Java绘制图表框架JFreeChart入门
1.下载JFreeChart框架
http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/
这里下载的是最新版本：JFreeChart 1.0.17
2.使用MyEclipse创建一个web项目，名称为jfreechart，导入第1步下载好的jfreechart并将其中的：jfreechart-1.0.17.jar和jcommon-1.0.21.jar 两个jar包，如下图所示：
3.创建处理绘制图表请求的servlet：JFreeChartServlet ，源码如下：
package org.xjh.jfreechart;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartUtilities;
import org.xjh.web.chart.BarChartTest;
import org.xjh.web.chart.LineChartTest;
import org.xjh.web.chart.PieChartTest;
import org.xjh.web.chart.RingChartTest;
/**
* 处理绘制图表请求
*
* @author xjh
*
*/
public class JFreeChartServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//根据客户端请求的图表类型，进行相应的图表绘制
String chartType = request.getParameter("chartType");
//如果没有提供图表类型
if(chartType == null || "".equals(chartType.trim())){
//提示错误
request.setAttribute("message", "请提供图表类型！");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
return;
}
//设置默认图表宽高
int width = 600;
int height = 400;
//根据客户端传递过来的宽高设置图表的宽高
try {
width = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("width"));
height = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("height"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//设置响应的内容类型为图片形式
response.setContentType("image/png");
//根据客户端请求的图表类型绘制相应的图表
if ("bar".equals(chartType)) { //柱状图
BarChartTest t = new BarChartTest();
ChartUtilities.writeChartAsPNG(response.getOutputStream(),
t.createBarChart2D(), width, height, null); //将图表转成图片形式
} else if ("pie".equals(chartType)) { //饼状图
PieChartTest t = new PieChartTest();
ChartUtilities.writeChartAsPNG(response.getOutputStream(),
t.createPieChart(), width, height, null);
} else if ("line".equals(chartType)) { //线条图
LineChartTest t = new LineChartTest();
ChartUtilities.writeChartAsPNG(response.getOutputStream(),
t.createLineChart(), width, height, null);
} else if ("ring".equals(chartType)) { //环状图
RingChartTest t = new RingChartTest();
ChartUtilities.writeChartAsPNG(response.getOutputStream(),
t.createRingChart(), width, height, null);
}
}
}
4.分别创建用于绘制“柱状图”、“饼状图”、“线条图”、“环状图”的测试类。
4.1 绘制柱状图的类的源码
package org.xjh.web.chart;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.GradientPaint;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.CategoryAxis;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.CategoryLabelPositions;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.NumberAxis;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.CategoryPlot;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.category.BarRenderer;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.category.BarRenderer3D;
import org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset;
import org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset;
import org.jfree.data.general.DatasetUtilities;
/**
* 柱状图测试
* @author xjh
*
*/
public class BarChartTest {
/**
* 得到2D柱状图的数据集合
*
* @return
*/
private CategoryDataset getDataset2D() {
String str1 = "First";
String str2 = "Second";
String str3 = "Third";
String str4 = "Category 1";
String str5 = "Category 2";
String str6 = "Category 3";
String str7 = "Category 4";
String str8 = "Category 5";
DefaultCategoryDataset localDefaultCategoryDataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset();
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(1.0D, str1, str4);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(4.0D, str1, str5);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(3.0D, str1, str6);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(5.0D, str1, str7);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(5.0D, str1, str8);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(5.0D, str2, str4);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(7.0D, str2, str5);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(6.0D, str2, str6);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(8.0D, str2, str7);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(4.0D, str2, str8);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(4.0D, str3, str4);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(3.0D, str3, str5);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(2.0D, str3, str6);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(3.0D, str3, str7);
