偶然使用公司的服务器做压力测试,就在阿里云中看了服务器信息,发现在shell 中只能看见40G的硬盘,但是在阿里云网站中却显示还有一块200G的硬盘,那就是没有挂载,让那40G空间的磁盘承受了不该承受的压力
下面是挂载步骤,参考阿里云官方文档:分区格式化数据盘(Linux) (aliyun.com)
Xshell 7 (Build 0096)
Copyright (c) 2020 NetSarang Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$
Connecting to 39.104.53.178:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
Last login: Wed May 4 11:52:12 2022 from 111.194.44.180
Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !
## 这里可以发现并没有显示 200G 的硬盘
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 572K 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 40G 32G 5.9G 85% /
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
## 但是直接查看分区信息是可以看见的
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b2d99
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 83875364 41936658+ 83 Linux
## 它在这里
Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
后面有两个步骤二,针对不同的分区方式
## 安装个工具
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# yum install -y parted
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/5): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 96 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/5): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:00
(4/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 246 kB 00:00:00
(5/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 15 MB 00:00:00
Package parted-3.1-32.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
## 另一个工具
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# yum install -y e2fsprogs
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package e2fsprogs-1.42.9-19.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
## 运行以下命令开始分区
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# parted /dev/vdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
(parted)
(parted)
(parted) help
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
## 运行以下命令,设置GPT分区格式
(parted) mklabel gpt
## 运行以下命令,划分一个主分区,并设置分区的开始位置和结束位置
(parted) mkpart primary 1 100%
## 运行以下命令,检查分区是否对齐
(parted) align-check optimal 1
1 aligned
## 运行以下命令,查看分区表
(parted) print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 215GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 215GB 215GB primary
## 运行以下命令,退出Parted工具
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
## 运行以下命令,使系统重读分区表
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# partprobe
## 运行以下命令,查看新分区信息 如果出现gpt的相关信息,表示新分区已创建完成
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# fdisk -lu /dev/vdb
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
## 在这里(gpt)
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 426A3CC1-8187-4E3B-90FB-773832C38D5F
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 419428351 200G Microsoft basic primary
## 运行以下命令对数据盘进行分区
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# fdisk -u /dev/vdb
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
## 输入p查看数据盘的分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 426A3CC1-8187-4E3B-90FB-773832C38D5F
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 419428351 200G Microsoft basic primary
## 输入n创建一个新分区。
Command (m for help): n
## 输入p选择分区类型为主分区
Partition number (2-128, default 2): p
First sector (34-419430366, default 419428352):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (419428352-419430366, default 419430366):
Created partition 2
## 输入w开始分区,并在完成分区后退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
## 运行以下命令,查看新分区信息 如果出现/dev/vdb1的相关信息,表示新分区已创建完成
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# fdisk -lu /dev/vdb
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 426A3CC1-8187-4E3B-90FB-773832C38D5F
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 419428351 200G Microsoft basic primary
2 419428352 419430366 1007.5K Linux filesyste
## 运行以下命令,创建一个ext4文件系统,下面还有一个创建 xfs文件系统 的命令,选一个就行
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
13107200 inodes, 52428288 blocks
2621414 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2199912448
1600 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
## 运行以下命令,创建一个xfs文件系统
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vdb1
mkfs.xfs: /dev/vdb1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (ext4).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
## 运行以下命令,备份/etc/fstab文件
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
## 在/etc/fstab里写入新分区信息 如果您使用root用户,可以运行以下命令直接修改/etc/fstab文件
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# echo `blkid /dev/vdb1 | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/\"//g'` /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
## 运行以下命令,查看/etc/fstab中的新分区信息
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 11 02:52:01 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1114fe9e-2309-4580-b183-d778e6d97397 / ext4 defaults 1 1
/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=25cf0120-fb93-462c-92f5-438ec41b0383 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0
## 运行以下命令,挂载/etc/fstab配置的文件系统
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# mount -a
## 运行以下命令,检查挂载结果
[root@iZhp3h4x7t41yl0eevhf1dZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 616K 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 40G 32G 5.9G 85% /
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1 197G 61M 187G 1% /mnt ## 在这里