Ubuntu下Mysql安装日志及用户配置等教程
一、安装MySQL
1. 删除Mysql 数据库
sudo apt autoremove --purge mysql-server-*
sudo apt remove mysql-server
sudo apt autoremove mysql-server
sudo apt remove mysql-common2. 安装Mysql
sudo apt-get update #更新包
sudo apt install mysql-server-5.7
查看 MySQL 版本
sudo mysql -V
查看MySQL默认账号和密码
sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf二、配置MySQL
输入下列配置命令
sudo mysql_secure_installation根据下面界面进行配置
#1
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords...
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N
#2
Please set the password for root here...
New password: (输入密码)
Re-enter new password: (重复输入)
#3
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them...
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N
#4
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network...
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N
#5
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access...
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N
#6
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y三、查看mysql服务状态
systemctl status mysql.service四、修改root账户认证方式，并配置远程访问
mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p #进入 mysql 命令模式
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('密码') where user='root' ;
mysql> update user set plugin='mysql_native_password'; //错了客户端工具就连不上了
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
mysql> select Host, User, plugin from user;
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit;五、配置远程访问mysql
sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf修改配置文件，注释掉bind-address = 127.0.0.1
六、重启mysql服务
#重启
sudo service mysql restart
#查看状态
systemctl status mysql.service七、增加用户并授权数据库
若只需要安装mysql的话，上述步骤已完成。为了使得数据库安全，通常增加一个用户作为开发用户，并授权DDL增删改查权限。
新建用户
create user zhangsan identified by 'zhangsan';create user 'happytest'@'localhost' identified by 'happytest'; 如果mysql版本为8.0的话，执行此语句创建用户
授权
grant all privileges on zhangsanDb.* to zhangsan@'%' identified by 'zhangsan';
grant select,insert,update,delete on zhangsanDb.* to zhangsan@'%' identified by 'zhangsan';
flush privileges;priv代表权限select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限
若出现创建用户，本地无法登录的情况，可能是由于空用户导致的，需要删除mysql的空用户。
八、开启数据库日志
开发过程中可以开启general_log用于记录每一次sql执行情况，正式部署环境可以开启bin_log用于记录数据库变更情况
1、开启general_log
show global variables like '%general%';
set global general_log=on;
show variables like 'general_log_file';根据日志位置去查看日志
2、开启bin_log
进入配置文件，打开如下配置
日志在对应的目录下，每天会产生一个文件，此处设置为文件最大500m，90天过期。
九、手动清理binlog日志
按照名称清理
## 将mysql-bin.000010之前的日志清理掉
mysql> purge binary logs to 'mysql-bin.000010';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
## 清理前
[root@zxy_slave1 mysql]# ls
mysql-bin.000007 mysql-bin.000012 mysql-bin.000017 mysql-bin.000008 mysql-bin.000013 mysql-bin.index mysql-bin.000009 mysql-bin.000014 mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.000010 mysql-bin.000015 mysql-bin.000006 mysql-bin.000011 mysql-bin.000016
## 清理后
[root@zxy_slave1 mysql]# ls
mysql-bin.000012 mysql-bin.000017 mysql-bin.000013 mysql-bin.index mysql-bin.000014 mysql-bin.000010 mysql-bin.000015 mysql-bin.000011 mysql-bin.000016
按照时间清理
## 删除2022-09-21 18:09:00之前的binlog日志
mysql> purge binary logs before '2022-09-21 18:09:00';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
## 删除前
[root@zxy_slave1 mysql]# vim mysql-bin.
mysql-bin.000010 mysql-bin.000012 mysql-bin.000014 mysql-bin.000016 mysql-bin.index
mysql-bin.000011 mysql-bin.000013 mysql-bin.000015 mysql-bin.000017
[root@zxy_slave1 mysql]# ls
## 删除后
[root@zxy_slave1 mysql]# ls
mysql-bin.000017 mysql-bin.index十一、Nginx配置转发mysql服务
编辑nginx.conf文件，在http前面增加下面内网
stream {
upstream mysql{
server 127.18.33.14:3306;
}
server {
listen 3306;
proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
proxy_timeout 5s;
proxy_pass mysql;
}
}