算法课程设计：使用Python完成可视化的五子棋AI
目录
- 基本信息
-
- 参考文献
- 环境需求
- 程序
-
- 代码（Python3.7）
- 运行效果
- 说明
基本信息
参考文献
- 陆嘉诚,王楚虹,师文庆,黄江.基于Python的飞机大战游戏开发[J].机电工程技术,2020,49(03):75-77.
- 刘班.基于Pygame快速开发游戏软件[J].数字技术与应用,2013(08):130.
- 潘雨馨,李文彬.一种基于攻防估分算法的智能五子棋游戏设计[J].现代计算机(专业版),2017(34):45-49.
环境需求
想要运行这款五子棋软件，你至少需要具有如下环境：
- Python3或更高版本
- Pygame1.5或更高版本
- 其他常用Python库：enum、copy、time
程序
代码（Python3.7）
from enum import IntEnum
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import copy
import time
version = 'FiveChessV2.0 author:ZeHao Cao most_recent_updated:2020/6/4 21:24'
# 基础参数设置
square_size = 40 # 单格的宽度（不是格数！是为了方便绘制棋盘用的变量
chess_size = square_size // 2 - 2 # 棋子大小
web_broad = 17 # 棋盘格数+1（nxn）
map_w = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘长度
map_h = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘高度
info_w = 60 # 按钮界面宽度
button_w = 140 # 按钮长宽
button_h = 50
screen_w = map_w # 总窗口长宽
screen_h = map_h + info_w
# 地图绘制模块
class MAP_ENUM(IntEnum): # 用数字表示当前格的情况
be_empty = 0, # 无人下
player1 = 1, # 玩家一，执白
player2 = 2, # 玩家二，执黑
out_of_range = 3, # 出界
class Map: # 地图类
def __init__(self, width, height): # 构造函数
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] # 存储棋盘的二维数组
self.steps = [] # 记录步骤先后
def get_init(self): # 重置棋盘
for y in range(self.height):
for x in range(self.width):
self.map[y][x] = 0
self.steps = []
def intoNextTurn(self, turn): # 进入下一回合，交换下棋人
if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:
return MAP_ENUM.player2
else:
return MAP_ENUM.player1
def getLocate(self, x, y): # 输入下标，返回具体位置
map_x = x * square_size
map_y = y * square_size
return (map_x, map_y, square_size, square_size) # 返回位置信息
def getIndex(self, map_x, map_y): # 输入具体位置，返回下标
x = map_x // square_size
y = map_y // square_size
return (x, y)
def isInside(self, map_x, map_y): # 是否在有效范围内
if (map_x <= 0 or map_x >= map_w or
map_y <= 0 or map_y >= map_h):
return False
return True
def isEmpty(self, x, y): # 当前格子是否已经有棋子
return (self.map[y][x] == 0)
def click(self, x, y, type): # 点击的下棋动作
self.map[y][x] = type.value # 下棋
self.steps.append((x, y)) # 记录步骤信息
def printChessPiece(self, screen): # 绘制棋子
player_one = (255, 245, 238) # 象牙白
player_two = (41, 36, 33) # 烟灰
player_color = [player_one, player_two]
for i in range(len(self.steps)):
x, y = self.steps[i]
map_x, map_y, width, height = self.getLocate(x, y)
pos, radius = (map_x + width // 2, map_y + height // 2), chess_size
turn = self.map[y][x]
pygame.draw.circle(screen, player_color[turn - 1], pos, radius) # 画
def drawBoard(self, screen): # 画棋盘
color = (0, 0, 0) # 线色
for y in range(self.height):
# 画横着的棋盘线
start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y), (
map_w - square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y)
pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)
for x in range(self.width):
# 画竖着的棋盘线
start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2 + square_size * x, square_size // 2), (
square_size // 2 + square_size * x, map_h - square_size // 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)
# 高级AI模块（参考文献）
class SITUATION(IntEnum): # 棋型
NONE = 0, # 无
SLEEP_TWO = 1, # 眠二
LIVE_TWO = 2, # 活二
SLEEP_THREE = 3, # 眠三
LIVE_THREE = 4, # 活三
CHONG_FOUR = 5, # 冲四
LIVE_FOUR = 6, # 活四
LIVE_FIVE = 7, # 活五
SITUATION_NUM = 8 # 长度
# 方便后续调用枚举内容
FIVE = SITUATION.LIVE_FIVE.value
FOUR, THREE, TWO = SITUATION.LIVE_FOUR.value, SITUATION.LIVE_THREE.value, SITUATION.LIVE_TWO.value
SFOUR, STHREE, STWO = SITUATION.CHONG_FOUR.value, SITUATION.SLEEP_THREE.value, SITUATION.SLEEP_TWO.value
class MyChessAI():
def __init__(self, chess_len): # 构造函数
self.len = chess_len # 当前棋盘大小
# 二维数组，每一格存的是：横评分，纵评分，左斜评分，右斜评分
self.record = [[[0, 0, 0, 0] for i in range(chess_len)] for j in range(chess_len)]
# 存储当前格具体棋型数量
self.count = [[0 for i in range(SITUATION_NUM)] for j in range(2)]
# 位置分（同条件下越靠近棋盘中央越高）
self.position_isgreat = [[(web_broad - max(abs(i - web_broad / 2 + 1), abs(j - web_broad / 2 + 1 ))) for i in range(chess_len)]
for j in range(chess_len)]
def get_init(self): # 初始化
for i in range(self.len):
for j in range(self.len):
for k in range(4):
self.record[i][j][k] = 0
for i in range(len(self.count)):
for j in range(len(self.count[0])):
self.count[i][j] = 0
self.save_count = 0
def isWin(self, board, turn): # 当前人胜利
return self.evaluate(board, turn, True)
