Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群

1、背景

最近在学习hadoop,本文记录一下,怎样在Centos7系统上搭建一个3个节点的hadoop集群。

2、集群规划

hadoop集群是由2个集群构成的,分别是hdfs集群和yarn集群。2个集群都是主从结构。

2.1 hdfs集群规划

ip地址 主机名 部署服务
192.168.121.140 hadoop01 NameNode,DataNode,JobHistoryServer
192.168.121.141 hadoop02 DataNode
192.168.121.142 hadoop03 DataNode,SecondaryNameNode

2.2 yarn集群规划

ip地址 主机名 部署服务
192.168.121.140 hadoop01 NodeManager
192.168.121.141 hadoop02 ResourceManager,NodeManager
192.168.121.142 hadoop03 NodeManager

3、集群搭建步骤

3.1 安装JDK

安装jdk步骤较为简单,此处省略。需要注意的是hadoop需要的jdk版本。 https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/HADOOP/Hadoop+Java+Versions

3.2 修改主机名和host映射

ip地址 主机名
192.168.121.140 hadoop01
192.168.121.141 hadoop02
192.168.121.142 hadoop03

3台机器上同时执行如下命令

# 此处修改主机名,3台机器的主机名需要都不同
[root@hadoop01 ~]# vim /etc/hostname
[root@hadoop01 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
hadoop01
[root@hadoop01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@hadoop01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts | grep hadoop*
192.168.121.140 hadoop01
192.168.121.141 hadoop02
192.168.121.142 hadoop03

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第1张图片

3.3 配置时间同步

集群中的时间最好保持一致,否则可能会有问题。此处我本地搭建,虚拟机是可以链接外网,直接配置和外网时间同步。如果不能链接外网,则集群中的3台服务器,让另外的2台和其中的一台保持时间同步。

3台机器同时执行如下命令

# 将centos7的时区设置成上海
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
# 安装ntp
[root@hadoop01 ~]# yum install ntp
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                           | 3.6 kB     00:00
extras                                         | 2.9 kB     00:00
updates                                        | 2.9 kB     00:00
软件包 ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.aarch64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
# 将ntp设置成缺省启动
[root@hadoop01 ~]# systemctl enable ntpd
# 重启ntp服务
[root@hadoop01 ~]# service ntpd restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart ntpd.service
# 对准时间
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ntpdate asia.pool.ntp.org
19 Feb 12:36:22 ntpdate[1904]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting
# 对准硬件时间和系统时间
[root@hadoop01 ~]# /sbin/hwclock --systohc
# 查看时间
[root@hadoop01 ~]# timedatectl
      Local time: 日 2023-02-19 12:36:35 CST
  Universal time: 日 2023-02-19 04:36:35 UTC
        RTC time: 日 2023-02-19 04:36:35
       Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
     NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a
# 开始自动时间和远程ntp时间进行同步
[root@hadoop01 ~]# timedatectl set-ntp true

3.4 关闭防火墙

3台机器上同时关闭防火墙,如果不关闭的话,则需要放行hadoop可能用到的所有端口等。

# 关闭防火墙
[root@hadoop01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
# 关闭防火墙开机自启
[root@hadoop01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

3.5 配置ssh免密登录

3.5.1 新建hadoop部署用户
[root@hadoop01 ~]# useradd hadoopdeploy
[root@hadoop01 ~]# passwd hadoopdeploy
更改用户 hadoopdeploy 的密码 。
新的 密码:
无效的密码: 密码包含用户名在某些地方
重新输入新的 密码:
passwd:所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@hadoop01 ~]# vim /etc/sudoers
[root@hadoop01 ~]# cat /etc/sudoers | grep hadoopdeploy
hadoopdeploy    ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第2张图片

3.5.2 配置hadoopdeploy用户到任意一台机器都免密登录

配置3台机器,从任意一台到自身和另外2台都进行免密登录。

当前机器 当前用户 免密登录的机器 免密登录的用户
hadoop01 hadoopdeploy hadoop01,hadoop02,hadoop03 hadoopdeploy
hadoop02 hadoopdeploy hadoop01,hadoop02,hadoop03 hadoopdeploy
hadoop03 hadoopdeploy hadoop01,hadoop02,hadoop03 hadoopdeploy