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(6.0D, str3, str8);
return localDefaultCategoryDataset;
}
/**
* 创建2D柱状图
*
* @param paramCategoryDataset
* @return
*/
public JFreeChart createBarChart2D() {
//得到2D柱状图的数据集合
CategoryDataset paramCategoryDataset = getDataset2D();
//创建柱状图
JFreeChart localJFreeChart = ChartFactory.createBarChart(
"Bar Chart Demo", "Category", "Value", paramCategoryDataset,
PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, true, false);
//设置柱状图属性
localJFreeChart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);
//获取柱状图的标注点集合
CategoryPlot localCategoryPlot = localJFreeChart.getCategoryPlot();
//设置标注点的背景色
localCategoryPlot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray);
//设置绘制区域的方格线的颜色
localCategoryPlot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.white);
//是方格线可见
localCategoryPlot.setDomainGridlinesVisible(true);
//设置方格线变动绘制颜色
localCategoryPlot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white);
//得到数值坐标轴
NumberAxis localNumberAxis = (NumberAxis) localCategoryPlot
.getRangeAxis();
//设置坐标轴单元
localNumberAxis.setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis
.createIntegerTickUnits());
//得到柱状图渲染器
BarRenderer localBarRenderer = (BarRenderer) localCategoryPlot
.getRenderer();
//如果超出绘制区域边界将不可见
localBarRenderer.setDrawBarOutline(false);
//创建倾斜度对象
GradientPaint localGradientPaint1 = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F,
Color.blue, 0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(0, 0, 64));
GradientPaint localGradientPaint2 = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F,
Color.green, 0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(0, 64, 0));
GradientPaint localGradientPaint3 = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F,
Color.red, 0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(64, 0, 0));
//为渲染器设置倾斜度
localBarRenderer.setSeriesPaint(0, localGradientPaint1);
localBarRenderer.setSeriesPaint(1, localGradientPaint2);
localBarRenderer.setSeriesPaint(2, localGradientPaint3);
//旋转坐标轴
CategoryAxis localCategoryAxis = localCategoryPlot.getDomainAxis();
localCategoryAxis.setCategoryLabelPositions(CategoryLabelPositions
.createUpRotationLabelPositions(0.5235987755982988D));
return localJFreeChart;
}
/**
* 创建3D柱状图
*
* @return
*/
public JFreeChart createBarChart3D() {
// 设置坐标点
double[][] arrayOfDouble = { { 10.0D, 4.0D, 15.0D, 14.0D },
{ -5.0D, -7.0D, 14.0D, -3.0D }, { 6.0D, 17.0D, -12.0D, 7.0D },
{ 7.0D, 15.0D, 11.0D, 0.0D }, { -8.0D, -6.0D, 10.0D, -9.0D },
{ 9.0D, 8.0D, 0.0D, 6.0D }, { -10.0D, 9.0D, 7.0D, 7.0D },
{ 11.0D, 13.0D, 9.0D, 9.0D }, { -3.0D, 7.0D, 11.0D, -10.0D } };
// 创建图表的数据集合，第一个参数：横坐标的文字说明；第二个参数：纵坐标的文字说明；第三个参数：坐标数组
CategoryDataset paramCategoryDataset = DatasetUtilities
.createCategoryDataset("Series ", "Category ", arrayOfDouble);
// 创建3D图表
JFreeChart localJFreeChart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D(
"3D Bar Chart Demo", "Category", "Value", paramCategoryDataset,
PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, true, false);
// 得到横坐标点集合对象
CategoryPlot localCategoryPlot = localJFreeChart.getCategoryPlot();
// 设置方格可见
localCategoryPlot.setDomainGridlinesVisible(true);
// 得到坐标轴
CategoryAxis localCategoryAxis = localCategoryPlot.getDomainAxis();
// 设置标注点位置
localCategoryAxis.setCategoryLabelPositions(CategoryLabelPositions
.createUpRotationLabelPositions(0.3926990816987241D));
// 创建3D柱状图渲染对象
BarRenderer3D localBarRenderer3D = (BarRenderer3D) localCategoryPlot
.getRenderer();
// 设置超出边界不可见
localBarRenderer3D.setDrawBarOutline(false);
// 返回图表对象
return localJFreeChart;
}
}
4.2 绘制饼状图的类的源码
package org.xjh.web.chart;
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GradientPaint;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.RadialGradientPaint;
import java.awt.geom.Point2D;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.PiePlot;
import org.jfree.chart.title.TextTitle;
import org.jfree.data.general.DefaultPieDataset;
import org.jfree.ui.HorizontalAlignment;
import org.jfree.ui.RectangleEdge;
/**
* 饼状图测试
* @author xjh
*
*/
public class PieChartTest {
/**
* Creates a chart.
