自己手写一个 Spring Boot Starter

为什么要 starter ?

Spring Boot Starter 的 POM 文件中,引入了各种 jar 文件,当你想拥有某个功能的时候,引入 starter 即可。

比如 常见的 starter 有 spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-test、spring-boot-starter-jdbc,将这些 starter 添加到 POM 文件中,就拥有了对应了能力。

自定义 starter

样例:自定义一个 starter,通过配置文件,输出姓名和年龄

添加依赖


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
    <version>2.5.3version>
    <relativePath/> 
  parent>
  <groupId>com.examplegroupId>
  <artifactId>CustomSpringBootStarterartifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
  <name>CustomSpringBootStartername>
  <description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
  <properties>
    <java.version>1.8java.version>
  properties>
  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigureartifactId>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processorartifactId>
      <optional>trueoptional>
    dependency>

  dependencies>

project>

新建服务类

用于调用测试

public class TestService {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public TestService(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void test(){
        System.out.println("Hello " + name + ", your age is " + age);
    }
}

新建属性配置类

读取配置文件

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "start")
public class TestProperties {

    private String name;

    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

编写自动配置类

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(TestService.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(TestProperties.class)
public class TestServiceConfiguration {

    @Autowired
    private TestProperties testProperties;

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public TestService testService(){
        return new TestService(testProperties.getName(),testProperties.getAge());
    }
}

添加配置管理

starter 配置分为被动生效和主动生效两种场景,被动生效就是当它被添加到依赖的项目中时,自动被装载到 Spring 容器中;而主动生效则需要主动声明 starter 才会将 starter 里面声明的 Bean 添加到 Spring 容器中。

  • 被动生效,依赖时就生效
    在 resource/META-INF/ 目录下面,新建 spring.factories 文件
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
  com.example.customspringbootstarter.configuration.TestServiceConfiguration
  • 主动生效

自定义注解,通过 @Import 将配置类引入进来。

测试时需要在启动类上加上该注解才能生效

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Import(TestServiceConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableTest {
}

测试验证 starter

仅验证 starter 被动生效场景

  • 新建 Spring Boot 项目,添加上面 starter 依赖

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.example</groupId>
      <artifactId>CustomSpringBootStarter</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    
  • application.properties 配置

    start.age = 18
    start.name=Answer
    
  • 运行 Main 函数进行测试输出

@SpringBootApplication
public class CutomerSpringBootStarterTestApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CutomerSpringBootStarterTestApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Autowired
    private TestService testService;

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        testService.test();
    }
}

输出:

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.5.3)

2021-08-02 13:43:04.480  INFO 14400 --- [           main] .CutomerSpringBootStarterTestApplication : Starting CutomerSpringBootStarterTestApplication using Java 1.8.0_211 on Answer with PID 14400 (C:\Users\answer\Documents\CutomerSpringBootStarterTest\target\classes started by answer in C:\Users\answer\Documents\CutomerSpringBootStarterTest)
2021-08-02 13:43:04.483  INFO 14400 --- [           main] .CutomerSpringBootStarterTestApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-08-02 13:43:05.115  INFO 14400 --- [           main] .CutomerSpringBootStarterTestApplication : Started CutomerSpringBootStarterTestApplication in 1.362 seconds (JVM running for 3.115)
Hello Answer, your age is 18

总结

starter 主动生效与被动生效:若在 META-INF/spring.factories 中指定了配置类,那么 starter 将自动被装载到 Spring 容器中;否则需要通过 @Import 方式将配置类装载到 Spring 容器中。

命名规范:自己写的 starter 命名规则建议为 {name}-spring-boot-starter,Spring 官方 starter 的命名通常为 spring-boot-starter-{name}

自动装配流程:Spring Boot 扫描依赖包中的 spring.factories 文件,加载 EnableAutoConfiguration 指定的配置类,将配置类里面的 Bean 加载到 Spring 容器中。

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