此处演示从 hadoop01hadoop01,hadoop02,hadoop03免密登录的shell

# 切换到 hadoopdeploy 用户
[root@hadoop01 ~]# su - hadoopdeploy
Last login: Sun Feb 19 13:05:43 CST 2023 on pts/0
# 生成公私钥对,下方的提示直接3个回车即可
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoopdeploy/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/hadoopdeploy/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoopdeploy/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoopdeploy/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:PFvgTUirtNLwzDIDs+SD0RIzMPt0y1km5B7rY16h1/E hadoopdeploy@hadoop01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|B   .   .        |
| B o   . o       |
|+ * * + + .      |
| O B / = +       |
|. = @ O S o      |
|   o * o *       |
|    = o o E      |
|   o +           |
|    .            |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id hadoop01
...
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id hadoop02
...
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id hadoop03

3.7 配置hadoop

此处如无特殊说明,都是使用的hadoopdeploy用户来操作。

3.7.1 创建目录(3台机器都执行)
# 创建 /opt/bigdata 目录
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ sudo mkdir /opt/bigdata
# 将 /opt/bigdata/ 目录及它下方所有的子目录的所属者和所属组都给 hadoopdeploy
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ sudo chown -R hadoopdeploy:hadoopdeploy /opt/bigdata/
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ ll /opt
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoopdeploy hadoopdeploy  6 Feb 19 13:15 bigdata
3.7.2 下载hadoop并解压(hadoop01操作)
# 进入目录
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ cd /opt/bigdata/
# 下载
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.3.4/hadoop-3.3.4.tar.gz
# 解压并压缩
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 bigdata]$ tar -zxvf hadoop-3.3.4.tar.gz && rm -rvf hadoop-3.3.4.tar.gz
3.7.3 配置hadoop环境变量(hadoop01操作)

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第3张图片

# 进入hadoop目录
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop-3.3.4]$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/
# 切换到root用户
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop-3.3.4]$ su - root
Password:
Last login: Sun Feb 19 13:06:41 CST 2023 on pts/0
[root@hadoop01 ~]# vim /etc/profile
# 查看hadoop环境变量配置
[root@hadoop01 ~]# tail -n 3 /etc/profile
# 配置HADOOP
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/
export PATH=${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin:$PATH
# 让环境变量生效
[root@hadoop01 ~]# source /etc/profile
3.7.4 hadoop的配置文件分类(hadoop01操作)

hadoop中配置文件大概有这么3大类。

  • 默认的只读配置文件: core-default.xml, hdfs-default.xml, yarn-default.xml and mapred-default.xml.
  • 自定义配置文件: etc/hadoop/core-site.xml, etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml, etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml and etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml 会覆盖默认的配置。
  • 环境配置文件: etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh and optionally the etc/hadoop/mapred-env.sh and etc/hadoop/yarn-env.sh 比如配置NameNode的启动参数HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS等。

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第4张图片

3.7.5 配置 hadoop-env.sh(hadoop01操作)
# 切换到hadoopdeploy用户
[root@hadoop01 ~]# su - hadoopdeploy
Last login: Sun Feb 19 14:22:50 CST 2023 on pts/0
# 进入到hadoop的配置目录
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 ~]$ cd /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/etc/hadoop/
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ vim hadoop-env.sh
# 增加如下内容
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk8
export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=hadoopdeploy
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=hadoopdeploy
export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=hadoopdeploy
export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=hadoopdeploy
export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=hadoopdeploy
3.7.6 配置core-site.xml文件(hadoop01操作)(核心配置文件)

默认配置文件路径:https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/core-default.xml

vim /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml


    
    
        fs.defaultFS
        hdfs://hadoop01:8020
    

    
    
        hadoop.tmp.dir
        /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/data
    

    
    
        hadoop.http.staticuser.user
        hadoopdeploy
    
    
    
        fs.trash.interval
        1440
    
3.7.7 配置hdfs-site.xml文件(hadoop01操作)(hdfs配置文件)

默认配置文件路径:https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/hdfs-default.xml

vim /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml



    
    
        dfs.replication
        2
    

    
    
        dfs.namenode.http-address
        hadoop01:9870
    
    
    
        dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address
        hadoop03:9868
    

3.7.8 配置yarn-site.xml文件(hadoop01操作)(yarn配置文件)

