AFNetworking 理解与使用<三>

一、如何选择AFNetworking版本

此文章基于AFNetworking2.0

首先得下载AFNetworking库文件,下载时得首先弄清楚,你将要开发的软件兼容的最低版本是多少。AFNetworking 2.0或者之后的版本需要xcode5.0版本并且只能为IOS6或更高的手机系统上运行。如果开发MAC程序,那么2.0版本只能在MAC OS X 10.8或者更高的版本上运行

AFNetworking 2.0的下载地址https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking

二、获取网络请求

1、如何通过URL获取json数据

1>、利用AFJSONRequestOperation,官方网站上给的例子:

NSString *str=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"https://alpha-api.app.net/stream/0/posts/stream/global"];

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[str stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];

    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

    //    从URL获取json数据

    AFJSONRequestOperation *operation1 = [AFJSONRequestOperation JSONRequestOperationWithRequest:request success:^(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, NSDictionary* JSON) {

                NSLog(@"获取到的数据为:%@",JSON);

    } failure:^(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, NSError *error, id data) {

        NSLog(@"发生错误!%@",error);

    }];

    [operation1 start];

2>、利用AFHTTPRequestOperation 先获取到字符串形式的数据,然后转换成json格式,将NSString格式的数据转换成json数据,利用IOS5自带的json解析方法:

NSString *str=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"https://alpha-api.app.net/stream/0/posts/stream/global"];

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[str stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];

    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

  AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc]initWithRequest:request];

    [operation setCompletionBlockWithSuccess:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, idresponseObject) {

        NSString *html = operation.responseString;

            NSData* data=[html dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

            id dict=[NSJSONSerialization  JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:nil];

        NSLog(@"获取到的数据为:%@",dict);

    }failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {

        NSLog(@"发生错误!%@",error);

    }];

    NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];

    [queue addOperation:operation];

如果发生Error Domain=NSURLErrorDomain Code=-1000 "bad URL" UserInfo=0x14defc80 {NSUnderlyingError=0x14deea10 "bad URL", NSLocalizedDescription=bad URL这个错误,请检查URL编码格式。有没有进行stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding

2、如何通过URL获取图片

异步获取图片,通过队列实现,而且图片会有缓存,在下次请求相同的链接时,系统会自动调用缓存,而不从网上请求数据。

UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f)];

[imageView setImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://i.imgur.com/r4uwx.jpg"]placeholderImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"placeholder-avatar"]]; 

 [self.view addSubview:imageView];

上面的方法是官方提供的,还有一种方法,

NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.scott-sherwood.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/scene.png"]];

    AFImageRequestOperation *operation = [AFImageRequestOperation imageRequestOperationWithRequest:request imageProcessingBlock:nil success:^(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse*response, UIImage *image) {

        self.backgroundImageView.image = image;

    } failure:^(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {

        NSLog(@"Error %@",error);

    }];

    [operation start];

如果使用第一种URLWithString:  placeholderImage:会有更多的细节处理,其实实现还是通过AFImageRequestOperation处理,可以点击URLWithString:  placeholderImage:方法进去看一下就一目了然了。所以我觉得还是用第一种好。

3、如何通过URL获取plist文件

通过url获取plist文件的内容,用的很少,这个方法在官方提供的方法里面没有。

NSString *weatherUrl = @"http://www.calinks.com.cn/buick/kls/Buickhousekeeper.plist";

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[weatherUrl stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];

    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

    [AFPropertyListRequestOperation addAcceptableContentTypes:[NSSet setWithObject:@"text/plain"]];

    AFPropertyListRequestOperation *operation = [AFPropertyListRequestOperation propertyListRequestOperationWithRequest:request success:^(NSURLRequest *request,NSHTTPURLResponse *response, id propertyList) {

        NSLog(@"%@",(NSDictionary *)propertyList);


    }failure:^(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, NSError *error, idpropertyList) {

        NSLog(@"%@",error);

    }];

    [operation start];

4、如何通过URL获取XML数据

xml解析使用AFXMLRequestOperation,需要实现苹果自带的NSXMLParserDelegate委托方法,XML中有一些不需要的协议格式内容,所以就不能像json那样解析,还得实现委托。我之前有想过能否所有的XML链接用一个类处理,而且跟服务端做了沟通,结果很不方便,效果不好。XML大多标签不同,格式也不固定,所以就有问题,使用json就要方便的多。

第一步:在.h文件中加入委托NSXMLParserDelegate

第二步:在.m文件方法中加入代码

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://113.106.90.22:5244/sshopinfo"];

    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

    AFXMLRequestOperation *operation =

    [AFXMLRequestOperation XMLParserRequestOperationWithRequest:request success:^(NSURLRequest*request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, NSXMLParser *XMLParser) {

        XMLParser.delegate = self;

        [XMLParser setShouldProcessNamespaces:YES];

        [XMLParser parse];

    }failure:^(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, NSError *error, NSXMLParser*XMLParser) {

        NSLog(@"%@",error);

    }];

    [operation start];

第三步:在.m文件中实现委托方法

 //在文档开始的时候触发

(void)parserDidStartDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{

    NSLog(@"解析开始!");

}

//解析起始标记

- (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName attributes:(NSDictionary*)attributeDict{

    NSLog(@"标记:%@",elementName);


}

//解析文本节点

- (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string{

    NSLog(@"值:%@",string);

}

//解析结束标记

- (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName{

    NSLog(@"结束标记:%@",elementName);

}

//文档结束时触发

-(void) parserDidEndDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{

    NSLog(@"解析结束!");

}

5、如何使用AFHTTPClient进行web service操作

AFHTTPClient处理GET 和 POST请求.做网页的朋友们这个方法用的比较多。在要经常调用某个请求时,可以封装,节省资源。

  BaseURLString = @"http://www.raywenderlich.com/downloads/weather_sample/";

    NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:BaseURLString]];

    NSDictionary *parameters = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"json" forKey:@"format"];

    AFHTTPClient *client = [[AFHTTPClient alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL];


    [client registerHTTPOperationClass:[AFJSONRequestOperation class]];

    [client setDefaultHeader:@"Accept" value:@"text/html"];

    [client postPath:@"weather.php" parameters:parameters success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation*operation, id responseObject) {

        NSString* newStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObjectencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

        NSLog(@"POST请求:%@",newStr);

    }failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {

        NSLog(@"%@",error);

    }];


    [client getPath:@"weather.php" parameters:parameters success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation*operation, id responseObject) {

        NSString* newStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObjectencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

        NSLog(@"GET请求:%@",newStr);

    }failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {

        NSLog(@"%@",error);

    }];

运行结果:

如果需要显示网络活动指示器,可以用下面方法:

[AFNetworkActivityIndicatorManager sharedManager].enabled = YES;

Error: Error Domain=AFNetworkingErrorDomain Code=-1016 "Request failed: unacceptable content-type: text/html" UserInfo=0x16774de0 {NSErrorFailingURLKey=http://192.168.2.2:8181/ecar/tsp/uploadLocation?CID=781666&serviceType=1, AFNetworkingOperationFailinponseErrorKey= { URL: http://192.168.2.2:8181/ecar/tsp/uploadLocation?CID=781666&serviceType=1 } { status code: 200, headers {

    XXX


} }, NSLocalizedDescription=Request failed: unacceptable content-type: text/html}

返回数据格式不对。注销这句话: op.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializerserializer];然后将返回的数据自己转换。

demo下载地址:点击打开下载界面

此文章基于AFNetworking2.0,如果您使用的是2.5版本的,请看这篇文章:AFNetworking2.5使用

点击了解YTKNetwork

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