快速批量导入庞大数据到SQL SERVER数据库(ADO.NET)

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/chenxizhang/archive/2008/11/11/1331060.html

如果你需要在程序中批量插入成千上万行的数据,你会怎么编写代码呢?最近在帮朋友调优这个的时候,总结了几种方法,并对其进行比较。

大概的界面如下,我模拟了一个客户资料表.

快速批量导入庞大数据到SQL SERVER数据库(ADO.NET)_第1张图片

数据我是放在一个XML文件的,大约6734行。类似下面的格式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <root> <Customers> <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID> <CompanyName>Sina</CompanyName> <ContactName>Maria Anders</ContactName> <ContactTitle>Sales Representative</ContactTitle> <Address>Obere Str. 57</Address> <City>Berlin</City> <PostalCode>12209</PostalCode> <Country>Germany</Country> <Phone>030-0074321</Phone> <Fax>030-0076545</Fax> </Customers> <Customers> <CustomerID>ANATR</CustomerID> <CompanyName>Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados</CompanyName> <ContactName>Ana Trujillo</ContactName> <ContactTitle>Owner</ContactTitle> <Address>Avda. de la Constitución 2222</Address> <City>México D.F.</City> <PostalCode>05021</PostalCode> <Country>Mexico</Country> <Phone>(5) 555-4729</Phone> <Fax>(5) 555-3745</Fax> </Customers> <Customers> <CustomerID>ANTON</CustomerID> <CompanyName>Antonio Moreno Taquería</CompanyName> <ContactName>Antonio Moreno</ContactName> <ContactTitle>Owner</ContactTitle> <Address>Mataderos 2312</Address> <City>México D.F.</City> <PostalCode>05023</PostalCode> <Country>Mexico</Country> <Phone>(5) 555-3932</Phone> </Customers> </root>

 

下面首先在服务器稍微准备一下环境

USE [tempdb]
GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customers]( [CustomerID] [nchar](5) NOT NULL, [CompanyName] [nvarchar](40) NOT NULL, [ContactName] [nvarchar](30) NULL, [ContactTitle] [nvarchar](30) NULL, [Address] [nvarchar](60) NULL, [City] [nvarchar](15) NULL, [Region] [nvarchar](15) NULL, [PostalCode] [nvarchar](10) NULL, [Country] [nvarchar](15) NULL, [Phone] [nvarchar](24) NULL, [Fax] [nvarchar](24) NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_InsertCustomer] @CustomerID nchar(5), @CompanyName nvarchar(40), @ContactName nvarchar(30), @ContactTitle nvarchar(30), @Address nvarchar(60), @City nvarchar(15), @Region nvarchar(15), @PostalCode nvarchar(10), @Country nvarchar(15), @Phone nvarchar(24), @Fax nvarchar(24) AS SET NOCOUNT ON INSERT INTO [dbo].[Customers] ( [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactName], [ContactTitle], [Address], [City], [Region], [PostalCode], [Country], [Phone], [Fax] ) VALUES ( @CustomerID, @CompanyName, @ContactName, @ContactTitle, @Address, @City, @Region, @PostalCode, @Country, @Phone, @Fax )
 
 
我们在tempdb中创建了一个表和一个存储过程
 
首先,我们把数据加载到一个DataSet
        DataSet ds = new DataSet();
        private void btLoadData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string dataFile = "CustomersData.xml"; ds.ReadXml(dataFile); bindingSource1.DataSource = ds; bindingSource1.DataMember = "Customers"; dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1; }

然后,我们第一个测试代码是遍历这个DataSet,每一行提交一次

        private string GetConnectionString() { return "server=(local);database=tempdb;integrated security=true;"; } /// <summary> /// 直接遍历,一个一个的提交给服务器。时间为265毫秒左右 /// 每一行都需要写日志 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btOneByOne_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionString()); SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand(); cmd.CommandText = "usp_InsertCustomer"; cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; conn.Open(); TimeSpan startTime = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().UserProcessorTime; foreach (DataRow row in ds.Tables[0].Rows) { cmd.Parameters.Clear(); SqlParameter[] param = new SqlParameter[]{ new SqlParameter("@CustomerID",row[0].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@CompanyName",row[1].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@ContactName",row[2].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@ContactTitle",row[3].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@Address",row[4].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@City",row[5].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@Region",row[6].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@PostalCode",row[7].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@Country",row[8].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@Phone",row[9].ToString()), new SqlParameter("@Fax",row[10].ToString()) }; cmd.Parameters.AddRange(param); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } conn.Close(); TimeSpan duration = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().UserProcessorTime.Subtract(startTime); MessageBox.Show("已经全部插入成功,所用时间为" + duration.Milliseconds.ToString() + "毫秒"); }

 

接下来,我们使用ADO.NET内置的一个DataAdapter来提交

        /// <summary>
        /// 这是使用Adapter的方式,其实还是遍历,而且语法也没有简单 /// 同时,速度甚至更慢。时间为650毫秒左右 /// 每一行都需要写日志 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btUseAdapter_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(); adapter.AcceptChangesDuringUpdate = false;//为了演示目的,把这个开关关掉,以免它在更新完成后把数据集标记为未更改 adapter.UpdateBatchSize = 10;//这个好像也没有什么用 SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionString()); SqlCommand insertCommand = conn.CreateCommand(); insertCommand.CommandText = "usp_InsertCustomer"; insertCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; insertCommand.UpdatedRowSource = UpdateRowSource.None; insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar, 5, "CustomerID"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40, "CompanyName"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@ContactName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 30, "ContactName"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@ContactTitle", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 30, "ContactTitle"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Address", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 60, "Address"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@City", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 15, "City"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Region", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 15, "Region"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@PostalCode", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 10, "PostalCode"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Country", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 15, "Country"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Phone", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 24, "Phone"); insertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Fax", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 24, "Fax"); adapter.InsertCommand = insertCommand; TimeSpan startTime = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().UserProcessorTime; adapter.Update(ds,"Customers"); TimeSpan duration = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().UserProcessorTime.Subtract(startTime); MessageBox.Show("已经全部插入成功,所用时间为" + duration.Milliseconds.ToString() + "毫秒"); }

 

最后,我们找到了最快的方法

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用新的API,批量导入,这个速度很快,大约26毫秒,很显然,这种方式只写一次日志,不会为每一行写日志 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btBCP_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionString())) { SqlBulkCopy bcp = new SqlBulkCopy(conn); bcp.DestinationTableName = "Customers"; bcp.BatchSize = 100;//这是批尺寸可以调整 for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) { bcp.ColumnMappings.Add(i, i); } TimeSpan startTime = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().UserProcessorTime; conn.Open(); bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]); TimeSpan duration = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().UserProcessorTime.Subtract(startTime); MessageBox.Show("已经全部插入成功,所用时间为" + duration.Milliseconds.ToString() + "毫秒"); } }

 

还有一种办法是通过在服务器OPENXML,因为XML反复处理效率很差,所以就没有测试了,可以断定它肯定比其他几种还要慢。

另外提示一下,如果不用编程的方式,那么有其他三个可能的途径去做这个事情

1. BCP工具(这是一个命令行,可以做导入和导出,不过来源文件如果不规范,那么可能很费劲)

2. BULK INSERT语句(这是一个T-SQL语句,只能做导入,我们上面使用的SQLBULKCopy应该和他很类似)

3. XML Bulk Load(这是一套COM的对象模型,适合导入XML文档)

 

还有,在做大量的数据导入和导出时,可以考虑微软为SQL Server配套的SSIS(Integration Service)

 

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