//信号量的定义
sem_t sem;
int sem_t_init(sem_t *sem,int pshared,unsigned value);
int sem_t_destroy(sem_t *sem);
返回:成功返回0 出错返回错误编号
int sem_post(sem_t *sem); //功能:增加信号量的值
int sem_wait(sem_t *sem); //功能:减少信号量的值
int sem_trywait(sem_t *sem);//sem_wait()非阻塞版本
返回:成功返回0 出错返回错误编号
/*
创建三个子线程,使用信号量去控制三个子线程的运行顺序。
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
//定义两个线程信号量
sem_t sem1,sem2;
void* a_fn(void *arg){
sem_wait(sem1);//此时sem1为0,再减一 线程堵塞
printf("thread a running\n");
return(void*)0;
}
void* b_fn(void *arg){
sem_wait(sem2);//此时sem2为0,再减一 线程堵塞
printf("thread b running\n");
//释放线程a,让阻塞的线程a继续操作
sem_post(sem1)
return(void*)0;
}
void* c_fn(void *arg){
printf("thread c running\n");
//释放线程b(此时sem2为0,加1)
//让阻塞的线程b继续运行
sem_post(sem2);
return(void*)0;
}
int main(void){
int err;
pthread_t a,b,c;
//线程信号量的初始化,初始值为0
sem_t_init(&sem1,0,0);
sem_t_init(&sem2,0,0);
//创建线程
if ((err = pthread_create(&a, null, a_fn, (void*)0)) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create error");
}
if ((err = pthread_create(&b, null, b_fn, (void*)0)) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create error");
}
if ((err = pthread_create(&c, null, c_fn, (void*)0)) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create error");
}
//主线程要等三个子线程执行完毕
pthread_join(a,null);
pthread_join(b,null);
pthread_join(c,null);
//线程信号的销毁
sem_t_destroy(&sem1);
sem_t_destroy(&sem2);
return 0;
}
头文件 account.h
#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
#define __ACCOUNT_H__
#include
#include
//银行账户结构体
typedef struct{
int code;//卡号
double balance;//余额
sem_t sem;//线程信号量
}Account;
//创建账户
extern Account* creat_account(int code,double balance);
//销毁账户
extern void destory_account(Account *a);
//取款
extern double withdraw(Account *a,double amt);
//存款
extern double deposit(Account *a,double amt);
//查看账户余额
extern double get_balance(Account *a);
#endif
功能文件account.c
#include "account.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
//创建账户
Account* creat_account(int code,double balance){
//创建账户在堆当中
Account *a = (Account*)malloc(sizeof(Account));
assert(a != NULL);//用来判断a指针所需要开辟的空间,开辟成功了吗,成功就继续,否则就程序终止运行。
a->code = code;
a->balance = balance;
//线程信号量的初始化,初始值为1
sem_t_init(&a->sem,0,1);
return a;
}
//销毁账户
void destory_account(Account *a){
assert(a != NULL);
//销毁线程信号量
sem_t_destroy(&a->sem);
free(a);//释放空间
}
//取款
double withdraw(Account *a,double amt){
assert(a != NULL);//判断指针a是否为空
//使信号量减一 锁定
sem_wait(&a->sem);
if(amt < 0 || amt > a->balance){
//使信号量加一 解锁
sem_post(&a->sem);
return 0.0;
}
double balance = a->balance;
sleep(1);
balance -= amt;
a->balance = balance;
//使信号量加一 解锁
sem_post(&a->sem);
return amt;
}
//存款
double deposit(Account *a,double amt){
assert(a != NULL);
//使信号量减一 锁定
sem_wait(&a->sem);
if(amt < 0){
//使信号量加一 解锁
sem_post(&a->sem);
return 0.0;
}
double balance = a->balance;
sleep(1);
balance += amt;
a->balance = balance;
//使信号量加一 解锁
sem_post(&a->sem);
return amt;
}
//查看账户余额
double get_balance(Account *a){
assert(a != NULL);
//使信号量减一 锁定
sem_wait(&a->sem);
double balance = a->balance;
//使信号量加一 解锁
sem_post(&a->sem);
return balanec;
}
执行文件 account_test.c
#include "account.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
//操作者的结构体
typedef struct{
char name[20];//操作者姓名
Account *account;//账户
double amt;//金额
}OperArg
//定义取款操作的线程运行函数
void* withdraw_fn(void *arg){
OperArg *oa = (OperArg*)arg;
//deposit存款函数
double amt = deposit(oa->account,oa->amt);
printf("%8s(0x%lx) deposit %f from account %d/n",oa->name,pthread_self(),amt,oa->account->code);
return (void*)0;
}
//定义存款操作的线程运行函数
void* deposit_fn(void *arg){
OperArg *oa = (OperArg*)arg;
//withdraw取款函数
double amt = withdraw(oa->account,oa->amt);
printf("%8s(0x%lx) withdraw %f from account %d/n",oa->name,pthread_self(),amt,oa->account->code);
return (void*)0;
}
//定义查看银行账户的线程运行函数
void* check_fn(void *arg){
}
int main(void){
int err;
pthread_t boy,girl;
Account *a = create_account(10001,10000)//卡号,余额
OperArg o1 , o2;//两个操作者
strcpy(o1.name,"boy");//strcpy()把第二个参数值,放到第一个参数中
o1.account = a;
o1.amt = 10000;
strcpy(o2.name,"girl");
o2.account = a;
o2.amt = 10000;
//启动两个子线程(boy和girl)同时去操作同一个银行账户
if((err = pthread_create(&boy,null,withdraw_fn,(void*)&o1)!=0){
printf("pthread create error");
}
if((err = pthread_create(&girl,null,withdraw_fn,(void*)&o2)!=0){
printf("pthread create error");
}
pthread_join(boy,null);
pthread_join(girl,null);
//查看账户余额
printf("account balance %f/n",get_balance(a));
//销毁账户
destroy_account(a);
return 0;
}
思路:
#include
#include
#include
#include
/*
一个线程赋值计算结果,一个线程负责获取结果
当计算结果的线程没有执行完毕,获取结果的线程要等待(阻塞)
*/
typedef struct{
int res;//存放运算结果
sem_t sem//线程信号量
}Result;
//计算并将结果放置Result中的线程运行函数
void* set_fn(void *arg){
int sum;
for(int i =1;i<=100;i++){
sum +=i;
}
//将结果存放到Result
Result *r = (Result*)arg;
r->res = sum;
//对线程信号量 加一
sem_post(&r->sem);
return(void*) 0;
}
//获得结果的线程运行函数
void* get_fn(void *arg){
Result *r = (Result*)arg;
//对线程信号量 减一
sem_wait(&r->sem);
//去获取计算的结果
int res = r->res;
printf("ox%lx get sum is %d\n",pthread_self(),res);
return(void*)0;
}
int main(void){
int err;
//定义线程标识符cal get
pthread_t cal, get;
//线程信号量初始化
sem_init(&r.sem,0.0);
//启动获取结果的线程
if ((err = pthread_create(&get, NULL, get_fn, (void*)&r)) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create error");
}
//启动计算结果的线程
if ((err = pthread_create(&cal, NULL, set_fn, (void*)&r)) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create error");
}
//主线程要等两个子线程执行完毕
pthread_join(get,null);
pthread_join(cal,null);
//线程信号量的销毁
sem_destroy(&r.sem);
return 0;
}
程序运行结果: