7.1 处理缺失值
目录
-
- 7.1 处理缺失值
-
- 7.1.1 过滤缺失值
- 7.1.2 补全缺失值
7.1 处理缺失值
isnull()
In [10]: string_data = pd.Series(['aardvark', 'artichoke', np.nan, 'avocado'])
In [11]: string_data
Out[11]:
0 aardvark
1 artichoke
2 NaN
3 avocado
dtype: object
In [12]: string_data.isnull()
Out[12]:
0 False
1 False
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
In [13]: string_data[0] = None
In [14]: string_data.isnull()
Out[14]:
0 True
1 False
2 True
3 False
dtype: bool
7.1.1 过滤缺失值
dropna()
In [15]: from numpy import nan as NA
In [16]: data = pd.Series([1, NA, 3.5, NA, 7])
In [17]: data.dropna()
Out[17]:
0 1.0
2 3.5
4 7.0
dtype: float64
In [18]: data[data.notnull()]
Out[18]:
0 1.0
2 3.5
4 7.0
dtype: float64
DataFrame的dropna()默认删除含NA的行
In [19]: data = pd.DataFrame([[1., 6.5, 3.], [1., NA, NA],
....: [NA, NA, NA], [NA, 6.5, 3.]])
In [20]: cleaned = data.dropna()
In [21]: data
Out[21]:
0 1 2
0 1.0 6.5 3.0
1 1.0 NaN NaN
2 NaN NaN NaN
3 NaN 6.5 3.0
In [22]: cleaned
Out[22]:
0 1 2
0 1.0 6.5 3.0
how='all'
In [23]: data.dropna(how='all')
Out[23]:
0 1 2
0 1.0 6.5 3.0
1 1.0 NaN NaN
3 NaN 6.5 3.0
axis=1，表示列
In [24]: data[4] = NA
In [25]: data
Out[25]:
0 1 2 4
0 1.0 6.5 3.0 NaN
1 1.0 NaN NaN NaN
2 NaN NaN NaN NaN
3 NaN 6.5 3.0 NaN
In [26]: data.dropna(axis=1, how='all')
Out[26]:
0 1 2
0 1.0 6.5 3.0
1 1.0 NaN NaN
2 NaN NaN NaN
3 NaN 6.5 3.0
- 只想
保留包含一定数量的行，你可以用thresh参数来表示：
In [27]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(7, 3))
In [28]: df.iloc[:4, 1] = NA
In [29]: df.iloc[:2, 2] = NA
In [30]: df
Out[30]:
0 1 2
0 -0.204708 NaN NaN
1 -0.555730 NaN NaN
2 0.092908 NaN 0.769023
3 1.246435 NaN -1.296221
4 0.274992 0.228913 1.352917
5 0.886429 -2.001637 -0.371843
6 1.669025 -0.438570 -0.539741
In [31]: df.dropna()
Out[31]:
0 1 2
4 0.274992 0.228913 1.352917
5 0.886429 -2.001637 -0.371843
6 1.669025 -0.438570 -0.539741
In [32]: df.dropna(thresh=2)
Out[32]:
0 1 2
2 0.092908 NaN 0.769023
3 1.246435 NaN -1.296221
4 0.274992 0.228913 1.352917
5 0.886429 -2.001637 -0.371843
6 1.669025 -0.438570 -0.539741
7.1.2 补全缺失值
fillna
In [33]: df.fillna(0)
Out[33]:
0 1 2
0 -0.204708 0.000000 0.000000
1 -0.555730 0.000000 0.000000
2 0.092908 0.000000 0.769023
3 1.246435 0.000000 -1.296221
4 0.274992 0.228913 1.352917
5 0.886429 -2.001637 -0.371843
6 1.669025 -0.438570 -0.539741
使用字典，为不同列设定不同的填充值：
In [34]: df.fillna({1: 0.5, 2: 0})
Out[34]:
0 1 2
0 -0.204708 0.500000 0.000000
1 -0.555730 0.500000 0.000000
2 0.092908 0.500000 0.769023
3 1.246435 0.500000 -1.296221
4 0.274992 0.228913 1.352917
5 0.886429 -2.001637 -0.371843
6 1.669025 -0.438570 -0.539741
fillna返回的是一个新的对象，但你也可以修改已经存在的对象：_代表自己
In [35]: _ = df.fillna(0, inplace=True)
In [36]: df
Out[36]:
0 1 2
0 -0.204708 0.000000 0.000000
1 -0.555730 0.000000 0.000000
2 0.092908 0.000000 0.769023
3 1.246435 0.000000 -1.296221
4 0.274992 0.228913 1.352917
5 0.886429 -2.001637 -0.371843
6 1.669025 -0.438570 -0.539741
用于重建索引的相同的插值方法，也可以用于fillna：
In [37]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6, 3))
In [38]: df.iloc[2:, 1] = NA
In [39]: df.iloc[4:, 2] = NA
In [40]: df
Out[40]:
0 1 2
0 0.476985 3.248944 -1.021228
1 -0.577087 0.124121 0.302614
2 0.523772 NaN 1.343810
3 -0.713544 NaN -2.370232
4 -1.860761 NaN NaN
5 -1.265934 NaN NaN
ffill
In [41]: df.fillna(method='ffill')
Out[41]:
0 1 2
0 0.476985 3.248944 -1.021228
1 -0.577087 0.124121 0.302614
2 0.523772 0.124121 1.343810
3 -0.713544 0.124121 -2.370232
4 -1.860761 0.124121 -2.370232
5 -1.265934 0.124121 -2.370232
ffill和limit
In [42]: df.fillna(method='ffill', limit=2)
Out[42]:
0 1 2
0 0.476985 3.248944 -1.021228
1 -0.577087 0.124121 0.302614
2 0.523772 0.124121 1.343810
3 -0.713544 0.124121 -2.370232
4 -1.860761 NaN -2.370232
5 -1.265934 NaN -2.370232
使用fillna你可以完成很多带有一点创造性的工作。例如，你可以将Series的平均值或中位数用于填充缺失值：
In [43]: data = pd.Series([1., NA, 3.5, NA, 7])
In [44]: data.fillna(data.mean())
Out[44]:
0 1.000000
1 3.833333
2 3.500000
3 3.833333
4 7.000000
dtype: float64
