为vs code中C++配置opencv4.5.4

不想自己编译的,可以尝试直接使用别人编译好的,不过要注意将包含dll文件的目录添加进系统变量.这样在没有包含dll文件的路径下运行包含opencv的程序时,才不会报dll缺失.

单独编译链接，没有lib文件：opencv4.5.4编译完成库,编译条件,看下面的前提

Qt5152、VTK910、opencv454、eigen340联合编译包（包含lib文件）：
VTK910、opencv454、eigen340
联合编译中的opencv454需要Qt5.15.2中的动态链接库,路径类似xxx\Qtcreator\application\5.15.2\mingw81_64\bin

前提:
1.windows10系统
2.软件vs code
3.C++插件:C/C++ v1.6.0
4.opencv version: 4.5.4
5.gcc8.1.0 异常模型seh(minGW中的)
6.cmake version: 3.22.0.0-rc1
如果不想自己编译(可以下载编译后的库文件,在文章最下方),但是不一定成功
步骤:
1.下载minGW,并将minGW的bin目录加入系统环境变量Path

下载minGW网址:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/mingw-w64/mingw-w64-release/
2.下载opencv官网源文件,并解压
vs code中C++使用opencv,需要自己编译源文件
3.下载最新版cmake,并添加环境变量

4.在cmake-3.17.0-rc3-win64-x64\bin中打开cmake-gui.exe,并配置

图中第一行将第2步骤中解压的源文件路径填入
(应和D:/studying/language/C++/libraries/opencv-4.5.2相似,且opencv-4.5.2文件夹中没有除源文件的其他无关文件,只要解压后,别往里面加东西就行)
图中第二行填入你想要将编译后的文件放入的文件夹路径
5.点击configure,选择MinGW Makefiles生成器,指定本地编译器(specify native compilers),最后点击next，选择C和C++编译器，编译器路径类似xxx\x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\mingw64\bin.完成一次configuration后,还需要再进行一次configuration,直到,完成configuration,显示configuration is done(第一次configuration结束后,value使用默认的就可以,(如果有其他需求,在进行勾选)
6.点击Generate,等待.若出错,则点击configure,接着等待.configure完成后(没问题后,进行后面的操作.若有问题找出原因),点击Generate.
(确保Generate后任何警告和错误)
7.找到第4步骤中,填入的binary文件所在路径,使用shift+右键在Power Shell中打开文件夹.接着在power shell中运行minGW32-make (这里的可要 -j 4,试试make install) .等待(若在power shell中进度条太长时间没有动,点击鼠标右键试试).
完成标志: 进度条显示为100%,且等待输入下一个命令(不要关闭窗口)
8.运行minGW32-make install,生成install文件夹
9.将:\studying\language\opencv\code\opencv454\install\x64\mingw\bin(里面存放的是dll文件)类似的地址添加进环境变量.不然运行编译的程序会显示缺少dll.

(没有将这个添加进环境变量,且配置文件中没有设置,那么可能有以下情况)
1.debug中显示unexpected output from “-exec -run”;
2.在vscode中运行无输出结果.
3.在资源管理中直接运行exe文件,提示缺少dll文件.
10.配置vscode
c_cpp_properties.json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${default}",
                "D:\\studying\\language\\C++\\libraries\\opencv452\\install\\include",//在.cpp和.h文件中#include 头文件的时候,才能找到
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "D:/studying/language/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",//修改为你的g++编译器所在路径
            "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64",
            "cppStandard": "c++11"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

launch.json

"version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++.exe - 生成和调试活动文件",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "D:/studying/language/mingw64/bin",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:\\studying\\language\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件"
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件",
            "command": "D:/studying/language/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                
                "-std=c++11",
            	//添加c_cpp_properties.json中配置的对应的头文件搜索路径
                "-I","D:\\studying\\language\\C++\\libraries\\opencv452\\install\\include",
				//-L后添加dll文件所在路径
				//注意"-L"和"-l"一定要单独放,不要这样写成"-L xxxxx".如果写成这样,编译的时候会在命令中添加"",会报错
                "-L","D:\\studying\\language\\C++\\libraries\\opencv452\\install\\x64\\mingw\\bin",
                //仅仅告诉cpp文件头文件,并不能找到对应的dll文件,因此需要使用 "-l"明确指出
                //注意"-l" 后面跟的库名不能加后缀,不然会提示ld.exe无法打开文件-l(name).(posterfix)
                "-l", "libopencv_calib3d454",
                "-l", "libopencv_core454",
                "-l", "libopencv_dnn454",
                "-l", "libopencv_features2d454",
                "-l", "libopencv_flann454",
                "-l", "libopencv_gapi454",
                "-l", "libopencv_highgui454",
                "-l", "libopencv_imgcodecs454",
                "-l", "libopencv_imgproc454",
                "-l", "libopencv_ml454",
                "-l", "libopencv_objdetect454",
                "-l", "libopencv_photo454",
                "-l", "libopencv_stitching454",
                "-l", "libopencv_video454",
                "-l", "libopencv_videoio454"

            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "D:\\studying\\language\\C++\\pro"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

测试源码:

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;

//opencv头文件 
#include "opencv2/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
using namespace cv;
int blurAmount = 15; //保存滑动条的位置值
static void onChange(int pos,void* userInput);
static void onMouse(int event,int x,int y ,int,void *userInput);

int main()
{
    Mat airplane1 = imread("D:\\studying\\language\\C++\\pro\\opencv_test\\wallhaven-pkk69p.jpg");  
	namedWindow("origin_img");
    namedWindow("airplane1");
    imshow("origin_img",airplane1);
    createTrackbar("airplane1","airplane1",&blurAmount,30,onChange,&airplane1);
    setMouseCallback("airplane1",onMouse,&airplane1);

    onChange(blurAmount,&airplane1);
    waitKey(0);
    destroyWindow("airplane1");

    return 0;
}

static void onChange(int pos,void*userData)
{
    if (pos <=0)
        return;
    Mat imgBlur;
    Mat *img = (Mat*)userData;
    cv::blur(*img,imgBlur,Size(pos,pos));

    //Display
    imshow("airplane1",imgBlur);
}

static void onMouse(int event, int x, int y,int, void *userInput)
{
    if(event != EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
        return;
    Mat *img = (Mat*)userInput;

    //绘图
    //cvCircle(img,Point(x,y),10,Scalar(0,255,0),3);

    //调用模糊图像方法
    onChange(blurAmount, img);
}

Cmake在configuration时,遇到配置进程失败,选择有效文件啊.可以选择cmake.msi文件,修复cmake.再进行configuration.

在Qt5中使用opencv
在完成编译器的选择和第一次配置之后，需要在cmake配置界面，勾选WITH_QT和WITH_OPENGL,并且需要配置Qt5_DIR为xxx/Qtcreator/application/5.15.2/mingw81_64/lib/cmake/Qt5.然后再点击config。其余操作和上面一样
若要和VTK联合编译需要选择WITH_VTK和配置VTK_DIR为类似xxx/VTK910_build/lib/cmake/vtk-9.1
路径（建议在完成第一次config后，立即配置VTK并config，然后再配置其他，不然后面更改配置可能会导致，VTK不支持）
可以在cmake下方信息栏，查看VTK是否支持

参考:
1.win10下VSCode配置opencv4.4.0（超详细教程，亲测有效）
2.VScode中配置C++的Opencv库
3.Qt配置OpenCV教程，亲测已试过（详细版）（包含Qt测试）