Nhibernate学习之起步篇

 

1. 学习目的
学习Nhibernate基础知识。掌握Nhibernate的配置方法,实现对单表的简单操作,如:创建表,查询,添加,删除,修改。
2. 开发环境+前期准备
开发环境: windows 2003,Visual studio .Net 2005,Sql server 2005 developer edition
前期准备: Nhibernate框架,我用的目前最新版NHibernate-1.2.0.CR1, 下载地址:        http://downloads.sourceforge.net/nhibernate/NHibernate-1.2.0.CR1.msi?modtime=1172161735&big_mirror=0
3. 开发步骤:
1).双击下载下来的NHibernate-1.2.0.CR1.msi,将其安装到某个目录,我的目录为: E:"download project"orm"nhibernate.,打开该目录,即可以看到bin,doc,src三个子目录,分别为Realse好的dll或者exe目录,文档说明目录,和源程序目录.
2).打开visual studio 2005,创建类库项目NhibernateSample1
3).在解决方案管理其中,右键点击引用-添加引用,在选项卡种选择浏览,设定查找范围为:E:"download project"orm"nhibernate"bin,添加对Nhibernate.dll,log4net.dll, Iesi.Collections, HashCodeProvider四个dll的引用.
4).打开SQL Server Management Studio,创建数据库nhibernate。
5).在解决方案管理器中添加hibernate.cfg.xml文件。将下面代码粘贴到此文件: 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"  ?>
< hibernate-configuration   xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2"  >
    
< session-factory  name ="NHibernate.Test" >
        
<!--  properties  -->
        
< property  name ="connection.provider" > NHibernate.Connection.DriverConnectionProvider </ property >
        
< property  name ="connection.driver_class" > NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver </ property >
        
< property  name ="connection.connection_string" > Server=127.0.0.1;initial catalog=nhibernate;uid=sa;pwd=123; </ property >
        
< property  name ="show_sql" > false </ property >
        
< property  name ="dialect" > NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2005Dialect </ property >
        
< property  name ="use_outer_join" > true </ property >
        
<!--  mapping files  -->
        
< mapping  assembly ="NhibernateSample1"  />
    
</ session-factory >     
</ hibernate-configuration >

 该文件是Nhibernate的配置文件,其中connection.connection_string为数据库连接字符串,Dialect项因为我用的是SQL2005,所以为:MsSql2005Dialect注意:<mapping assembly=”NhibernateSample1”/>表示映射NhibernateSample1程序集下的所有类,所以以后不要需要Configuration.AddClass(..)了;

6).添加类文件:User.cs,添加代码: 

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Text;

namespace  NhibernateSample1
{
    
public class User
    
{
        
private int _id;
        
private string _name;
        
private string _pwd;
        
/// <summary>
        
/// 编号
        
/// </summary>

        public virtual int Id
        
{
            
get
            
{
                
return _id;
            }

            
set
            
{
                _id 
= value;
            }

        }


        
/// <summary>
        
/// 名称
        
/// </summary>

        public virtual string Name
        
{
            
get
            
{
                
return _name;
            }

            
set
            
{
                _name 
= value;
            }

        }


        
/// <summary>
        
/// 密码
        
/// </summary>

        public virtual string Pwd
        
{
            
get
            
{
                
return _pwd;
            }

            
set
            
{
                _pwd 
= value;
            }

        }

    }

}

 6).编写User类的映射配置文件:User.hbm.xml

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"  ?>
< hibernate-mapping  xmlns ="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" >
  
< class  name ="NhibernateSample1.User,NhibernateSample1"  table ="Users"  lazy ="false" >
    
< id  name ="Id"  column ="Id"  unsaved-value ="0" >
      
< generator  class ="native"  />
    
</ id >
    
< property  name ="Name"  column ="Name"  type ="string"  length ="64"  not-null ="true"  unique ="true" ></ property >
    
< property  name ="Pwd"   column ="Pwd"   type ="string"  length ="64"  not-null ="true" ></ property >
  
</ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >

  注意:该映射文件的属性中的生成操作必须为:嵌入的资源.

7).编写管理ISession对象的辅助类: NHibernateHelper.cs,代码为:

using  System;
using  System.Web;
using  NHibernate;
using  NHibernate.Cfg;

namespace  NhibernateSample1
{
    
public sealed class NHibernateHelper
    
{
        
private static readonly ISessionFactory sessionFactory;

        
static NHibernateHelper()
        
{
            sessionFactory 
= new Configuration().Configure(@"E:"my project"nhibernate study"simle 1"NHibernateStudy1"NhibernateSample1"hibernate.cfg.xml").BuildSessionFactory();
        }


        
public static ISession GetCurrentSession()
        
{             
            ISession currentSession 
= sessionFactory.OpenSession();
            
return currentSession;
        }


        
public static void CloseSessionFactory()
        
{
            
if (sessionFactory != null)
            
{
                sessionFactory.Close();
            }

        }

    }

}

:因为我用的是单元测试,所以这里的配置文件路径写成固定的了。如果换成windows或者Web 程序,可以直接去掉该路径。

8) 编写测试CRUD:UserFixue

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Text;
using  NHibernate;
using  NHibernate.Cfg;
using  NHibernate.Tool.hbm2ddl;
namespace  NhibernateSample1
{
    
public class UserFixure
    
{
        
private ISession session;
        
public UserFixure()
        
{
            
        }

        
/// <summary>
        
/// 创建表
        
/// </summary>

        public bool ExportTable()
        
