Web浏览器(如谷歌浏览器,Edge,Safari)。Web浏览器用于读取HTML文件,并将其作为网页显示。浏览器并不是直接显示HTML标签,而是负责网页的渲染和呈现,标签决定了如何展现HTML页面的内容给用户。例如:

在这里插入图片描述


6.HTML 网页结构

下面是HTML文档的基本结构,前面我们已经做了示例代码的展示:

在这里插入图片描述


7.中文编码

在一些浏览器直接输出中文会出现乱码的情况,当在浏览器输出中文乱码时,需要在头部将字符声明为 UTF-8 或 GBK。例如:

<meta charset="UTF-8">

8.编写第一个网页

前面介绍了HTML文档的一些基础信息,以及Web浏览器初识,接下来编写我们学习前端的第一个网页:

示例:使用记事本编写你的第一个网页!

<html>

<head>
    <title>这是我的第一个网页title>
head>

<body>
    
    <h1>望庐山瀑布h1>
    <h2>
        <font color=red>font> 李白
    h2>
    <p>日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川。p>
    <p>飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。p>
body>

html>

新建一个文本文档,命名为index.html。编写代码,在默认浏览器中运行,查看显示效果!

在这里插入图片描述


二.HTML编辑器

这里推荐使用VsCode来编辑HTML代码!

vscode 是由微软开发的免费开源软件,它具有以下优势:

  1. 轻量级编辑器
  2. 丰富的插件系统
  3. 代码跟踪功能

在这里插入图片描述


三.HTML基础

1.HTML 标题

HTML 标题是通过

-
标签来定义的,例如:

    <h1>一级标题h1>
    <h2>二级标题h2>
    <h3>三级标题h3>

2.HTML 段落

HTML 段落是通过标签

来定义的,例如:

    <p>段落1p>
    <p>段落2p>
    <p>段落3p>

3.HTML 链接

HTML 链接是通过标签 来定义的,例如:

<a href="https://www.baidu.com">百度一下a>

4.HTML 图像

HTML 图像是通过标签 来定义的,例如:

<img src="/images/baidu.png" width="258" height="39" />

四.HTML元素

1.HTML 元素语法

  • HTML 元素以开始标签起始,以结束标签终止
  • 元素的内容是开始标签与结束标签之间的内容,某些 HTML 元素具有空内容
  • 空元素在开始标签中进行关闭(以开始标签的结束而结束)
  • 大多数 HTML 元素可拥有属性

2.嵌套的 HTML 元素

其实,大多数 HTML 元素可以嵌套使用,即HTML 元素可以包含其他 HTML 元素。所以,HTML 文档是由相互嵌套的 HTML 元素构成的,例如:


<html>

<body>
<p>段落1...p>
body>

html>

其中,对几个重要的标签做一个描述:

  • 这个

    元素定义了 HTML 文档中的一个段落。这个元素拥有一个开始标签

    以及一个结束标签

    。元素内容是: 段落1…。
  • 元素定义了 HTML 文档的主体。这个元素拥有一个开始标签 以及一个结束标签 。元素内容是另一个 HTML 元素(p 元素)。
  • 元素定义了整个 HTML 文档。这个元素拥有一个开始标签 ,以及一个结束标签 。元素内容是另一个 HTML 元素(body 元素)。

3.HTML 空元素

没有内容的 HTML 元素被称为空元素。空元素是在开始标签中关闭的,例如:

    <p>段落1p>
    <br>
    <p>段落2p>

其中,
就是没有关闭标签的空元素(
标签定义换行)。

在开始标签中添加斜杠,比如
,是关闭空元素的正确方法。


五.HTML属性

属性是 HTML 元素提供的附加信息,属性值应该始终被包括在引号内,如果属性值本身就含有双引号,那么必须使用单引号包含属性值。

  • HTML 元素可以设置属性,属性可以在元素中添加附加信息
  • 属性一般描述于开始标签
  • 属性总是以名称/值对的形式出现,比如:name=“value”。

例如,HTML的链接标签中添加属性:

<a href="http://www.baidu.com">百度一下a>

HTML 链接由 标签定义。链接的地址在 href 属性中指定。


六.HTML标题

1.HTML标题

标题是通过

-
标签进行定义的。

定义最大的标题。
定义最小的标题。浏览器会自动地在标题的前后添加空行,例如:

