vscode

在ubuntu上使用vscode容器开发

创建一个非root用户运行docker

# 官方链接:https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/linux-postinstall/
(base) hsj@ubuntu:~$ sudo groupadd docker
[sudo] hsj 的密码： 
groupadd：“docker”组已存在
(base) hsj@ubuntu:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
# 重启电脑
# 测试
(base) hsj@ubuntu:~$ docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8c5aeeb6a5f3ba4883347d3747a7249f491766ca1caa47e5da5dfcf6b9b717c0
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

# 如果报错
WARNING: Error loading config file: /home/user/.docker/config.json -
stat /home/user/.docker/config.json: permission denied

# 执行
sudo chown "$USER":"$USER" /home/"$USER"/.docker -R
sudo chmod g+rwx "$HOME/.docker" -R

在vscode搜索插件remote-containers,安装

下载官方测试列子

(base) hsj@ubuntu:~/vscodeProject$ git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-remote-try-python.git
(base) hsj@ubuntu:~/vscodeProject$ cd vscode-remote-try-python/
(base) hsj@ubuntu:~/vscodeProject/vscode-remote-try-python$ tree -a
.
├── app.py
├── .devcontainer
│   ├── devcontainer.json
│   └── Dockerfile
├── .gitattributes
├── .gitignore
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── requirements.txt
├── static
│   └── index.html
└── .vscode
    └── launch.json
# 文件说明
# app.py Flask app 入口文件
# devcontainer.json vscode容器配置文件
# Dockerfile 容器镜像生成文件
# .gitattributes,.gitignore,LICENSE,README.md git相关文件
# requirements.txt python依赖文件
# index.html flask页面文件
# launch.json vscode运行调试文件

重要文件说明

devcontainer.json文件, 官方链接:https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/devcontainerjson-reference

项目中的devcontainer.json文件告诉Visual Studio Code如何使用定义良好的工具和运行时堆栈访问（或创建）开发容器。该容器可用于运行应用程序或用于使用代码库的沙盒工具，库或运行时。它可以与Remote-Containers扩展或GitHub Codespaces一起使用

