Creating a black-and-white photograph goes beyond the shutter

创造一张超越快门的黑白照片

A master photo printmaker describes the developing chemicals, tools, and techniques that bring film frames to life.
一位熟练的照片洗印者，描述了显影药品，工具和技巧为照片赋予生命。

PRINT DEVELOPING TRAY（print developing tray）
Three trays—develop, stop, and fix—hold chemicals needed to make a print.
洗印托盘
使用3个托盘，显影、停止显影、定影，控制化学药品用量来洗印照片

RUBBER-TIPPED TONGS（rubber-tipped tongs）
Without them, your fingernails would turn black from the chemicals.
胶头夹子
没有它们，你的手指甲将被化学药品染黑

THERMOMETER（thermometer）
A single-degree shift in the chemicals can alter how a negative develops.
温度计
单刻度温度计，在化学药品中提示底片显影温度

DODGING TOOLS（dodging tools）
As the film is projected onto paper and exposed, moving the tools over dark areas reveals detail.
遮光工具
当胶片投射到像纸上和曝光时，使用工具盖在暗部区域来显示细节

SQUEEGEE（squeegee）
It removes rinse water from a developed print.
橡皮刮水刷
从显影的胶片上刮去漂洗药水

TIMER（timer）
A print stays in the developer chemical for 90 seconds to three minutes.
计时器
照片静置在显影药品中90秒到3分种

GRAIN FOCUSER（grain focuser）
This tool zooms in to ensure the negative’s grain is projected sharply.
纹理聚集器
该工具放大焦距，确保底片纹理被清晰放大

ANTISTATIC BRUSH（antistatic brush）
The negative must be swept clear of dust.
抗静电毛刷
底片必须扫除灰尘确保清洁

LOUPE（loupe）
Magnifying the negative shows scratches or specks.
高倍放大镜
放大底片查看划痕或污点

NEGATIVE CARRIER（negative carrier）
Inserted into the enlarger, this holds the negative steady as it’s magnified and projected onto paper to make a print.
底片架
将其插入放大机，它可以牢固的夹住底片，放大和投射底片到用于印刷的像纸上

MEASURING BEAKER（measuring beaker）
Chemical-to-water ratio in the trays determines development time.
测量烧杯
托盘中药品与水的比例决定了显影时间

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2020/08/creating-a-black-and-white-photograph-goes-beyond-the-shutter/#