promise异步请求串行异步then并行异步all竞争异步race 传递参数resolve(then)reject(catch)

1.印象

古人云:“君子一诺千金”,这种“承诺将来会执行”的对象在JavaScript中称为Promise对象。

Promise就是解决多个异步请求的问题

Promise有三种状态:Pending(进行中)、Resolved(已完成)和 Rejected(已失败)

串行异步then并行异步all竞争异步race 传递参数resolve(then)reject(catch)

2.案例

使用promise执行异步函数我们可以在promise里定义异步函数 ,then与catch分别捕获resolve与reject抛出的信息

new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    console.log('start new Promise...');
    var timeOut = 0.5;
    console.log('set timeout to: ' + timeOut + ' seconds.');
    setTimeout(function () {
        if (timeOut < 1) {
            console.log('call resolve()...');
            resolve('200 OK INFO');
        }
        else {
            console.log('call reject()...');
            reject('timeout in ' + timeOut + ' seconds.');
        }
    }, timeOut * 1000);
}).then(function (r) {
    console.log('Done: ' + r);
}).catch(function (reason) {
    console.log('Failed: ' + reason);
});


VM353:2 start new Promise...
VM353:4 set timeout to: 0.5 seconds.
Promise {}
VM353:7 call resolve()...
VM353:16 Done: 200 OK INFO

setTimeout(function, milliseconds, param1, param2, ...)

3.串行执行异步任务:then







4.并行执行异步任务:all

var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 500, 'P1');
});
var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 600, 'P2');
});

// 同时执行p1和p2,并在它们都完成后执行then:
Promise.all([p1, p2]).then(function (results) {
    console.log(results); // 获得一个Array: ['P1', 'P2']
});

5.竞争异步执行任务:race

var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 500, 'P1');
});
var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 600, 'P2');
});
Promise.race([p1, p2]).then(function (result) {
    console.log(result); // 'P1'
});

由于p1执行较快,Promise的then()将获得结果'P1'。p2仍在继续执行,但执行结果将被丢弃。
如果我们组合使用Promise,就可以把很多异步任务以并行和串行的方式组合起来执行。

 

 

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