*
* @return A chart.
*/
public JFreeChart createPieChart() {
//Creates a sample dataset 创建一个简单的数据集
DefaultPieDataset dataset = new DefaultPieDataset();
dataset.setValue("Samsung", new Double(27.8));
dataset.setValue("Others", new Double(55.3));
dataset.setValue("Nokia", new Double(16.8));
dataset.setValue("Apple", new Double(17.1));
//create a chart object 根据饼状图的标题和数据集等参数创建图表对象
JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createPieChart(
"Smart Phones Manufactured / Q3 2011", // chart title
dataset, // data
false, // no legend
true, // tooltips
false // no URL generation
);
// set a custom background for the chart 为饼状图设置背景色
chart.setBackgroundPaint(new GradientPaint(new Point(0, 0), new Color(
20, 20, 20), new Point(400, 200), Color.DARK_GRAY));
// customise the title position and font 为饼状图的标题设置：位置、颜色、字体
TextTitle t = chart.getTitle();
t.setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.LEFT);
t.setPaint(new Color(240, 240, 240));
t.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 26));
//定义饼图的标绘区域
PiePlot plot = (PiePlot) chart.getPlot();
plot.setBackgroundPaint(null);
plot.setInteriorGap(0.04);
plot.setOutlineVisible(false);
// use gradients and white borders for the section colours 为部分颜色加入渐变色和白色边框
plot.setSectionPaint("Others",
createGradientPaint(new Color(200, 200, 255), Color.BLUE)); //在每个标绘区域绘制倾斜的内容
plot.setSectionPaint("Samsung",
createGradientPaint(new Color(255, 200, 200), Color.RED));
plot.setSectionPaint("Apple",
createGradientPaint(new Color(200, 255, 200), Color.GREEN));
plot.setSectionPaint("Nokia",
createGradientPaint(new Color(200, 255, 200), Color.YELLOW));
plot.setBaseSectionOutlinePaint(Color.WHITE);
plot.setSectionOutlinesVisible(true);
plot.setBaseSectionOutlineStroke(new BasicStroke(2.0f));
// customise the section label appearance 为标签定义外观
plot.setLabelFont(new Font("Courier New", Font.BOLD, 20));
plot.setLabelLinkPaint(Color.WHITE);
plot.setLabelLinkStroke(new BasicStroke(2.0f));
plot.setLabelOutlineStroke(null);
plot.setLabelPaint(Color.WHITE);
plot.setLabelBackgroundPaint(null);
// add a subtitle giving the data source 为每个数据源添加子标题
TextTitle source = new TextTitle(
"Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15489523",
new Font("Courier New", Font.PLAIN, 12));
source.setPaint(Color.WHITE);
source.setPosition(RectangleEdge.BOTTOM);
source.setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.RIGHT);
chart.addSubtitle(source);
return chart;
}
/**
* A utility method for creating gradient paints.
* 创建径向梯度着色的绘画
* @param c1 color 1.
* @param c2 color 2.
*
* @return A radial gradient paint.
