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fdisk命令
语法
fdisk(选项)(参数)
选项
-b<分区大小>：指定每个分区的大小；
-l：列出指定的外围设备的分区表状况；
-s<分区编号>：将指定的分区大小输出到标准输出上，单位为区块；
-u：搭配"-l"参数列表，会用分区数目取代柱面数目，来表示每个分区的起始地址；
-v：显示版本信息。
参数
设备文件：指定要进行分区或者显示分区的硬盘设备文件。
查看磁盘信息
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 * 1 5222 41940992 83 Linux
进行分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
输入m列出可以执行的命令：
中文翻译菜单:
命令 (m for help): m
命令作用
a 切换启动标识
b 编辑 Bsd 磁盘标签
c 切换 Dos 兼容性标志
d 删除一个分区
l 列出已知分区类型
m 打印此菜单
n 添加一个新的分区
o 创建一个空的 Dos 分区表
p 打印分区表
q 退出而不保留更改
s 创建一个空的 Sun 磁盘标签
t 更改分区系统 ID
u 改变 显示/输入 单位
v 验证分区表
w 写入表到磁盘并退出（保存并退出）
x 额外功能（专家模式）
输入p列出磁盘目前的分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1 8001 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 2 26 200812+ 83 Linux
输入d然后选择分区，删除现有分区：
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
查看分区情况，确认分区已经删除：
Command (m for help): print
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
输入n建立新的磁盘分区，首先建立两个主磁盘分区：
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p //建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 //分区号
First cylinder (1-391, default 1): //分区起始位置
Using default value 1
last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100 //分区结束位置，单位为扇区
Command (m for help): n //再建立一个分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2 //分区号为2
First cylinder (101-391, default 101):
Using default value 101
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M //分区结束位置，单位为M
确认分区建立成功：
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux
再建立一个逻辑分区：
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e //选择扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391):
Using default value 391
确认扩展分区建立成功：
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended
在扩展分区上建立两个逻辑分区：
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l //选择逻辑分区
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (176-391, default 176):
Using default value 176
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391):
Using default value 391
确认逻辑分区建立成功：
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 126 175 401593+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 176 391 1734988+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
最后对分区操作进行保存：
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
217280 inodes, 433747 blocks
21687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=444596224
14 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15520 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]#
分区挂载并查看检验
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /web
df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
6.7G 2.8G 3.6G 44% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 773M 808K 733M 1% /oracle
/dev/sdb6 1.7G 35M 1.6G 3% /web