Property	Type	Description
Dockerfile or image
`image`	string	必填使用已存在镜像时必填。 vscode会使用镜像名称来创建开发容器。
`build.dockerfile` / `dockerFile`	string	必填使用Dockerfile时必填。指定一个用来生成Docker镜像的`Dockerfile`文件。路径相对于`devcontainer.json`文件。可以在这个地址找到各种`Dockerfile`样例。
`build.context` / `context`	string	指定运行`docker build`命令时的上下文目录。路径是基于`devcontainer.json`文件的相对路径。缺省值`"."`
`build.args`	Object	A set of name-value pairs containing Docker image build arguments that should be passed when building a Dockerfile. Environment and pre-defined variables may be referenced in the values. Defaults to not set. For example: `"build": { "args": { "MYARG": "MYVALUE", "MYARGFROMENVVAR": "${localEnv:VARIABLE_NAME}" } }`
`build.target`	string	A string that specifies a Docker image build target that should be passed when building a Dockerfile. Defaults to not set. For example: `"build": { "target": "development" }`
`appPort`	integer, string, array	容器运行时发布到`Host`的端口。多个端口用数组表示。缺省值`"[]"`
`containerEnv`	object	A set of name-value pairs that sets or overrides environment variables for the container. Environment and pre-defined variables may be referenced in the values. For example: `"containerEnv": { "MY_VARIABLE": "${localEnv:MY_VARIABLE}" }` Requires the container be recreated / rebuilt to change.
`remoteEnv`	object	A set of name-value pairs that sets or overrides environment variables for VS Code (or sub-processes like terminals) but not the container as a whole. Environment and pre-defined variables may be referenced in the values. Be sure Terminal > Integrated: Inherit Env is is checked in settings or the variables will not appear in the terminal. For example: `"remoteEnv": { "PATH": "${containerEnv:PATH}:/some/other/path", "MY_VARIABLE": "${localEnv:MY_VARIABLE}" }` Updates are applied when VS Code is restarted (or the window is reloaded).
`containerUser`	string	Overrides the user all operations run as inside the container. Defaults to either `root` or the last `USER` instruction in the related Dockerfile used to create the image. On Linux, the specified container user's UID/GID will be updated to match the local user's UID/GID to avoid permission problems with bind mounts (unless disabled using `updateRemoteUserID`). Requires the container be recreated / rebuilt for updates to take effect.
`remoteUser`	string	Overrides the user that VS Code runs as in the container (along with sub-processes like terminals, tasks, or debugging). Defaults to the `containerUser`. On Linux, the specified container user's UID/GID will be updated to match the local user's UID/GID to avoid permission problems with bind mounts (unless disabled using `updateRemoteUserID`). Updates are applied when VS Code is restarted (or the window is reloaded), but UID/GID updates are only applied when the container is created and requires a rebuild to change.
`updateRemoteUserUID`	boolean	On Linux, if `containerUser` or `remoteUser` is specified, the container user's UID/GID will be updated to match the local user's UID/GID to avoid permission problems with bind mounts. Defaults to `true`. Requires the container be recreated / rebuilt for updates to take effect.
`mounts`	array	An array of additional mount points to add to the container when created. Each value is a string that accepts the same values as the Docker CLI `--mount` flag. Environment and pre-defined variables may be referenced in the value. For example: `"mounts": ["source=${localWorkspaceFolder}/app-scripts,target=/usr/local/share/app-scripts,type=bind,consistency=cached"]` ⚠️ Codespaces ignores "bind" mounts with the exception of the Docker socket.
`workspaceMount`	string	覆盖缺省的`mount`参数。语法参见Docker文档Docker CLI `--mount` flag。可以使用`${localWorkspaceFolder}`引用本地的工作区目录，或使用`${env:VARNAMEHERE}`应用环境变量
`workspaceFolder`	string	设置vscode连接到容器后缺省的工作目录。通常结合`workspaceMount`属性使用
`runArgs`	array	运行容器时的命令行参数Docker CLI arguments。缺省值`"[]"`。可以使用`${localWorkspaceFolder}`引用本地的工作区目录，或使用`${env:VARNAMEHERE}`应用环境变量
`overrideCommand`	boolean	告诉容器在启动时是否执行命令 `/bin/sh -c "while sleep 1000; do :; done"`，用以覆盖缺省的启动执行命令。缺省值`"true"`。
`shutdownAction`	enum	指定在vscode断开连接或者关闭时，是否停止容器。缺省值`"stopContainer"`
Docker Compose
`dockerComposeFile`	string, array	必填指定一个Docker Compose文件，路径相对于`devcontainer.json`文件。当需要扩展Docker Compose配置时，可以使用数组。数组的顺序和重要，后面的文件内容会覆盖之前的设置。缺省的`.env`文件会在项目的根路径下寻找，但可以通过Docker Compose文件中的`env_file`指定另外的路径。
`service`	string	必填指定启动后vscode连接哪个service。
`runServices`	array	指定Docker Compose文件中的哪些services需要启动。同时在断开连接后，这些services将会根据`shutdownAction`的设置决定是否关闭。缺省值为所有的services。
`workspaceFolder`	string	连接到容器后进入的工作目录。缺省值`"/"`
`remoteEnv`	object	A set of name-value pairs that sets or overrides environment variables for VS Code (or sub-processes like terminals) but not the container as a whole. Environment and pre-defined variables may be referenced in the values. Be sure Terminal > Integrated: Inherit Env is is checked in settings or the variables will not appear in the terminal. For example: `"remoteEnv": { "PATH": "${containerEnv:PATH}:/some/other/path", "MY_VARIABLE": "${localEnv:MY_VARIABLE}" }` Updates are applied when VS Code is restarted (or the window is reloaded)
`remoteUser`	string	Overrides the user that VS Code runs as in the container (along with sub-processes like terminals, tasks, or debugging). Does not change the user the container as a whole runs as (which can be set in your Docker Compose file). Defaults to the user the container as a whole is running as (often `root`). Updates are applied when VS Code is restarted (or the window is reloaded).
`shutdownAction`	enum	指定在vscode断开连接或者关闭时，是否停止容器。缺省值`"stopCompose"`
General
`name`	string	容器显示名称
`extensions`	array	需要安装到容器中的vscode扩展。缺省值`"[]"`
`settings`	object	添加到容器中的`vscode settings.json`
`forwardPorts`	array	An array of ports that should be forwarded from inside the container to the local machine.
`postCreateCommand`	string, array	容器创建后第一次启动时执行的一组命令。命令执行目录是容器中`workspaceFolder`指定的目录。多条命令之间使用`&&`进行连接。缺省值 `none`
`postStartCommand`	string, array	A command string or list of command arguments to run when the container starts (in all cases). The parameters behave exactly like `postCreateCommand`, but the commands execute on start rather than create. Not set by default. ⚠️ Not yet supported in Codespaces.
`postAttachCommand`	string, array	A command string or list of command arguments to run after VS Code has attached to a running container (in all cases). The parameters behave exactly like `postCreateCommand`, but the commands execute on attach rather than create. Not set by default. ⚠️ Not yet supported in Codespaces.
`initializeCommand`	string, array	A command string or list of command arguments to run on the local machine before the container is created. This runs either when the container image is being built and when the running container is created or started. The commands execute from the `workspaceFolder` locally. For example, `"yarn install"`. The array syntax `["yarn", "install"]` will invoke the command (in this case `yarn`) directly without using a shell. ⚠️ The command is run wherever the source code is located. For Codespaces this is in the cloud.
`userEnvProbe`	enum	Indicates the type of shell VS Code should use to "probe" for user environment variables to use by default while debugging or running a task: `none` (default), `interactiveShell`, `loginShell`, or `interactiveLoginShell`. Interactive shells will typically include variables set in `/etc/bash.bashrc` and `.bashrc` while login shells usually include variables from these "rc" files, `/etc/profile` and `.profile`. Defaults to `none` since the other modes can slow startup. ⚠️ Not yet supported in Codespaces.
`devPort`	integer	允许给vscode server指定一个端口。缺省为一个随机可用端口。