# 返回所有未下棋坐标（位置从好到坏）
def genmove(self, board, turn):
moves = []
for y in range(self.len):
for x in range(self.len):
if board[y][x] == 0:
score = self.position_isgreat[y][x]
moves.append((score, x, y))
moves.sort(reverse=True)
return moves
# 返回当前最优解下标
def search(self, board, turn):
moves = self.genmove(board, turn)
bestmove = None
max_score = -99999 # 无穷小
for score, x, y in moves:
board[y][x] = turn.value
score = self.evaluate(board, turn)
board[y][x] = 0
if score > max_score:
max_score = score
bestmove = (max_score, x, y)
return bestmove
# 主要用于测试的函数，现在已经没什么用
def findBestChess(self, board, turn):
# time1 = time.time()
score, x, y = self.search(board, turn)
# time2 = time.time()
# print('time[%f] (%d, %d), score[%d] save[%d]' % ((time2 - time1), x, y, score, self.save_count))
return (x, y)
# 根据论文，得出一点的评分（核心代码
# 直接列举所有棋型
def getScore(self, mychess, yourchess):
mscore, oscore = 0, 0
if mychess[FIVE] > 0:
return (10000, 0)
if yourchess[FIVE] > 0:
return (0, 10000)
if mychess[SFOUR] >= 2:
mychess[FOUR] += 1
if yourchess[FOUR] > 0:
return (0, 9050)
if yourchess[SFOUR] > 0:
return (0, 9040)
if mychess[FOUR] > 0:
return (9030, 0)
if mychess[SFOUR] > 0 and mychess[THREE] > 0:
return (9020, 0)
if yourchess[THREE] > 0 and mychess[SFOUR] == 0:
return (0, 9010)
if (mychess[THREE] > 1 and yourchess[THREE] == 0 and yourchess[STHREE] == 0):
return (9000, 0)
if mychess[SFOUR] > 0:
mscore += 2000
if mychess[THREE] > 1:
mscore += 500
elif mychess[THREE] > 0:
mscore += 100
if yourchess[THREE] > 1:
oscore += 2000
elif yourchess[THREE] > 0:
oscore += 400
if mychess[STHREE] > 0:
mscore += mychess[STHREE] * 10
if yourchess[STHREE] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[STHREE] * 10
if mychess[TWO] > 0:
mscore += mychess[TWO] * 4
if yourchess[TWO] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[TWO] * 4
if mychess[STWO] > 0:
mscore += mychess[STWO] * 4
if yourchess[STWO] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[STWO] * 4
return (mscore, oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果
# 对上述得分进行进一步处理
def evaluate(self, board, turn, checkWin=False):
self.get_init()
if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:
me = 1
you = 2
else:
me = 2
you = 1
for y in range(self.len):
for x in range(self.len):
if board[y][x] == me:
self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, me, you)
elif board[y][x] == you:
self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, you, me)
mychess = self.count[me - 1]
yourchess = self.count[you - 1]
if checkWin:
return mychess[FIVE] > 0 # 检查是否已经胜利
else:
mscore, oscore = self.getScore(mychess, yourchess)
return (mscore - oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果
def evaluatePoint(self, board, x, y, me, you):
direction = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 四个方向
for i in range(4):
if self.record[y][x][i] == 0:
# 检查当前方向棋型
self.getBasicSituation(board, x, y, i, direction[i], me, you, self.count[me - 1])
else:
self.save_count += 1
# 把当前方向棋型存储下来，方便后续使用
def getLine(self, board, x, y, direction, me, you):
line = [0 for i in range(9)]
# “光标”移到最左端
tmp_x = x + (-5 * direction[0])
tmp_y = y + (-5 * direction[1])
for i in range(9):
tmp_x += direction[0]
tmp_y += direction[1]
if (tmp_x < 0 or tmp_x >= self.len or tmp_y < 0 or tmp_y >= self.len):
line[i] = you # 出界
else:
line[i] = board[tmp_y][tmp_x]
return line
# 把当前方向的棋型识别成具体情况（如把MMMMX识别成冲四）
def getBasicSituation(self, board, x, y, dir_index, dir, me, you, count):
# record赋值
def setRecord(self, x, y, left, right, dir_index, direction):
tmp_x = x + (-5 + left) * direction[0]
tmp_y = y + (-5 + left) * direction[1]
for i in range(left, right):
tmp_x += direction[0]
tmp_y += direction[1]
self.record[tmp_y][tmp_x][dir_index] = 1
empty = MAP_ENUM.be_empty.value
left_index, right_index = 4, 4
line = self.getLine(board, x, y, dir, me, you)
while right_index < 8:
if line[right_index + 1] != me:
break
right_index += 1
while left_index > 0:
if line[left_index - 1] != me:
break
left_index -= 1
left_range, right_range = left_index, right_index
while right_range < 8:
if line[right_range + 1] == you:
break
right_range += 1
while left_range > 0:
if line[left_range - 1] == you:
break
left_range -= 1
chess_range = right_range - left_range + 1
if chess_range < 5:
setRecord(self, x, y, left_range, right_range, dir_index, dir)
