神经网络常用损失函数
FocalLoss
class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, loss_fcn, gamma=1.5, alpha=0.25):
super().__init__()
self.loss_fcn = loss_fcn
self.gamma = gamma
self.alpha = alpha
self.reduction = loss_fcn.reduction
self.loss_fcn.reduction = 'none'
def forward(self, pred, true):
loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
pred_prob = torch.sigmoid(pred)
p_t = true * pred_prob + (1 - true) * (1 - pred_prob)
alpha_factor = true * self.alpha + (1 - true) * (1 - self.alpha)
modulating_factor = (1.0 - p_t) ** self.gamma
loss *= alpha_factor * modulating_factor
if self.reduction == 'mean':
return loss.mean()
elif self.reduction == 'sum':
return loss.sum()
else:
return loss
DiceLoss
class DiceLoss(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_classes):
super(DiceLoss, self).__init__()
self.n_classes = n_classes
def _one_hot_encoder(self, input_tensor):
tensor_list = []
for i in range(self.n_classes):
temp_prob = input_tensor == i
tensor_list.append(temp_prob.unsqueeze(1))
output_tensor = torch.cat(tensor_list, dim=1)
return output_tensor.float()
def _dice_loss(self, score, target):
target = target.float()
smooth = 1e-5
intersect = torch.sum(score * target)
y_sum = torch.sum(target * target)
z_sum = torch.sum(score * score)
loss = (2 * intersect + smooth) / (z_sum + y_sum + smooth)
loss = 1 - loss
return loss
def forward(self, inputs, target, weight=None, softmax=False):
if softmax:
inputs = torch.softmax(inputs, dim=1)
target = self._one_hot_encoder(target)
if weight is None:
weight = [1] * self.n_classes
assert inputs.size() == target.size(), 'predict {} & target {} shape do not match'.format(inputs.size(), target.size())
class_wise_dice = []
loss = 0.0
for i in range(0, self.n_classes):
dice = self._dice_loss(inputs[:, i], target[:, i])
class_wise_dice.append(1.0 - dice.item())
loss += dice * weight[i]
return loss / self.n_classes
Lovasz_softmax损失
import torch
from torch.autograd import Variable
import torch.nn.functional as F
import numpy as np
from itertools import filterfalse as ifilterfalse
def lovasz_grad(gt_sorted):
"""
Computes gradient of the Lovasz extension w.r.t sorted errors
See Alg. 1 in paper
"""
p = len(gt_sorted)
gts = gt_sorted.sum()
intersection = gts - gt_sorted.float().cumsum(0)
union = gts + (1 - gt_sorted).float().cumsum(0)
jaccard = 1. - intersection / union
if p > 1:
jaccard[1:p] = jaccard[1:p] - jaccard[0:-1]
return jaccard
def iou_binary(preds, labels, EMPTY=1., ignore=None, per_image=True):
"""
IoU for foreground class
binary: 1 foreground, 0 background
"""
if not per_image:
preds, labels = (preds,), (labels,)
ious = []
for pred, label in zip(preds, labels):
intersection = ((label == 1) & (pred == 1)).sum()
union = ((label == 1) | ((pred == 1) & (label != ignore))).sum()
if not union:
iou = EMPTY
else:
iou = float(intersection) / float(union)
ious.append(iou)
iou = mean(ious)
return 100 * iou
def iou(preds, labels, C, EMPTY=1., ignore=None, per_image=False):
"""
Array of IoU for each (non ignored) class
"""
if not per_image:
preds, labels = (preds,), (labels,)
ious = []
for pred, label in zip(preds, labels):
iou = []
for i in range(C):
if i != ignore:
intersection = ((label == i) & (pred == i)).sum()
union = ((label == i) | ((pred == i) & (label != ignore))).sum()
if not union:
iou.append(EMPTY)
else:
iou.append(float(intersection) / float(union))
ious.append(iou)
ious = [mean(iou) for iou in zip(*ious)]
return 100 * np.array(ious)
def lovasz_hinge(logits, labels, per_image=True, ignore=None):
"""
Binary Lovasz hinge loss
logits: [B, H, W] Variable, logits at each pixel (between -\infty and +\infty)
labels: [B, H, W] Tensor, binary ground truth masks (0 or 1)
per_image: compute the loss per image instead of per batch
ignore: void class id
"""
if per_image:
loss = mean(lovasz_hinge_flat(*flatten_binary_scores(log.unsqueeze(0), lab.unsqueeze(0), ignore))
for log, lab in zip(logits, labels))
else:
loss = lovasz_hinge_flat(*flatten_binary_scores(logits, labels, ignore))
return loss
def lovasz_hinge_flat(logits, labels):
"""
Binary Lovasz hinge loss
logits: [P] Variable, logits at each prediction (between -\infty and +\infty)
labels: [P] Tensor, binary ground truth labels (0 or 1)
ignore: label to ignore
"""
if len(labels) == 0:
return logits.sum() * 0.