    <h1>一级标题h1>
    <h2>二级标题h2>
    <h3>三级标题h3>

标题用来正确的显示文章结构,通过不同的标题可以为文章建立索引,所以,标题是很重要的存在,所以,不要仅仅是为了生成粗体或大号的文本而使用标题。


2.HTML水平线


标签在 HTML 页面中创建水平线,例如:

    <p>段落1p>
    <hr>
    <p>段落2p>
    <hr>
    <p>段落3p>

3.HTML 注释

可以将注释插入 HTML 代码中,提高代码可读性,浏览器会忽略注释,也不会显示它们。



七.HTML段落

1.HTML段落

HTML可以将文档分为不同的段落。段落是通过

标签定义的,例如:

<p>段落1...p>
<p>段落2...p>

2.HTML换行

使用
标签在不产生新的段落的情况下换行,例如:

<p>这是<br>换行的<br>演示p>


元素是一个空的 HTML 元素。由于关闭标签没有任何意义,因此它没有结束标签。


八.HTML文本格式化

HTML 使用标签 (“bold”) 与 (“italic”) 对输出的文本进行格式, 如:粗体 or 斜体。也可使用标签 替换加粗标签 来使用, 替换 标签使用。但是两者的含义不同, 或者 标签有你要呈现的文本是重要的,所以要突出显示的意思。

文本格式化的标签及其作用:

标签 作用
定义粗体文本
定义着重文字
定义斜体文字
定义小号文字

详细的HTML标签参考标签参考手册哦


九.HTML链接

HTML 使用超级链接与网络上的另一个文档相连,点击链接可以从一张页面跳转到另一张页面。

例如,使用 标签定义超文本链接:

<a href="url">链接文本a>

其中,可以定义属性实现相应的功能:

  • 使用 target 属性,你可以定义被链接的文档在何处显示。
  • id 属性可用于创建一个 HTML 文档书签。

十.HTML头部

1.HTML 元素:

元素包含了所有的头部标签元素。在 元素中你可以插入脚本(scripts), 样式文件(CSS),及各种meta信息。可以添加在头部区域的元素标签为: , <style>, <meta>, <link>, <script>, <noscript> 和 <base>。</code></p> <hr> <p>2.HTML <code><title></code>元素:</p> <p><code><title></code> 标签定义了不同文档的标题。</p> <ul> <li class="task-list-item"> 定义了浏览器工具栏的标题</li> <li class="task-list-item"> 当网页添加到收藏夹时,显示在收藏夹中的标题</li> <li class="task-list-item"> 显示在搜索引擎结果页面的标题</li> </ul> <p>例如,下面的HTML文档代码:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>文档标题<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>文档内容......<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p>3.HTML <code><base></code>元素:</p> <p><code><base></code> 标签描述了基本的链接地址/链接目标,该标签作为HTML文档中所有的链接标签的默认链接,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>base</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>http://www.baidu.com/images/<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">target</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>_blank<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p>4.HTML <code><link></code>元素<br> <code><link></code> 标签定义了文档与外部资源之间的关系,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>stylesheet<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text/css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>mystyle.css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p>5.HTML <code><stytle></code>元素<br> <code><style></code> 标签定义了HTML文档的样式文件引用地址,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text/css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style language-css"> <span class="token selector">body</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>yellow<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>blue<span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p>6.HTML <code><meta></code>元素<br> <code><meta></code>标签描述了一些基本的元数据。</p> <ul> <li class="task-list-item"> 标签提供了元数据。元数据也不显示在页面上,但会被浏览器解析。</li> <li class="task-list-item"> 元素通常用于指定网页的描述,关键词,文件的最后修改时间,作者,和其他元数据。</li> <li class="task-list-item"> 一般放置于 <code><head></code> 区域。</li> </ul> <hr> <p>7.HTML <code><script></code>元素<br> <code><script></code>标签用于加载脚本文件,如: JavaScript。</p> <hr> <h1>十一.HTML图像</h1> <p>在 HTML 中,图像由<code><img></code> 标签定义,<code><img></code> 是空标签。</p> <p>要在页面上显示图像,需要使用源属性(src),源属性的值是图像的 URL 地址,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>url<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>some_text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><code>alt</code> 属性用来为图像定义一串预备的可替换的文本。在浏览器无法载入图像时,浏览器将显示这个替代性的文本而不是图像,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>boat.gif<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>显示图像<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p>height(高度) 与 width(宽度)属性用于设置图像的高度与宽度。默认单位是像素,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>baidu.jpg<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>百度<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>200<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>100<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>注意</strong>:加载页面时,要注意插入页面图像的路径,如果不能正确设置图像的位置,浏览器无法加载图片,图像标签就会显示一个破碎的图片。</p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>十二.HTML表格</h1> <p>表格由 <code><table></code> 标签来定义。每个表格均有若干行(由 <code><tr></code> 标签定义),每行被分割为若干单元格(由 <code><td></code> 标签定义)。字母 <code>td</code> 指表格数据(table data),即数据单元格的内容。数据单元格可以包含文本、图片、列表、段落、表单、水平线、表格等等,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>table</span> <span class="token attr-name">border</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>1<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>table</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p>大多数情况我们需要给表格加上边框,也可以不使用边框。</p> <p>表格的表头使用 <code><th></code> 标签进行定义,大多数浏览器会把表头显示为粗体居中的文本。</p> <hr> <h1>十三.HTML列表</h1> <p>HTML 支持有序、无序和定义列表:</p> <ul> <li>无序列表使用 <code><ul></code> 标签定义,使用粗体圆点(典型的小黑圆圈)进行标记,每个列表项始于 <code><li></code> 标签,例如:</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>java<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>python<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b0d48127950542abb065a761bc39a3db.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <ul> <li>有序列表使用<code><ol></code> 标签定义,使用数字进行标记,每个列表项始于 <code><li></code> 标签,例如:</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ol</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>java<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>python<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ol</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2d91f0a115054daaa0f0d39e7cccd143.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <ul> <li>自定义列表以 <code><dl></code> 标签开始,每个自定义列表项以 <code><dt></code> 开始。每个自定义列表项的定义以 <code><dd></code> 开始,自定义列表是项目和注释的组合,例如:</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dl</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>java<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>-诞生于1995年<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>python<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>-诞生于1991年<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dl</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ba829f8ff0904312959966f51b941868.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <hr> <h1>十四.HTML区块</h1> <p>HTML 可以通过 <code><div></code> 和 <code><span></code>将元素组合起来。</p> <p>大多数 HTML 元素被定义为块级元素或内联元素。</p> <h2>1.HTML区块元素</h2> <p>块级元素在浏览器显示时,通常会以新行来开始和结束。</p> <h2>2.HTML内联元素</h2> <p>内联元素在浏览器显示时通常不会以新行开始。</p> <h2>3.HTML的 div 元素</h2> <p>HTML <code><div></code> 元素是块级元素,它是用于组合其他 HTML 元素的容器。</p> <p>例:让文档中的一块区域显示为红色,另一块区域加粗且显示为蓝色,HTML文档代码如下。</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>en<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>UTF-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">http-equiv</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>X-UA-Compatible<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>IE=edge<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>viewport<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>Document<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>唐 李白<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>日照香炉生紫烟,<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>遥看瀑布挂前川。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">font-weight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>bold<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>blue</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>飞流直下三千尺,<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>疑是银河落九天。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p>显示效果:</p> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/35e3facdb0a047dba57bdd4e64bfa916.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <p><code><div></code>标签常用于组合块级元素,以便通过 CSS 来对这些元素进行格式化。