return SITUATION.NONE
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index, right_index, dir_index, dir)
m_range = right_index - left_index + 1
if m_range == 5:
count[FIVE] += 1
# 活四冲四
if m_range == 4:
left_empty = right_empty = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
right_empty = True
if left_empty and right_empty:
count[FOUR] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty:
count[SFOUR] += 1
# 活三眠三
if m_range == 3:
left_empty = right_empty = False
left_four = right_four = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me: # MXMMM
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)
count[SFOUR] += 1
left_four = True
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me: # MMMXM
setRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)
count[SFOUR] += 1
right_four = True
right_empty = True
if left_four or right_four:
pass
elif left_empty and right_empty:
if chess_range > 5: # XMMMXX, XXMMMX
count[THREE] += 1
else: # PXMMMXP
count[STHREE] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMMX, XMMMP
count[STHREE] += 1
# 活二眠二
if m_range == 2:
left_empty = right_empty = False
left_three = right_three = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me:
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)
if line[left_index - 3] == empty:
if line[right_index + 1] == empty: # XMXMMX
count[THREE] += 1
else: # XMXMMP
count[STHREE] += 1
left_three = True
elif line[left_index - 3] == you: # PMXMMX
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
count[STHREE] += 1
left_three = True
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me:
if line[right_index + 3] == me: # MMXMM
setRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)
count[SFOUR] += 1
right_three = True
elif line[right_index + 3] == empty:
# setRecord(self, x, y, right_index+1, right_index+2, dir_index, dir)
if left_empty: # XMMXMX
count[THREE] += 1
else: # PMMXMX
count[STHREE] += 1
right_three = True
elif left_empty: # XMMXMP
count[STHREE] += 1
right_three = True
right_empty = True
if left_three or right_three:
pass
elif left_empty and right_empty: # XMMX
count[TWO] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMX, XMMP
count[STWO] += 1
# 特殊活二眠二（有空格
if m_range == 1:
left_empty = right_empty = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me:
if line[left_index - 3] == empty:
if line[right_index + 1] == you: # XMXMP
count[STWO] += 1
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me:
if line[right_index + 3] == empty:
if left_empty: # XMXMX
count[TWO] += 1
else: # PMXMX
count[STWO] += 1
elif line[right_index + 2] == empty:
if line[right_index + 3] == me and line[right_index + 4] == empty: # XMXXMX
count[TWO] += 1
# 以上都不是则为none棋型
return SITUATION.NONE
# 主程序实现部分
# 控制进程按钮类（父类）
class Button:
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y, color, enable): # 构造函数
self.screen = screen
self.width = button_w
self.height = button_h
self.button_color = color
self.text_color = (255, 255, 255) # 纯白
self.enable = enable
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, button_h * 2 // 3)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
self.rect.topleft = (x, y)
self.text = text
self.init_msg()
# 重写pygame内置函数，初始化我们的按钮
def init_msg(self):
if self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
else:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
# 根据按钮enable状态填色，具体颜色在后续子类控制
def draw(self):
if self.enable:
self.screen.fill(self.button_color[0], self.rect)
else:
self.screen.fill(self.button_color[1], self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
class WhiteStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选白棋）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色
game.start()
game.winner = None
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 没点击时（pygame内置
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True
class BlackStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选黑棋）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色，安排AI先手
game.start()
game.winner = None
game.useAI = True
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 没点击时（pygame内置
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True
class GiveupButton(Button): # 投降按钮（任何模式都能用
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y):
