Rails 使用 Action Mailer 邮件功能中文编码问题

最近在学习使用rails 的 action mailer实现邮件的发送，当邮件渲染的模版中包含中文字符时，会由于编码问题，导致邮件功能出问题，调试了很长时间，最后发现，其实只要简单设置模版的编码格式就行了。代码如下：

系统默认的编码方式（不支持中文）

• app/mailers/user_mailer.rb

class UserMailer < ApplicationMailer
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.user_mailer.password_reset.subject
  #
  def password_reset(user)
    @user = user
    mail to: @user.email, subject: '密码重置'
  end
end

• app/views/user_mailer/password_reset.html.erb

密码重置

点击以下链接，重置您的密码:

<%= link_to "密码重置", edit_password_reset_url(@user.reset_token,
                                                      email: @user.email) %>

链接两小时内有效.


如果您不要需重置密码，请忽略此邮件！

• 后台输出log
  有中文字符时，Content-Transfer-Encoding 默认采用了base64编码

----==_mimepart_5a2e6d05ed318_17da3fdfe8d207142933e
Content-Type: text/html;
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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----==_mimepart_5a2e6d05ed318_17da3fdfe8d207142933e--

Redirected to http://localhost:3000/
Completed 302 Found in 173ms (ActiveRecord: 5.1ms)

修改后的编码方式

• 在渲染模版时，设置：content_transfer_encoding: "7bit"

class UserMailer < ApplicationMailer
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.user_mailer.password_reset.subject
  #
  def password_reset(user)
    @user = user
    mail(to: @user.email,
         subject: '密码重置') do |format|
      format.html(content_transfer_encoding: "7bit") 
      format.text(content_transfer_encoding: "7bit")
    end
  end
end

• 修改后的输出log

----==_mimepart_5a2e6e778d286_17da3fdfe8d207a029769
Content-Type: text/html;
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit



  
    
    
  

  
    
密码重置

点击以下链接，重置您的密码:

密码重置

链接两小时内有效.


如果您不要需重置密码，请忽略此邮件！


  


----==_mimepart_5a2e6e778d286_17da3fdfe8d207a029769--

Redirected to http://localhost:3000/
Completed 302 Found in 157ms (ActiveRecord: 17.4ms)