字母 | 表示 | 层 | 理解 |
---|---|---|---|
M | Modle | 模型层 | 业务的具体实现 |
V | View | 视图层 | 展示数据 |
C | Controller | 控制器层 | 控制业务流程 |
View:视图层,用于存放前端页面
Controller:控制器层,用于存放Servlet(属于中间商)
Modle-Biz/Service:逻辑业务层,用于存放业务具体的实现
Modle-Dao/Mapper:数据持久层,用于存放操作数据的实现
缺点:使用MVC不能减少代码量, 增加系统结构和实现的复杂性
优点:整个项目结构清晰,业务逻辑清晰,降低了代码的耦合性,代码的重用性高
Controller控制器层:controller/servlet/action/web
Modle-Biz 逻辑业务层:service/biz
Modle-Dao 数据持久层:dao/persist/mapper
Filter:过滤器,通过Filter可以拦截访问web资源的请求与响应操作。
Servlet API中提供了一个Filter接口,开发web应用时,如果编写的Java类实现了这个接口,则把这个java类称之为过滤器。他可以拦截Jsp、Servlet、 静态图片文件、静态 html文件等,从而实现一些特殊的功能。
例如:实现URL级别的权限访问控制、过滤敏感词汇、压缩响应信息等一些高级功能。
javax.servlet.Filter接口中的方法介绍:
方法 描述 init(FilterConfig fConfig) 初始化方法 doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) 过滤方法 destroy() 销毁方法
public class Filter01 implements Filter {
public Filter01() {
}
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//chain过滤器链
//注意:如果拦截后不调用doFilter(),请求将无法传到下一个过滤器或服务器里
//chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
<filter>
<filter-name>Filter01filter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.Filter01filter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Filter01filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
客户端对服务器请求之后,服务器在调用Servlet之前,会执行一组过滤器(多个过滤器),那么这组过滤器就称为一条过滤器链。
1.单个过滤器的生命周期:
项目启动时创建Filter01对象,调用Filter01()、init()
2. 因为此过滤器配置的是所有请求拦截,所以发送请求时,调用doFilter() 3. 项目更新或销毁时,调用destroy()
1.创建过滤器类并实现Filter接口
public class Filter01 implements Filter {
public Filter01() {
System.out.println("Filter01 - Filter01()");
}
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter01 - init()");
}
//doFilter(请求,响应,过滤器链)
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter01执行前");
chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
System.out.println("Filter01执行后");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Filter01 - destroy()");
}
}
2.在web.xml配置文件中配置过滤器信息
<filter>
<filter-name>Filter01filter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.Filter01filter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Filter01filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
创建顺序:创建顺序无序
执行顺序:按照web.xml中配置的顺序执行
1.创建过滤器类并实现Filter接口
//----------- Filter01 -----------------------
public class Filter01 implements Filter {
public Filter01() {
System.out.println("Filter01 - Filter01()");
}
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter01 - init()");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter01执行前");
chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
System.out.println("Filter01执行后");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Filter01 - destroy()");
}
}
//----------- Filter02 -----------------------
public class Filter02 implements Filter {
public Filter02() {
System.out.println("Filter02 - Filter02()");
}
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter02 - init()");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter02执行前");
chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
System.out.println("Filter02执行后");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Filter02 - destroy()");
}
}
//----------- Filter03 -----------------------
public class Filter03 implements Filter {
public Filter03() {
System.out.println("Filter03 - Filter03()");
}
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter03 - init()");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter03执行前");
chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
System.out.println("Filter03执行后");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Filter03 - destroy()");
}
}
2.在web.xml配置文件中配置过滤器信息
<filter>
<filter-name>Filter01filter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.Filter01filter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Filter01filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>Filter02filter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.Filter02filter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Filter02filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>Filter03filter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.Filter03filter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Filter03filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
解决请求和响应乱码问题
public class EncodeFilter implements Filter {
private String encode;
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
//获取web.xml中该过滤器的初始化属性
encode = fConfig.getInitParameter("encode");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encode);
req.setCharacterEncoding(encode);
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