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(230, 67, 64), (236, 139, 137)], False)
def click(self, game): # 结束游戏，判断赢家
if self.enable:
game.is_play = False
if game.winner is None:
game.winner = game.map.intoNextTurn(game.player)
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 保持不变，填充颜色
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True
class Game: # pygame类,以下所有功能都是根据需要重写
def __init__(self, caption):
pygame.init()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode([screen_w, screen_h])
pygame.display.set_caption(caption)
self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
self.buttons = []
self.buttons.append(WhiteStartButton(self.screen, 'Pick White', 50, map_h))
self.buttons.append(BlackStartButton(self.screen, 'Pick Black', 270 , map_h))
self.buttons.append(GiveupButton(self.screen, 'Surrender', 490 , map_h))
self.is_play = False
self.map = Map(web_broad, web_broad)
self.player = MAP_ENUM.player1
self.action = None
self.AI = MyChessAI(web_broad)
self.useAI = False
self.winner = None
def start(self):
self.is_play = True
self.player = MAP_ENUM.player1 # 白棋先手
self.map.get_init()
def play(self):
# 画底板
self.clock.tick(60)
wood_color = (210, 180, 140)
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, wood_color, pygame.Rect(0, 0, map_w, screen_h))
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, (255, 255, 255), pygame.Rect(map_w, 0, info_w, screen_h))
# 画按钮
for button in self.buttons:
button.draw()
if self.is_play and not self.isOver():
if self.useAI:
x, y = self.AI.findBestChess(self.map.map, self.player)
self.checkClick(x, y, True)
self.useAI = False
if self.action is not None:
self.checkClick(self.action[0], self.action[1])
self.action = None
if not self.isOver():
self.changeMouseShow()
if self.isOver():
self.showWinner()
# self.buttons[0].enable = True
# self.buttons[1].enable = True
# self.buttons[2].enable = False
self.map.drawBoard(self.screen)
self.map.printChessPiece(self.screen)
def changeMouseShow(self): # 开始游戏的时候把鼠标预览切换成预览棋子的样子
map_x, map_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)
if self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and self.map.isEmpty(x, y): # 在棋盘内且当前无棋子
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
smoke_blue = (176, 224, 230)
pos, radius = (map_x, map_y), chess_size
pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, smoke_blue, pos, radius)
else:
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def checkClick(self, x, y, isAI=False): # 后续处理
self.map.click(x, y, self.player)
if self.AI.isWin(self.map.map, self.player):
self.winner = self.player
self.click_button(self.buttons[2])
else:
self.player = self.map.intoNextTurn(self.player)
if not isAI:
self.useAI = True
def mouseClick(self, map_x, map_y): # 处理下棋动作
if self.is_play and self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and not self.isOver():
x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)
if self.map.isEmpty(x, y):
self.action = (x, y)
def isOver(self): # 中断条件
return self.winner is not None
def showWinner(self): # 输出胜者
def showFont(screen, text, location_x, locaiton_y, height):
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, height)
font_image = font.render(text, True, (255, 215, 0), (255, 255, 255)) # 金黄色
font_image_rect = font_image.get_rect()
font_image_rect.x = location_x
font_image_rect.y = locaiton_y
screen.blit(font_image, font_image_rect)
if self.winner == MAP_ENUM.player1:
str = 'White Wins!'
else:
str = 'Black Wins!'
showFont(self.screen, str, map_w / 5, screen_h / 8, 100) # 居上中，字号100
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def click_button(self, button):
if button.click(self):
for tmp in self.buttons:
if tmp != button:
tmp.unclick()
def check_buttons(self, mouse_x, mouse_y):
for button in self.buttons:
if button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y):
self.click_button(button)
break
# 以下为pygame1.9帮助文档的示例代码
if __name__ == '__main__':
game = Game(version)
while True:
game.play()
pygame.display.update()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
exit()
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
game.mouseClick(mouse_x, mouse_y)
game.check_buttons(mouse_x, mouse_y)
运行效果
说明
用的评分算法，注释挺全的，代码上应该都能看懂。可以改的参数基本都独立在最前面列出来了，有需要的应该很方便可以用。