python3解析yaml配置

前言

当需要获取yaml文件格式的配置时,需要进行解析

使用说明

安装包pyyaml

pip3 install pyyaml

导入包yaml

import yaml

用法
  • yaml.safe_load(yaml字符串或文件句柄),转换成字典格式,如果yaml中有中文,需要转换为utf-8格式,字符串为:str.encode(‘utf-8′),文件句柄则为:
with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as fr:
	yaml.safe_load(fr)

注:由于yaml.load()支持原生Python对象,不安全,建议使用yaml.safe_load()

示例
  • yaml.safe_load(yaml字符串)

yaml字符串如下所示

yaml_str = '''
name: Cactus
age: 18
skills: 
 -
  - Python
  - 3
 -
  - Java
  - 5
has_blog: true
gf: ~
'''

python终端输出,如下所示:

]# python3
>>> import yaml
>>> yaml_str = '''
... name: Cactus
... age: 18
... skills: 
...  -
...   - Python
...   - 3
...  -
...   - Java
...   - 5
... has_blog: true
... gf: ~
... '''
>>> print(yaml.safe_load(yaml_str)) 
{'name': 'Cactus', 'age': 18, 'skills': [['Python', 3], ['Java', 5]], 'has_blog': True, 'gf': None}
  • yaml.safe_load(文件句柄)
]# cat test.yaml
age: 18
gf: null
has_blog: true
name: Cactus
skills:
- - Python
  - 3
- - Java
  - 5
    
]# cat > test.py <<-EOF
import yaml
with open("test.yaml", encoding='utf-8') as fr:
    print(yaml.safe_load(fr))
EOF
]# python3 test.py
{'age': 18, 'gf': None, 'has_blog': True, 'name': 'Cactus', 'skills': [['Python', 3], ['Java', 5]]}
  • yaml.dump(dict):默认为flow流格式,即字典{b’: {‘c’: 3, ‘d’: 4}},会被转为b: {c: 3, d: 4}形式,可以使用default_flow_style=False关闭流模式
示例
]# cat > test.py <<-EOF
import yaml
yaml_dict = {'name': 'Cactus', 'age': 18, 'skills': [['Python', 3], ['Java', 5]], 'has_blog': True, 'gf': None}
with open('test.yaml', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fw:
    yaml.dump(yaml_dict, fw, default_flow_style=False) # 写入文件,不是用flow流格式,默认为flow流格式
EOF
]# python3 test.py
]# cat test.yaml
age: 18
gf: null
has_blog: true
name: Cactus
skills:
- - Python
  - 3
- - Java
  - 5
    

结语

PyYAML 文档
app.yaml 参考文档
Python Yaml
YAML Example Configurations

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