</p> <h2>4.HTML的 span 元素</h2> <p>HTML <code><span></code> 元素是内联元素,可用作文本的容器。</p> <p>例:对文档中的一部分文本进行着色,HTML代码如下。</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>span</span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>chartreuse</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>唐<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>span</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> -李白<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p>显示效果:</p> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/0bb7d0d6786c49058108c866969b2593.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <p><code><span></code> 用于对文档中的行内元素进行组合。</p> <hr> <h1>十五.HTML布局</h1> <p>布局用于改善网站的外观,我们可以使用<code><div></code>或者<code><table></code>添加网页布局,大多数网站可以使用 <code><div></code> 或者 <code><table></code> 元素来创建多列。CSS 用于对元素进行定位,或者为页面创建背景以及色彩丰富的外观。</p> <h2>1.使用div元素添加网页布局</h2> <p><code>div</code> 元素是用于分组 HTML 元素的块级元素。例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>container<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>600px</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>header<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cornflowerblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>0<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>--唐诗三百首--<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--下外边距--></span> <span class="token comment"><!--float:该属性控制目标HTML元素是否浮动以及如何浮动.--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>menu<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dimgrey<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>菜单<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 静夜思<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 绝句<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 琵琶行 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>content<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>aliceblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>400px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 翻译译文: 香炉峰在阳光的照射下生起紫色烟霞,远远望见瀑布似白色绢绸悬挂在山前。 高崖上飞腾直落的瀑布好像有几千尺,让人恍惚以为银河从天上泻落到人间。 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--clear 属性规定元素的哪一侧不允许其他浮动元素。--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>footer<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cadetblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>both<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>center<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 橙子!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9989ee7617ba4916920685efffb3c238.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.使用table元素添加网页布局</h2> <p>我们还可以使用table标签添加网页布局,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>table</span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>600<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">border</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>0<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span> <span class="token attr-name">colspan</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>2<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cornflowerblue</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>--唐诗三百首--<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dimgrey<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">vertical-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>top<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>菜单<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 静夜思<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 绝句<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 琵琶行 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--vertical-align 属性设置元素的垂直对齐方式。--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>aliceblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>400px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">vertical-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>top<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 翻译译文: 香炉峰在阳光的照射下生起紫色烟霞,远远望见瀑布似白色绢绸悬挂在山前。 高崖上飞腾直落的瀑布好像有几千尺,让人恍惚以为银河从天上泻落到人间。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span> <span class="token attr-name">colspan</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>2<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token style-attr language-css"><span class="token attr-name"> <span class="token attr-name">style</span></span><span class="token punctuation">="</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cadetblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>center<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 橙子!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>table</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/90581b43833c4886ba34b40753453282.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <p><code><table></code>元素主要用于创建表格,虽然可以用于添加网页布局,但是不建议使用!</p> <hr> <h1>十六.HTML表单和输入</h1> <p><code>HTML 表单</code>用于收集用户的输入信息,HTML 表单表示文档中的一个区域,此区域包含交互控件,将用户收集到的信息发送到 Web 服务器。</p> <p><code>表单是一个包含表单元素的区域</code>,表单元素是允许用户在表单中输入内容,比如:文本域(textarea)、下拉列表(select)、单选框(radio-buttons)、复选框(checkbox)等等。</p> <p>我们使用标签来创建表单,多数情况下被用到的表单标签是输入标签 <code><input></code>。</p> <h2>1.文本域</h2> <p>文本域(Text Fields)通过 <code><input type="text"></code> 来设定,当用户要在表单中键入字母、数字等内容时,就会用到文本域,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> First <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>firstname<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> Last <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastname<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/af1c6a5d773542b6bf91647ebb1f13d6.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.密码字段</h2> <p>密码字段通过标签 <code><input type="password"></code> 来定义,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> Password: <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>password<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pwd<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ff2d4396b97641d3b69f04b5f2d55bb6.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <p>密码字段字符不会明文显示,而是以星号 <code>*</code> 或圆点 <code>.</code> 替代。</p> <h2>3.单选按钮</h2> <p>单选按钮(Radio Buttons)通过<code><input type="radio"></code>标签来定义,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">action</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>radio<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>sex<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>male<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>男<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>radio<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>sex<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>female<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>女 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a5cc85e46eca4cdea7e5ce22b6ac733a.