{
            
try
            
{
                Configuration cfg 
= new Configuration().Configure(@"E:"my project"nhibernate study"simle 1"NHibernateStudy1"NhibernateSample1"hibernate.cfg.xml");
                session 
= NHibernateHelper.GetCurrentSession();
                ITransaction transaction 
= session.BeginTransaction();
                
new SchemaExport(cfg).Create(truetrue);
                transaction.Commit();
                
return true;
            }

            
catch(Exception ex)
            
{
                
throw ex; 
            }

            
finally
            
{
                session.Close();
            }

        }

        
/// <summary>
        
/// 添加
        
/// </summary>

        public int Add()
        
{
            
try
            
{
                User u 
= new User();
                u.Name 
= Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
                u.Pwd 
= "124";
                session 
= NHibernateHelper.GetCurrentSession();
                ITransaction transaction 
= session.BeginTransaction();
                session.Save(u);
                transaction.Commit();
                
return u.Id;
            }

            
catch (Exception ex)
            
{
                
throw ex;
            }

            
finally
            
{
                session.Close();
            }

        }

        
/// <summary>
        
/// 更新
        
/// </summary>
        
/// <param name="uid"></param>

        public bool Update(int uid)
        
{
            
try
            
{
                session 
= NHibernateHelper.GetCurrentSession();
                ITransaction transaction 
= session.BeginTransaction();
                User u 
= session.Load(typeof(User), uid) as User;
                
if (u != null)
                
{
                    u.Name 
= "updatedName";
                    session.SaveOrUpdate(u);
                    transaction.Commit();
                    u 
= session.Load(typeof(User), uid) as User;
                    
if (u.Name == "updatedName")
                    
{
                        
return true;
                    }

                }

                
return false;
            }

            
catch (Exception ex)
            
{
                
throw ex;
            }

            
finally
            
{
                session.Close();
            }

        }

        
/// <summary>
        
/// 删除
        
/// </summary>
        
/// <param name="uid"></param>
        
/// <returns></returns>

        public bool Delete(int uid)
        
{
            
try
            
{
                session 
= NHibernateHelper.GetCurrentSession();
                ITransaction transaction 
= session.BeginTransaction();
                User u 
= session.Get(typeof(User), uid) as User;
                
if (u != null)
                
{
                   session.Delete(u);
                   transaction.Commit();
                   u 
= session.Get(typeof(User), uid) as User;
                   
if (u == null)
                   
{
                       
return true;
                   }

                }

                
return false;
            }

            
catch (Exception ex)
            
{
                
throw ex;
            }

            
finally
            
{
                session.Close();
            }

        }

        
public System.Collections.IList Query()
        
{
            
try
            
{
                session 
= NHibernateHelper.GetCurrentSession();
                ITransaction transaction 
= session.BeginTransaction();
                System.Collections.IList list
= session.CreateQuery("select u from User as u").List();
                transaction.Commit();
                
return list;
            }

            
catch (Exception ex)
            
{
                
throw ex;
            }

            
finally
            
{
                session.Close();
            }

        }

    }

}


9)创建新单元测试项目: TestProject1,添加NhibernateSample1的引用
10)创建单元测试类: UnitTest1.cs,并输入如下代码:
using  System;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using  NhibernateSample1;

namespace  TestProject1
{
    
/// <summary>
    
/// UnitTest1 的摘要说明
    
/// </summary>

    [TestClass]
    
public class UnitTest1
    
{
        
public UnitTest1()
        
{
            
//
            
// TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
            
//
        }


        
其他测试属性 其他测试属性
        
//
        
// 您可以在编写测试时使用下列其他属性:
        
//
        
// 在运行类中的第一个测试之前使用 ClassInitialize 运行代码
        
// [ClassInitialize()]
        
// public static void MyClassInitialize(TestContext testContext) { }
        
//
        
// 在类中的所有测试都已运行之后使用 ClassCleanup 运行代码
        
// [ClassCleanup()]
        
// public static void MyClassCleanup() { }
        
//
        
// 在运行每个测试之前使用 TestInitialize 运行代码 
        
// [TestInitialize()]
        
// public void MyTestInitialize() { }
        
//
        
// 在运行每个测试之后使用 TestCleanup 运行代码
        
// [TestCleanup()]
        
// public void MyTestCleanup() { }
        
//
        #endregion


        
int uid;
        [TestMethod]
        
public void TestMethod1()
        
{
            UserFixure userFixure 
= new UserFixure();
            Assert.IsTrue(userFixure.ExportTable());            
        }

        [TestMethod]
        
public void TestMethod2()
        
{
            UserFixure userFixure 
= new UserFixure();
            uid 
= userFixure.Add();
            Assert.IsTrue(uid
>0);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        
public void TestMethod3()
        
{
            UserFixure userFixure 
= new UserFixure();
            Assert.IsTrue(userFixure.Update(uid));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        
public void TestMethod4()
        
{
            UserFixure userFixure 
= new UserFixure();
            Assert.IsTrue(userFixure.Delete(uid));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        
public void TestMethod5()
        
{
            UserFixure userFixure 
= new UserFixure();
            Assert.IsTrue(userFixure.Query().Count
>0);
        }

    }

}


11)在菜单-测试-加载元数据文件 选择NHibernateStudy1.vsmdi,然后按顺序执行TestMethod1-TestMethod5,全部成功!
4.总结
 通过使用Nhibernate,基本上可以使开发人员不在接触繁琐的数据库表和数据库操作代码,您唯一需要关心的就是如何设计好类,让这些类满足您的业务需求。从扩展性来说Nhinernate具有非常好的扩展性。与代码生成比较,Nhibernate更改数据表结构对代码的影响要远远小于代码生成。
如果您想下载Demo:/Files/jillzhang/simle.rar
Trackback:http://www.cnblogs.com/jillzhang/archive/2007/03/21/683067.html

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