<filter>
<filter-name>EncodeFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.EncodeFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodeparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>EncodeFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
解决权限的统一控制问题,没有登录,就不能直接跳转到其他详情页面
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
//获取请求地址
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
//获取请求链接的Get数据
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
if(queryString == null){
queryString = "";
}
if(uri.contains("welcome.jsp") ||uri.contains("login.jsp")
|| uri.contains("register.jsp") || queryString.contains("action=login")
|| queryString.contains("action=register")){
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}else{
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
String user = (String) session.getAttribute("user");
if(user == null){//没登录过
resp.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
}else{//登录过
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
<filter>
<filter-name>LoginFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.LoginFilterfilter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>LoginFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
解决文档内的一个敏感词汇
public class SensitiveWordsFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
chain.doFilter(new MyHttpServletRequestWapper((HttpServletRequest) request), response);//放行
}
public void destroy() {
}
///请求包装类
class MyHttpServletRequestWapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{
public MyHttpServletRequestWapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = super.getParameter(name);
value = value.replaceAll("傻逼", "**");
//把尖括号替换成字符尖括号,替换后不会认为是html里的尖括号符号
value = value.replaceAll("<", "<");
value = value.replaceAll(">", ">");
return value;
}
}
}
<filter>
<filter-name>SensitiveWordsFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>com.dream.filter.SensitiveWordsFilterfilter-class>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SensitiveWordsFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
@WebFilter(
value=“/*”,
initParams= {@WebInitParam(name = “encode”, value = “UTF-8”),
@WebInitParam(name = “name”, value = “java”)}
)
创建顺序:创建顺序无序
执行顺序:按照类名的顺序执行
@WebFilter(value="/*",initParams={@WebInitParam(name="encode",value="UTF-8")})
public class EncodeFilter implements Filter {
...
}
监听器用于监听web应用中某些对象信息的创建、销毁、增加,修改,删除等动作的
发生,然后作出相应的响应处理。当范围对象的状态发生变化的时候,服务器自动调用
监听器对象中的方法。
常用于统计在线人数和在线用户,系统加载时进行信息初始化,统计网站的访问量等。
- 创建类
- 实现指定的监听器接口中的方法
- 在web.xml文件中配置监听/在类上标注@WebListener 注解
监听域对象 创建与销毁的监听器
监听器接口 | 描述 |
---|---|
ServletContextListener | 监听Servlet上下文对象的创建、销毁 |
HttpSessionListener | 监听会话对象的创建、销毁 |
ServletRequestListener | 监听请求对象的创建、销毁 |
Servlet上下文对象 创建和销毁的监听器
public class ApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener {
//Servlet上下文对象创建的时候被调用
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent contextEvent) {
System.out.println("Servlet上下文对象被创建啦...");
//项目一旦启动,此处代码运行!
Timer timer=new Timer();
//5秒钟之后开始执行,以后每间隔2秒发送一封邮件!
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
//System.out.println("发邮件...."+new Date());
}
}, 5000, 2000);
}
//Servlet上下文对象销毁的时候被调用
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent contextEvent) {
System.out.println("Servlet上下文对象被销毁啦...");
//服务器在停止的时候,要执行某些动作,那么就可以把代码写在这个位置!!!
}
}
<listener>
<listener-class>com.dream.listener.ApplicationListenerlistener-class>
listener>
会话对象 创建和销毁的监听器
@WebListener
public class SessionListener implements HttpSessionListener{
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) {
HttpSession session = event.getSession();
System.out.println("session对象创建啦...."+session.getId());
}
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) {
HttpSession session = event.getSession();
System.out.println("session对象销毁啦...."+session.getId());
}
}
请求对象的创建和销毁的监听器
@WebListener
public class RequestListener implements ServletRequestListener{
@Override
public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent event) {
ServletRequest request = event.getServletRequest();
System.out.println("Request对象的创建...."+request);
}
@Override
public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent event) {
ServletRequest request = event.getServletRequest();
System.out.println("Request对象的销毁...."+request);
}
}
@WebListener
public class ApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener{
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
//项目启动,向application对象中存一个变量,初始值0