// devcontainer.json文件内容

{
   // 启动容器后的名称
    "name": "Python 3",
   // 如何构建镜像
    "build": {
        "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
        "context": "..",
        // Update 'VARIANT' to pick a Python version: 3, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 
        "args": { "VARIANT": "3" }
    },
    
    // Set *default* container specific settings.json values on container create.
    "settings": { 
        "terminal.integrated.shell.linux": "/bin/bash",
        "python.pythonPath": "/usr/local/bin/python",
        "python.linting.enabled": true,
        "python.linting.pylintEnabled": true,
        "python.formatting.autopep8Path": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/autopep8",
        "python.formatting.blackPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/black",
        "python.formatting.yapfPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/yapf",
        "python.linting.banditPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/bandit",
        "python.linting.flake8Path": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/flake8",
        "python.linting.mypyPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/mypy",
        "python.linting.pycodestylePath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/pycodestyle",
        "python.linting.pydocstylePath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/pydocstyle",
        "python.linting.pylintPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/pylint"
    },

    // Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created.
    "extensions": [
        "ms-python.python"
    ],

    // Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
    "forwardPorts": [9000],

    // 容器被创建后运行的命令,加-i参数,添加清华源
    "postCreateCommand": "pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple -r requirements.txt",

    // Comment out to connect as root instead.
    "remoteUser": "vscode"
}

构建开发容器

image-20201031155754156

查看镜像和容器

(base) hsj@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY                                                          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
vsc-vscode-remote-try-python-819f272b21d401852f1bc06907b2a3e5-uid   latest              0723fa47dbba        56 minutes ago      1.1GB
vsc-vscode-remote-try-python-819f272b21d401852f1bc06907b2a3e5       latest              23abb7955f18        56 minutes ago      1.1GB
(base) hsj@ubuntu:~$ docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
87530ce7c203        vsc-vscode-remote-try-python-819f272b21d401852f1bc06907b2a3e5-uid   "/bin/sh -c 'echo Co…"   57 minutes ago      Up 57 minutes                           busy_gagarin

启动测试

在vscode终端输入flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port 9000,浏览器输入localhost:9000

image-20201031160135407
调试

在ubuntu上使用vscode容器开发

vscode

在ubuntu上使用vscode容器开发

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