RabbitMQ主题模式（Topic）

主题模式（Topic）

主体模式其实就是在路由模式的基础上，支持了对key的通配符匹配（星号以及井号），以满足更加复杂的消息分发场景。
“#” : 匹配一个或者多个
“*”：匹配一个
例如上图中，lazy.#可以匹配到key=lazy.a或者key=lazy.a.b。.orange只能匹配到a.orange,无法匹配a.b.orange

代码

public class Send {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 声明exchange
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");


        // 推送消息到交换机时携带key
        String msg1 = "error.log";
        String key1 = "error.log";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, key1, null, msg1.getBytes());
        String msg2 = "success.log";
        String key2 = "success.log";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, key2, null, msg2.getBytes());
        String msg3 = "a.b.log";
        String key3 = "a.b.log";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, key3, null, msg3.getBytes());

        channel.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

public class Rec1 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue1";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 交换机绑定,绑定交换机时携带key
        String key = "#.log";
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, key);

        // 接收到消息后的回调函数
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now().toString() + " [x] Received '" + message + "'");
        };

        // 监听队列，每当队列中接收到新消息后会触发回调函数
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { });

    }
}

public class Rec2 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic";
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue2";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 交换机绑定,绑定交换机时携带key
        String key = "*.log";
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, key);

        // 接收到消息后的回调函数
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now().toString() + " [x] Received '" + message + "'");
        };

        // 监听队列，每当队列中接收到新消息后会触发回调函数
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { });

    }
}

运行结果

rec1

rec2

其中rec1中的key为“#.log”,rec2中的key为“*.log”。结合上图的运行结果，我们更好理解型号以及井号的匹配规则。

“#.log”匹配了error.log、success.log以及a.b.log
“.log”只匹配了error.log以及success.log
“#” ：匹配一个或者多个
“*”：匹配一个

关键代码

生产者：

// 生产者声明exchange成topic类型
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
// 生产者发送消息的同时携带上key
String msg1 = "error.log";
String key1 = "error.log";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, key1, null, msg1.getBytes());
 

消费者：

// 交换机绑定,绑定交换机时携带key
String key = "*.log";
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, key);