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>4.复选框</h2> <p>复选框(Checkboxes)通过标签<code><input type="checkbox"></code>来定义,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Bike<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>语文<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Car<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>数学<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Bike<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>英语<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Car<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>历史 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/cef0504f829a4eebbcc5337da232d90d.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>5.提交按钮</h2> <p>提交按钮用<code><input type="submit"></code>标签来定义,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>input<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">action</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>html_form_action.php<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">method</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>get<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> Username: <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>user<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Submit<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/56f16d70324a4587ab1ef18adadbcfa5.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"><br> 在上面的文本框内键入几个字母,然后点击确认按钮,那么输入数据会传送到 html_form_action.php 文件,该页面将显示出输入的结果。</p> <p><code>method</code> 属性用于定义表单数据的提交方式,可以是以下值:</p> <p><code>post</code>:指的是 HTTP POST 方法,表单数据会包含在表单体内然后发送给服务器,用于提交敏感数据,如用户名与密码等。</p> <p><code>get</code>:默认值,指的是 HTTP GET 方法,表单数据会附加在 action 属性的 URL 中,并以 ?作为分隔符,一般用于不敏感信息,如分页等。</p> <hr> <h1>十七.HTML框架</h1> <p>有时候我们希望在同一个浏览器界面中显示不止一个页面,这时候就要用到框架。</p> <h2>1.iframe语法</h2> <p>iframe语法格式如下:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>URL<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>2.iframe设置高度和宽度</h2> <p><code>height</code> 和 <code>width</code> 属性用来定义iframe标签的高度与宽度,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">loading</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lazy<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>demo_iframe.htm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>200<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>200<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>3.iframe去除边框</h2> <p><code>frameborder</code> 属性用于定义iframe表示是否显示边框,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>demo_iframe.htm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">frameborder</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>0<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>4.使用 iframe 来显示目标链接页面</h2> <p><code>iframe</code> 可以显示一个目标链接的页面,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>demo_iframe.htm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>iframe_a<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>800<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>400<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://blog.csdn.net/zhangxia_?spm=1000.2115.3001.5343<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">target</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>iframe_a<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>橙子!的博客<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>注意:<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 因为 a 标签的 target 属性是名为 iframe_a 的 iframe 框架,所以在点击链接时页面会显示在 iframe框架中。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/783f8b2b244940f7b852a1ce40dbdd85.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <hr> <h1>十八.HTML颜色</h1> <p><code>HTML 颜色</code>由红色、绿色、蓝色混合而成。</p> <p>HTML 颜色由一个十六进制符号来定义,这个符号由红色、绿色和蓝色的值组成(RGB)。</p> <p>每种颜色的最小值是0(十六进制:#00)。最大值是255(十六进制:#FF)。</p> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/807e73cda7904b31bd0840eaf53bc4a4.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <p>具体颜色效果可以查表。</p> <hr> <h1>十九.脚本</h1> <h2>1.HTML的 script 标签</h2> <p><code><script></code> 标签用于定义客户端脚本,比如 JavaScript。<code><script></code> 元素既可包含脚本语句,也可通过 <code>src</code> 属性指向外部脚本文件,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script language-javascript"> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>2.HTML的 noscript 标签</h2> <p> 标签提供无法使用脚本时的替代内容,比方在浏览器禁用脚本时,<code><noscript></code>元素可包含普通 HTML 页面的 body 元素中能够找到的所有元素,在浏览器禁止使用脚本时,会显示该标签内的内容,例如:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script language-javascript"> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>noscript</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>抱歉,你的浏览器不支持 JavaScript!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>noscript</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <h1>二十.字符实体</h1> <p>HTML中预留的字符和一些键盘上找不到的字符必须使用<code>字符实体</code>来替换!</p> <p>如果希望正确地显示预留字符,我们必须在 HTML 源代码中使用字符实体(character entities)。</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>显示结果</th> <th>描述</th> <th>实体名称</th> <th>实体编号</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td></td> <td>空格</td> <td><code> </code></td> <td><code> </code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><</td> <td>小于号</td> <td><code><</code></td> <td><code><</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>></td> <td>大于号</td> <td><code>></code></td> <td><code>></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&</td> <td>和号</td> <td><code>&</code></td> <td><code>&</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>实体名称对大小写敏感,实际实体名称使用时参考HTML实体参考手册!</p> <hr> <h1>二十一.URL</h1> <p><code>URL(统一资源定位器)</code>是一个网页地址。</p> <p>可以使用网址,例如:www.baidu.com或者使用IP地址来访问。</p> <p><code>Web浏览器</code>通过URL从Web服务器请求页面。</p> <h2>1.常见的 URL Scheme</h2> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Scheme</th> <th>访问</th> <th>作用</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>http</td> <td>超文本传输协议</td> <td>以 http:// 开头的普通网页。不加密。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>https</td> <td>安全超文本传输协议</td> <td>安全网页,加密所有信息交换。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ftp</td> <td>文件传输协议</td> <td>用于将文件下载或上传至网站。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>file</td> <td></td> <td>您计算机上的文件。</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>URL 只能使用 ASCII 字符集。</p> <hr> <h1>二十二.HTML总结</h1> <p><code>恭喜你!现在我们已经顺利的通过了HTML的学习。</code>在前端三剑客HTML,CSS和JavaScript中,HTML学习相对简单,在学习的过程中一定要注重实践,学习常用的标签。</p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a984c9026f1e464a869f27a83e55e731.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a984c9026f1e464a869f27a83e55e731.jpg" alt="【Web前端】一文带你吃透HTML(完整篇)_第2张图片" width="650" height="204" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> </div> </div>���� </div> </div> </div> <!--PC和WAP自适应版--> <div id="SOHUCS" 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