ServletContext application = event.getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("count", 0);
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
}
}
@WebListener
public class SessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) {
// 有人访问了 count++
HttpSession session = event.getSession();
ServletContext application = session.getServletContext();
int count =(Integer) application.getAttribute("count");
count++;
application.setAttribute("count", count);
}
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) {
// 有人离开了 count--
HttpSession session = event.getSession();
ServletContext application = session.getServletContext();
Integer count =(Integer) application.getAttribute("count");
count--;
application.setAttribute("count", count);
}
}
监听域对象属性变化的监听器
监听器接口 | 描述 |
---|---|
ServletContextAttributeListener | 监听Servlet上下文对象属性的创建、删除、替换 |
HttpSessionAttributeListener | 监听会话对象属性的创建、删除、替换 |
ServletRequestAttributeListener | 监听请求对象属性的创建、删除、替换 |
Servlet上下文对象属性变化的监听器
@WebListener
public class ApplicationAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener{
//Servlet上下文对象新增值的时候被调用
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
String str = "Servlet上下文对象中添加了属性:"+event.getName()
+",属性值是:"+event.getValue();
System.out.println(str);
}
//Servlet上下文对象删除值的时候被调用
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
String str = "Servlet上下文对象中删除了属性:"+event.getName()
+",属性值是:"+event.getValue();
System.out.println(str);
}
//Servlet上下文对象替换值的时候被调用
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
String str = "Servlet上下文对象中替换了属性:"+event.getName()
+",属性值是:"+event.getValue();
System.out.println(str);
}
}
前两类监听器是作用在 ServletContext HttpSession ServletRequest上
第三类监听器是作用在JavaBean上的。
注意:这类监听器不需要在web.xml中配置
监听器接口 | 描述 |
---|---|
HttpSessionBindingListener | 监听会话对象中JavaBean对象的绑定、删除 |
HttpSessionActivationListener | 监听会话对象中JavaBean对象的钝化、活化 |
会话对象中JavaBean对象的绑定和删除的监听器
实现了HttpSessionBindingListener接口的JavaBean对象可以感知自己被绑定到Session中和 Session中删除的事件
- 当对象被绑定到HttpSession对象中时,web服务器调用该对象的
void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event)方法
- 当对象从HttpSession对象中解除绑定时,web服务器调用该对象的
void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event)方法
public class User implements HttpSessionBindingListener {
private int id;
private String name;
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
System.out.println("对象绑定到了Session中");
}
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
System.out.println("对象从Session中移除");
}
}
<%@ page import="com.dream.vo.User"%>
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>ServletContextAttributeListener监听器测试title>
head>
<body>
<%
User user = new User(1, "aaa");
session.setAttribute("user", user);
session.removeAttribute("user");
%>
body>
html>
会话对象中JavaBean对象的钝化和活化的监听器
实现了HttpSessionActivationListener接口的JavaBean对象可以感知自己被活化(反序列化)和钝化(序列化)的事件
钝化(序列化):在内存中JavaBean对象通过Session存储硬盘的过程
活化(反序列化):从硬盘中通过Session取出JavaBean对象到内存的过程
- javabean对象将要随Session对象被钝化(序列化)之前,web服务器调用该对象的
void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent event) 方法
这样javabean对象就可以知道自己将要和Session对象一起被钝化到硬盘中
- javabean对象将要随Session对象被活化(反序列化)之后,web服务器调用该对象的void sessionDidActive(HttpSessionEvent event)方法
这样javabean对象就可以知道自己将要和Session对象一起被活化回到内存中
注意: 想要随着Session 被钝化、活化的对象它的类必须实现Serializable 接口,放在
Session中没有实现Serilizable接口的对象,在Session钝化时,不会被序列化到磁盘上。
public class User implements Serializable, HttpSessionActivationListener{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1566395353697458460L;
private int id;
private String name;
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
//钝化
@Override
public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent event) {
System.out.println("对象被钝化......." + event.getSource());
}
//活化
@Override
public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent event) {
System.out.println("对象被活化......");
}
}
在WebContent\META-INF文件夹下创建一个context.xml文件
<Context>
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager"
maxIdleSwap="1">
<Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore"
directory="C:\\text" />
Manager>
Context>
钝化:当服务器正常关闭时,还存活着的session(在设置时间内没有销毁) 会随着服务器的关闭被以文件(“SESSIONS.ser”)的形式存储在tomcat 的work 目录下,这个过程叫做Session 的钝化。
活化:当服务器再次正常开启时,服务器会找到之前的“SESSIONS.ser” 文件,从中恢复之前保存起来的Session 对象,这个过程叫做Session的活化。
注意事项
- 想要随着Session 被钝化、活化的对象它的类必须实现Serializable 接口,还有的是只有在服务器正常关闭的条件下,还未超时的Session 才会被钝化成文件。当Session 超时、调用invalidate方法或者服务器在非正常情况下关闭时,Session 都不会被钝化,因此也就不存在活化。
- 在被钝化成“SESSIONS.ser” 文件时,不会因为超过Session 过期时间而消失,这个文件会一直存在,等到下一次服务器开启时消失。
- 当多个Session 被钝化时,这些被钝化的Session 都被保存在一个文件中,并不会为每个Session 都建立一个文件。