前言
在日常开发中,对数据排序是非常常见的一种需求,一般通过如下两种方式:
- 存储系统:通过SQL、NoSQL的排序功能,查询的结果是完成排序的结果;
- 内存:通过在内存中进行排序,查询的结果是无序的结果;
下面聊聊通过Java中的lambda和stream实现在内存中对数据进行排序。
1、定义一个基础类
@Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public class Student { private String name; private int age; @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) { return true; } if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) { return false; } Student student = (Student) o; return age == student.age && Objects.equals(name, student.name); } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(name, age); } }
2、使用Comparator排序
@Test void test() { Liststudents = Lists.newArrayList( new Student("caocao", 21), new Student("sunquan", 20) ); Collections.sort(students, new Comparator () { @Override public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) { return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()); } }); Assertions.assertEquals(students.get(0), new Student("caocao", 21)); }
在定义的Comparator中使用name字段排序,string类型的排序是通过ASCII码顺序进行判断。
3、使用lambda排序
@Test void test() { Liststudents = Lists.newArrayList( new Student("caocao", 21), new Student("sunquan", 20) ); students.sort((o1, o2) -> o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName())); Assertions.assertEquals(students.get(0), new Student("caocao", 21)); }
将内部类Comparator替换为lambda表达式,使代码更简洁。
4、使用Comparator的comparing方法排序
@Test void test() { Liststudents = Lists.newArrayList( new Student("caocao", 21), new Student("sunquan", 20) ); students.sort(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)); Assertions.assertEquals(students.get(0), new Student("caocao", 21)); }
5、自定义比对方法
在Student类中自定义比对方法
public static int compareByNameThenAge(Student s1, Student s2) { if (s1.name.equals(s2.name)) { return Integer.compare(s1.age, s2.age); } else { return s1.name.compareTo(s2.name); } }
先比对name,再比对age
@Test void test() { Liststudents = Lists.newArrayList( new Student("caocao", 21), new Student("sunquan", 20) ); students.sort((o1,o2) -> Student.compareByNameThenAge(o1,o2)); Assertions.assertEquals(students.get(0), new Student("caocao", 21)); }
6、使用stream排序
在流式计算时进行排序
@Test void test() { Liststudents = Lists.newArrayList( new Student("caocao", 21), new Student("sunquan", 20) ); List result = students.stream().sorted(new Comparator () { @Override public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) { return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()); } }).collect(Collectors.toList()); Assertions.assertEquals(result.get(0), new Student("caocao", 21)); }
7、null值判断
若列表中元素是null或列表中元素参与排序的字段是null,会出现NullPointException异常,即 NPE,简单演示一下:
@Test void sortedNullGotNPE() { Liststudents = Lists.newArrayList( null, new Student("liubei", 12) ); students.sort(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)); }
修改为:
@Test void sortedNullGotNPE() { Liststudents = Lists.newArrayList( null, new Student("liubei", 12) ); //students.sort(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName)); Assertions.assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> students.sort(Comparator.comparing(Student::getName))); }
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