默认配置文件路径:https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-common/yarn-default.xml

vim /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml



    
    
    
        yarn.resourcemanager.hostname
        hadoop02
    
    
    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
        mapreduce_shuffle
    
    
    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.pmem-check-enabled
        false
    
    
    
    
        yarn.nodemanager.vmem-check-enabled
        false
    
    
    
    
        yarn.log.server.url
        http://hadoop02:19888/jobhistory/logs
    
    
    
    
        yarn.log-aggregation-enable
        true
    
    
    
    
        yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds
        604800
    
3.7.9 配置mapred-site.xml文件(hadoop01操作)(mapreduce配置文件)

默认配置文件路径:https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/mapred-default.xml

vim /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml


    
    
        mapreduce.framework.name
        yarn
    
    
    
    
        mapreduce.jobhistory.address
        hadoop01:10020
    
    
    
    
        mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address
        hadoop01:19888
    
    
    
        yarn.app.mapreduce.am.env
        HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
    
    
    
        mapreduce.map.env
        HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
    
    
    
        mapreduce.reduce.env
        HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
    
3.7.10 配置workers文件(hadoop01操作)

vim /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/etc/hadoop/workers

hadoop01
hadoop02
hadoop03

workers配置文件中不要有多余的空格或换行。

3.7.11 3台机器hadoop配置同步(hadoop01操作)
1、同步hadoop文件
# 同步 hadoop 文件
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ scp -r /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/ hadoopdeploy@hadoop02:/opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ scp -r /opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/ hadoopdeploy@hadoop03:/opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4
2、hadoop02和hadoop03设置hadoop的环境变量
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop03 bigdata]$ su - root
Password:
Last login: Sun Feb 19 13:07:40 CST 2023 on pts/0
[root@hadoop03 ~]# vim /etc/profile
[root@hadoop03 ~]# tail -n 4 /etc/profile

# 配置HADOOP
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/bigdata/hadoop-3.3.4/
export PATH=${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin:$PATH
[root@hadoop03 ~]# source /etc/profile

3、启动集群

3.1 集群格式化

当是第一次启动集群时,需要对hdfs进行格式化,在NameNode节点操作。

[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ hdfs namenode -format

3.2 集群启动

启动集群有2种方式

  • 方式一: 每台机器逐个启动进程,比如:启动NameNode,启动DataNode,可以做到精确控制每个进程的启动。
  • 方式二: 配置好各个机器之间的免密登录并且配置好 workers 文件,通过脚本一键启动。

3.2.1 逐个启动进程

# HDFS 集群
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ hdfs --daemon start namenode | datanode | secondarynamenode

# YARN 集群
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ hdfs yarn --daemon start resourcemanager | nodemanager | proxyserver

3.2.2 脚本一键启动

  • start-dfs.sh 一键启动hdfs集群的所有进程
  • start-yarn.sh 一键启动yarn集群的所有进程
  • start-all.sh 一键启动hdfs和yarn集群的所有进程

3.3 启动集群

3.3.1 启动hdfs集群

需要在NameNode这台机器上启动

# 改脚本启动集群中的 NameNode、DataNode和SecondaryNameNode
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ start-dfs.sh

3.3.2 启动yarn集群

需要在ResourceManager这台机器上启动

# 该脚本启动集群中的 ResourceManager 和 NodeManager 进程
[hadoopdeploy@hadoop02 hadoop]$ start-yarn.sh

3.3.3 启动JobHistoryServer

[hadoopdeploy@hadoop01 hadoop]$ mapred --daemon start historyserver

3.4 查看各个机器上启动的服务是否和我们规划的一致

查看各个机器上启动的服务是否和我们规划的一致
可以看到是一致的。

3.5 访问页面

3.5.1 访问NameNode ui (hdfs集群)

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第5张图片
如果这个时候通过 hadoop fs 命令可以上传文件,但是在这个web界面上可以创建文件夹,但是上传文件报错,此处就需要在访问ui界面的这个电脑的hosts文件中,将部署hadoop的那几台的电脑的ip 和hostname 在本机上进行映射

3.5.2 访问SecondaryNameNode ui

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第6张图片

3.5.3 查看ResourceManager ui(yarn集群)

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第7张图片

3.5.4 访问jobhistory

Centos7搭建hadoop3.3.4分布式集群_第8张图片

4、参考链接

1、https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/HADOOP/Hadoop+Java+Versions
2、https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/ClusterSetup.html

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