*/
private RadialGradientPaint createGradientPaint(Color c1, Color c2) {
Point2D center = new Point2D.Float(0, 0);
float radius = 200;
float[] dist = {0.0f, 1.0f};
return new RadialGradientPaint(center, radius, dist,
new Color[] {c1, c2});
}
}
4.3 绘制线型图的类的源码
package org.xjh.web.chart;
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartUtilities;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.NumberAxis;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.CategoryPlot;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.category.LineAndShapeRenderer;
import org.jfree.chart.title.TextTitle;
import org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset;
import org.jfree.ui.HorizontalAlignment;
import org.jfree.ui.RectangleEdge;
/**
* 线状图测试
* @author xjh
*
*/
public class LineChartTest {
public JFreeChart createLineChart() {
//创建分类数据集
DefaultCategoryDataset localDefaultCategoryDataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset();
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(212.0D, "Classes", "JDK 1.0");
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(504.0D, "Classes", "JDK 1.1");
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(1520.0D, "Classes", "JDK 1.2");
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(1842.0D, "Classes", "JDK 1.3");
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(2991.0D, "Classes", "JDK 1.4");
localDefaultCategoryDataset.addValue(3500.0D, "Classes", "JDK 1.5");
//创建线状图
JFreeChart localJFreeChart = ChartFactory.createLineChart("Java Standard Class Library", null, "Class Count", localDefaultCategoryDataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, false, true, false);
localJFreeChart.addSubtitle(new TextTitle("Number of Classes By Release"));
//设置文本标题
TextTitle localTextTitle = new TextTitle("Source: Java In A Nutshell (5th Edition) by David Flanagan (O'Reilly)");
localTextTitle.setFont(new Font("SansSerif", 0, 10));
localTextTitle.setPosition(RectangleEdge.BOTTOM);
localTextTitle.setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.RIGHT);
localJFreeChart.addSubtitle(localTextTitle);
//分类描绘点
CategoryPlot localCategoryPlot = (CategoryPlot)localJFreeChart.getPlot();
localCategoryPlot.setRangePannable(true);
localCategoryPlot.setRangeGridlinesVisible(false);
//设置坐标轴
Object localObject = (NumberAxis)localCategoryPlot.getRangeAxis();
((NumberAxis)localObject).setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis.createIntegerTickUnits());
ChartUtilities.applyCurrentTheme(localJFreeChart);
//得到图表渲染器
LineAndShapeRenderer localLineAndShapeRenderer = (LineAndShapeRenderer)localCategoryPlot.getRenderer();
//设置渲染器属性
localLineAndShapeRenderer.setBaseShapesVisible(true);
localLineAndShapeRenderer.setDrawOutlines(true);
localLineAndShapeRenderer.setUseFillPaint(true);
localLineAndShapeRenderer.setBaseFillPaint(Color.white);
localLineAndShapeRenderer.setSeriesStroke(0, new BasicStroke(3.0F));
localLineAndShapeRenderer.setSeriesOutlineStroke(0, new BasicStroke(2.0F));
localLineAndShapeRenderer.setSeriesShape(0, new Ellipse2D.Double(-5.0D, -5.0D, 10.0D, 10.0D));
return localJFreeChart;
}
}
4.4 绘制环形图的类的源码
package org.xjh.web.chart;
import java.awt.Font;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.RingPlot;
import org.jfree.data.general.DefaultPieDataset;
/**
* 环形图测试
* @author xjh
*
*/
public class RingChartTest {
public JFreeChart createRingChart() {
//创建数据集对象
DefaultPieDataset localDefaultPieDataset = new DefaultPieDataset();
localDefaultPieDataset.setValue("One", new Double(43.200000000000003D));
localDefaultPieDataset.setValue("Two", new Double(10.0D));
localDefaultPieDataset.setValue("Three", new Double(27.5D));
localDefaultPieDataset.setValue("Four", new Double(17.5D));
localDefaultPieDataset.setValue("Five", new Double(11.0D));
localDefaultPieDataset.setValue("Six", new Double(19.399999999999999D));
//创建环形图
JFreeChart localJFreeChart = ChartFactory.createRingChart("Ring Chart Demo 1", localDefaultPieDataset, false, true, false);
//获得环形图标注点并设置它的属性
RingPlot localRingPlot = (RingPlot)localJFreeChart.getPlot();
localRingPlot.setLabelFont(new Font("SansSerif", 0, 12));
localRingPlot.setNoDataMessage("No data available");
localRingPlot.setSectionDepth(0.35D);
localRingPlot.setCircular(false);
localRingPlot.setLabelGap(0.02D);
return localJFreeChart;
}
}
5. 创建测试页面jfreechartTest.jsp ，源码如下：
<%@ page import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
JFreeChart测试
宽： px
高： px
图形类型：
6.整个测四项目的目录结构如下图所示：
7.测试运行
7.1 柱状图测试
7.2 饼状图测试
7.3 线形图测试
7.4 环形图测试
结束语：上面的测试代码都来自JFreeChart中的demo，如果想获得更多的测试用例请参看：jfreechart-1.0.17-demo.jar