RabbitMQ是目前企业中最常用的消息中间件之一,其中有五种消息队列模型是学习RabbitMQ的重点,本文通过几个案例,给大家展示如何使用这五种消息队列。
RabbitMQ提供了多种消息模型,官网上第6种是RPC不属于常规的消息队列。属于消息模型的是前5种:
最基本的队列模型:一个生产者发送消息到一个队列,一个消费者从队列中取消息。
启动Rabbitmq,在管理页面中创建用户admin使用admin登录,然后创建虚拟主机myhost
创建队列,配置如下
导入依赖
com.rabbitmq
amqp-client
3.4.1
MQ工具类
public class MQUtils {
public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "myqueue01";
public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "myqueue02";
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "myexchange01";
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME2 = "myexchange02";
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME3 = "myexchange03";
/**
* 获得MQ的连接
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
//配置服务器名、端口、虚拟主机名、登录账号和密码
connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("myhost");
connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
return connectionFactory.newConnection();
}
}
生产者
/**
* 生产者,发送简单的消息到队列中
*/
public class SimpleProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
//创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
String msg = "Hello World!";
//发布消息到队列
channel.basicPublish("",MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
运行生产者代码,管理页面点进myqueue01,在GetMessages中可以看到消息
消费者
/**
* 消费者,从队列中读取简单的消息
*/
public class SimpleConsumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//定义队列
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
//创建消费者
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//消费者消费通道中的消息
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
//读取消息
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println(new String(delivery.getBody()));
}
}
}
运行读取消息
工作队列,生产者将消息分发给多个消费者,如果生产者生产了100条消息,消费者1消费50条,消费者2消费50条。生产者
/**
多对多模式的生产者,会发送多条消息到队列中
*/
public class WorkProductor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
for(int i = 0;i < 100;i++){
String msg = "Hello-->" + i;
channel.basicPublish("",MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,null, msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("send:" + msg);
Thread.sleep(10);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者1
/**
* 多对多模式的消费者1
*/
public class WorkConsumer01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//消费者消费通道中的消息
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("WorkConsumer1 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
Thread.sleep(10);
}
}
}
消费者2
/**
* 多对多模式的消费者2
*/
public class WorkConsumer02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//消费者消费通道中的消息
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("WorkConsumer2 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
消费者1
消费者2
生产者发送100个消息,两个消费者分别读取了50条。看消息内容,发现队列发送消息采用的是轮询方式,也就是先发给消费者1,再发给消费者2,依次往复。
上面案例中有一个问题:消费者处理消息的速度是不一样的,消费者1处理后睡眠10毫秒(Thread.sleep(10)),消费者2是1000毫秒,速度相差100倍,但是最后处理的消息数还是一样的。这样就存在效率问题:处理能力强的消费者得不到更多的消息。
因为队列默认采用是自动确认机制,消息发过去后就自动确认,队列不清楚每个消息具体什么时间处理完,所以平均分配消息数量。
实现能者多劳:
修改消费者1和2
/**
* 多对多模式的消费者1
*/
public class WorkConsumer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
//同一时刻服务器只发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//true是自动返回完成状态,false表示手动
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("WorkConsumer1 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
Thread.sleep(10);
//手动确定返回状态,不写就是自动确认
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
}
}
/**
* 多对多模式的消费者2
*/
public class WorkConsumer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
//同一时刻服务器只发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//true是自动返回完成状态,false表示手动
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("WorkConsumer2 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
Thread.sleep(1000);
//手动确定返回状态,不写就是自动确认
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
}
}
再次执行消费者2只消费了5条,消费者消费95条消息
发布/订阅模式和Work模式的区别是:Work模式只存在一个队列,多个消费者共同消费一个队列中的消息;而发布订阅模式存在多个队列,不同的消费者可以从各自的队列中处理完全相同的消息。实现步骤:
新建队列
新建交换机
点击交换机,在bindings里面绑定两个队列
生产者
/**
* 发布和订阅模式的生产者,消息会通过交换机发到队列
*/
public class PublishProductor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明fanout exchange
channel.exchangeDeclare(MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");
String msg = "Hello Fanout";
//发布消息到交换机
channel.basicPublish(MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME,"",null,msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("send:" + msg);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者1
/**
* 发布订阅模式的消费者1
* 两个消费者绑定的消息队列不同
* 通过交换机一个消息能被不同队列的两个消费者同时获取
* 一个队列可以有多个消费者,队列中的消息只能被一个消费者获取
*/
public class SubscribeConsumer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
//绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME,"");
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("Consumer1 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
}
}
}
消费者2
public class SubscribeConsumer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);
//绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME,"");
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("Consumer2 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
}
}
}
两个消费者消费了同样的消息,这是通过交换机实现的。
路由模式的消息队列可以给队列绑定不同的key,生产者发送消息时,给消息设置不同的key,这样交换机在分发消息时,可以让消息路由到key匹配的队列中。可以想象上图是一个日志处理系统,C1可以处理error日志消息,C2可以处理info\error\warining类型的日志消息,使用路由模式就很容易实现了。
新建direct类型的交换机
生产者,给myqueue01绑定了key:error,myqueue02绑定了key:debug,然后发送了key:error的消息
/**
路由模式的生产者,发布消息会有特定的Key,消息会被绑定特定Key的消费者获取
*/
public class RouteProductor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME2,"direct");
String msg = "Hello-->Route";
//绑定队列1到交换机,指定了Key为error
channel.queueBind(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME2,"error");
//绑定队列2到交换机,指定了Key为debug
channel.queueBind(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME2,"debug");
//error是一个指定的Key
channel.basicPublish(MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME2,"error",null,msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("send:" + msg);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者1
/**
* 路由模式的消费者1
* 可以指定Key,消费特定的消息
*/
public class RouteConsumer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("RouteConsumer1 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
}
}
}
消费者2
/**
* 路由模式的消费者2
* 可以指定Key,消费特定的消息
*/
public class RouteConsumer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("RouteConsumer2 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
}
}
}
只有消费者1收到消息,因为它的队列myqueue01绑定了key:error,消息的key是error
主题模式和路由模式差不多,在key中可以加入通配符:
/**
主题模式的生产者
*/
public class TopicProductor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机类型为topic
channel.exchangeDeclare(MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME3,"topic");
//绑定队列到交换机,最后指定了Key
channel.queueBind(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME3,"xray.#");
//绑定队列到交换机,最后指定了Key
channel.queueBind(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME3,"*.*.cn");
String msg = "Hello-->Topic";
channel.basicPublish(MQUtils.EXCHANGE_NAME3,"rabbit.com.cn",null,msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("send:" + msg);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者1
/**
* 主题模式的消费者1 ,类似路由模式,可以使用通配符对Key进行筛选
* #匹配1个或多个单词,*匹配一个单词
*/
public class TopicConsumer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("TopicConsumer1 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
}
}
}
消费者2
/**
* 主题模式的消费者2
*/
public class TopicConsumer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = MQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(MQUtils.QUEUE_NAME2,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
System.out.println("TopicConsumer2 receive :" + new String(delivery.getBody()));
}
}
}
消息的key是"rabbit.com.cn",和myqueue02绑定的*.*.cn匹配,如果消息的key改为"xray.xx.xx",就能和myqueue01的xray.#匹配上