signs = 2. * labels.float() - 1.
errors = (1. - logits * Variable(signs))
errors_sorted, perm = torch.sort(errors, dim=0, descending=True)
perm = perm.data
gt_sorted = labels[perm]
grad = lovasz_grad(gt_sorted)
loss = torch.dot(F.relu(errors_sorted), Variable(grad))
return loss
def flatten_binary_scores(scores, labels, ignore=None):
"""
Flattens predictions in the batch (binary case)
Remove labels equal to 'ignore'
"""
scores = scores.view(-1)
labels = labels.view(-1)
if ignore is None:
return scores, labels
valid = (labels != ignore)
vscores = scores[valid]
vlabels = labels[valid]
return vscores, vlabels
class StableBCELoss(torch.nn.modules.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(StableBCELoss, self).__init__()
def forward(self, input, target):
neg_abs = - input.abs()
loss = input.clamp(min=0) - input * target + (1 + neg_abs.exp()).log()
return loss.mean()
def binary_xloss(logits, labels, ignore=None):
"""
Binary Cross entropy loss
logits: [B, H, W] Variable, logits at each pixel (between -\infty and +\infty)
labels: [B, H, W] Tensor, binary ground truth masks (0 or 1)
ignore: void class id
"""
logits, labels = flatten_binary_scores(logits, labels, ignore)
loss = StableBCELoss()(logits, Variable(labels.float()))
return loss
def lovasz_softmax(probas, labels, classes='present', per_image=False, ignore=None):
"""
Multi-class Lovasz-Softmax loss
probas: [B, C, H, W] Variable, class probabilities at each prediction (between 0 and 1).
Interpreted as binary (sigmoid) output with outputs of size [B, H, W].
labels: [B, H, W] Tensor, ground truth labels (between 0 and C - 1)
classes: 'all' for all, 'present' for classes present in labels, or a list of classes to average.
per_image: compute the loss per image instead of per batch
ignore: void class labels
"""
if per_image:
loss = mean(lovasz_softmax_flat(*flatten_probas(prob.unsqueeze(0), lab.unsqueeze(0), ignore), classes=classes)
for prob, lab in zip(probas, labels))
else:
loss = lovasz_softmax_flat(*flatten_probas(probas, labels, ignore), classes=classes)
return loss
def lovasz_softmax_flat(probas, labels, classes='present'):
"""
Multi-class Lovasz-Softmax loss
probas: [P, C] Variable, class probabilities at each prediction (between 0 and 1)
labels: [P] Tensor, ground truth labels (between 0 and C - 1)
classes: 'all' for all, 'present' for classes present in labels, or a list of classes to average.
"""
if probas.numel() == 0:
return probas * 0.
C = probas.size(1)
losses = []
class_to_sum = list(range(C)) if classes in ['all', 'present'] else classes
for c in class_to_sum:
fg = (labels == c).float()
if (classes is 'present' and fg.sum() == 0):
continue
if C == 1:
if len(classes) > 1:
raise ValueError('Sigmoid output possible only with 1 class')
class_pred = probas[:, 0]
else:
class_pred = probas[:, c]
errors = (Variable(fg) - class_pred).abs()
errors_sorted, perm = torch.sort(errors, 0, descending=True)
perm = perm.data
fg_sorted = fg[perm]
losses.append(torch.dot(errors_sorted, Variable(lovasz_grad(fg_sorted))))
return mean(losses)
def flatten_probas(probas, labels, ignore=None):
"""
Flattens predictions in the batch
"""
if probas.dim() == 3:
B, H, W = probas.size()
probas = probas.view(B, 1, H, W)
B, C, H, W = probas.size()
probas = probas.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).contiguous().view(-1, C)
labels = labels.view(-1)
if ignore is None:
return probas, labels
valid = (labels != ignore)
vprobas = probas[valid.nonzero().squeeze()]
vlabels = labels[valid]
return vprobas, vlabels
def xloss(logits, labels, ignore=None):
"""
Cross entropy loss
"""
return F.cross_entropy(logits, Variable(labels), ignore_index=255)
def isnan(x):
return x != x
def mean(l, ignore_nan=False, empty=0):
"""
nanmean compatible with generators.
"""
l = iter(l)
if ignore_nan:
l = ifilterfalse(isnan, l)
try:
n = 1
acc = next(l)
except StopIteration:
if empty == 'raise':
raise ValueError('Empty mean')
return empty
for n, v in enumerate(l, 2):
acc += v
if n == 1:
return acc
return acc / n
