Java开发小技巧:HttpClient工具类

前言

大多数Java应用程序都会通过HTTP协议来调用接口访问各种网络资源,JDK也提供了相应的HTTP工具包,但是使用起来不够方便灵活,所以我们可以利用Apache的HttpClient来封装一个具有访问HTTP协议基本功能的高效工具类,为后续开发使用提供方便。

文章要点:

HttpClient使用流程

工具类封装

使用实例

HttpClient使用流程

1、导入Maven依赖

org.apache.httpcomponentshttpclient4.5.5commons-codeccommons-codec1.11com.google.code.gsongson2.8.5

2、创建HttpClient实例

HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

3、创建请求方法的实例

GET请求使用HttpGet,POST请求使用HttpPost,并传入请求的URL

// POST请求HttpPost post =newHttpPost(url);// GET请求,URL中带请求参数HttpGet get =newHttpGet(url);

4、添加请求参数

普通形式

List list =newArrayList<>();list.add(newBasicNameValuePair("username","admin"));list.add(newBasicNameValuePair("password","123456"));// GET请求方式// 由于GET请求的参数是拼装在URL后方,所以需要构建一个完整的URL,再创建HttpGet实例URIBuilder uriBuilder =newURIBuilder("http://www.baidu.com");uriBuilder.setParameters(list);HttpGet get =newHttpGet(uriBuilder.build());// POST请求方式post.setEntity(newUrlEncodedFormEntity(list, Charsets.UTF_8));

JSON形式

Map map =newHashMap<>();map.put("username","admin");map.put("password","123456");Gson gson =newGson();String json = gson.toJson(map,newTypeToken>() {}.getType());post.setEntity(newStringEntity(json, Charsets.UTF_8));post.addHeader("Content-Type","application/json");

5、发送请求

调用HttpClient实例的execute方法发送请求,返回一个HttpResponse对象

HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

6、获取结果

String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

7、释放连接

post.releaseConnection();

工具类封装

HttpClient工具类代码(根据相应使用场景进行封装):

publicclassHttpClientUtil{// 发送GET请求publicstaticStringgetRequest(String path, List parametersBody)throwsRestApiException, URISyntaxException{        URIBuilder uriBuilder =newURIBuilder(path);        uriBuilder.setParameters(parametersBody);        HttpGet get =newHttpGet(uriBuilder.build());        HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();try{            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);intcode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();if(code >=400)thrownewRuntimeException((newStringBuilder()).append("Could not access protected resource. Server returned http code: ").append(code).toString());returnEntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());        }catch(ClientProtocolException e) {thrownewRestApiException("postRequest -- Client protocol exception!", e);        }catch(IOException e) {thrownewRestApiException("postRequest -- IO error!", e);        }finally{            get.releaseConnection();        }    }// 发送POST请求(普通表单形式)publicstaticStringpostForm(String path, List parametersBody)throwsRestApiException{        HttpEntity entity =newUrlEncodedFormEntity(parametersBody, Charsets.UTF_8);returnpostRequest(path,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded", entity);    }// 发送POST请求(JSON形式)publicstaticStringpostJSON(String path, String json)throwsRestApiException{        StringEntity entity =newStringEntity(json, Charsets.UTF_8);returnpostRequest(path,"application/json", entity);    }// 发送POST请求publicstaticStringpostRequest(String path, String mediaType, HttpEntity entity)throwsRestApiException{        logger.debug("[postRequest] resourceUrl: {}", path);        HttpPost post =newHttpPost(path);        post.addHeader("Content-Type", mediaType);        post.addHeader("Accept","application/json");        post.setEntity(entity);try{            HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();            HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);intcode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();if(code >=400)thrownewRestApiException(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));returnEntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());        }catch(ClientProtocolException e) {thrownewRestApiException("postRequest -- Client protocol exception!", e);        }catch(IOException e) {thrownewRestApiException("postRequest -- IO error!", e);        }finally{            post.releaseConnection();        }    }}

使用实例

GET请求

List parametersBody =newArrayList();parametersBody.add(newBasicNameValuePair("userId","admin"));String result = HttpClientUtil.getRequest("http://www.test.com/user",parametersBody);

POST请求

List parametersBody =newArrayList();parametersBody.add(newBasicNameValuePair("username","admin"));parametersBody.add(newBasicNameValuePair("password","123456"));String result = HttpClientUtil.postForm("http://www.test.com/login",parametersBody);

POST请求(JSON形式)

Map map =newHashMap<>();map.put("username","admin");map.put("password","123456");Gson gson =newGson();String json = gson.toJson(map,newTypeToken>() {}.getType());String result = HttpClientUtil.postJSON("http://www.test.com/login", json);                                                                                                欢迎工作一到五年的Java工程师朋友们加入Java群: 891219277

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