网络编程与HTTP请求

目录

IP与端口的操作

通信相关

套接字(Socket)

TCP协议

特点:

TCP实践操作 

客户端

服务端

UDP协议

特点:

UDP实践操作 

发送方

接收方

Java之HTTP请求

开启tomcat服务用来接收请求

HTTP发送GET请求

HTTP发送POST请求

注意:

IP与端口的操作

  • 类:InetAddress——封装了IP
  • 类:InetSocketAddress——封装了IP、Port

注意:我们直接操作IP、Port不行,必须将其封装成对象操作才可以

InetAddress不能直接创建对象,因为其构造方法权限修饰符为默认,不过他有静态方法可以通过类名直接调用

InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(address);//域名/IP地址
//getByName()中可以封装ip、域名等可以与ip映射的东西
System.out.println(address.getHostName());//获取域名
System.out.println(address.getHostAddress());//获取ip地址
 
//关于类InetSocketAddress
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("192.168.199.217", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());//获得域名
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());//获得端口号
InetAddress address1 = inetSocketAddress.getAddress();//获得ip地址对象
System.out.println(address1.getHostName());//获得域名
System.out.println(address1.getHostAddress());//获得IP地址

通信相关

  • TCP/IP体系结构:网络通信的基础。
  • 通信的2个重要条件:IP+端口(port)
  • 通信协议:设备之间进行数据传输的时候必须遵循一定的规则,这种规则就叫通信协议

套接字(Socket)

作用:应用层获取传输层协议(TCP/UDP)

TCP协议

名称:传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol)

特点:

  • 可靠的、面向连接
  • 建立连接三次握手,释放连接四次挥手

注意:

  • 需要先开服务器来等待客户端请求
  • 客户端与服务端双向通信,当客户端输入我想关闭连接时关闭连接

TCP实践操作 

客户端

public class Customer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建套接字,指定服务器的IP和端口
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 6666);
        socket.setSoTimeout(1000000);//设置连接超时时间,以ms为单位
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();//获取输出流用来发送数据
        DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(outputStream);//变成可处理字符串的输出流——装饰模式
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();//获取输入流用来读数据
        DataInputStream dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(inputStream);//变成可处理字符串的输入流——装饰模式
        String s1="";
        while(!s1.equals("关闭")) {
            String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            dataOutputStream.writeUTF(s);//给服务器发送数据——不阻塞
            s1 = dataInputStream.readUTF();//读取服务端信息——其为阻塞方法
            System.out.println(s1);
        }
        //以下为关流
        dataOutputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端

public class Service {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建套接字,监听6666端口
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(6666);
        //accept()为阻塞方法,等待用户端数据,什么时候收到数据什么时候执行,返回值为客户端socket,接到这个socket后,客户端和服务器才真正建立连接,才真正可以通信了
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();//获取输入流,用来得到客户端数据
        DataInputStream dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(inputStream);//利用字符串处理流来读取字符串
        OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();//获取输出流,用来向客户端写数据
        DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(outputStream);
        String s1="";
        while(!s1.equals("关闭")) {
            String s = dataInputStream.readUTF();//读取客户端数据——其为阻塞方法
            System.out.println(s);//信息
            if(s.equals("我想关闭连接")){
                s1="关闭";
                dataOutputStream.writeUTF(s1);
            }else {
                s1 = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
                dataOutputStream.writeUTF(s1);//不阻塞
            }
        }
        //以下为关流
        dataInputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        accept.close();//客户端socket
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}//全写好之后运行该服务等待客户端请求

UDP协议

名称:数据报协议(User Datagram Protocol)

特点:

  • 面向无连接
  • 将数据包进行拆分逐个发送到目的地最终在服务器端做一个汇总(会有丢包问题)

注意:

  • 发送方和接收方地位平等
  • 发送方与接收方双向通信,当发送方输入下次再聊时停止

UDP实践操作 

发送方

public class Send {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //准备套接字,指定发送方的端口号
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        String s1="";
        while(!s1.equals("bye bye")) {
            //发送阶段
            //准备数据包
            String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
            byte[] bytes = s.getBytes();
            //里面传接收方的IP地址对象及端口
            DatagramPacket localhost = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length, InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), 6666);
            //向目标地址发送数据包
            datagramSocket.send(localhost);//不是阻塞方法
 
            //接收阶段
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(b, b.length);
            datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
            byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
            s1 = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
            System.out.println(s1);
        }
        //关流
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

接收方

public class Get {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(6666);//指定接收方的端口号
        boolean flag=true;
        while(flag) {
            //接收阶段
            //搞一个空数据包用来接收对方传过来的数据
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);
            //接收对方发过来的数据包放入datagramPacket数据包中进行填充
            datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//其为阻塞方法,接收数据包后,datagramPacket里面的内容就填充好了
            //取出数据
            byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
            String s = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());//取出特定长度的字节数据转化为字符串类型
            System.out.println(s);
            if(s.equals("下次再聊")){
                DatagramPacket end = new DatagramPacket("bye bye".getBytes(), "bye bye".getBytes().length, InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), 8888);
                datagramSocket.send(end);
                flag=false;
            }else {
                //发送阶段
                //准备数据包
                String s1 = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
                byte[] b = s1.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket localhost = new DatagramPacket(b, b.length, InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), 8888);
                //向目标地址发送数据包
                datagramSocket.send(localhost);//不是阻塞方法
            }
        }
        //关流
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

Java之HTTP请求

开启tomcat服务用来接收请求

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class MyController {
    @GetMapping("/getName")
    public String responseName(String name){
        return "你的名字为"+name;
    }
    @PostMapping("/getUser")
    public String responseUser(@RequestBody Map map){
        System.out.println(map);
        return "你的post请求发送成功";
    }
}

注意:这里我用的端口为8088

HTTP发送GET请求

public class HttpTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //定义一个url字符串
        String urlstr = "http://localhost:8088/hello/getName?name=lili";
        //将url字符串转换为url对象
        URL url = new URL(urlstr);
        //通过该url对象创建连接
        URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
        //URLConnection为一个抽象类,我们需要HttpURLConnection
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection;
        //使用url.openConnection()创建了连接,connect()方法可有可无;
        //如果使用HttpURLConnection conn=new HttpURLConnection(new URL(“路径”)),则需要使用connect()方法进行连接。
        //httpURLConnection.connect();
        //设置请求头
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
        //设置请求类型
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        //设置连接超时时间10s
        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
        //设置读取超时时间10秒
        httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(10000);
        //允许从远程服务器中读取数据,默认为true
        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
        //获取HttpURLConnection的输入流,用来读数据
        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        //装饰模式,处理流对该流进行处理
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8");
        //该处理流用来增加处理效率
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
        String line;
        StringBuilder all = new StringBuilder();
        //若该行数据不为空,则追加到all
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            all.append(line);
        }
        System.out.println(all);
        //获得响应状态码
        int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
        System.out.println(responseCode);
        //关流
        bufferedReader.close();
        inputStreamReader.close();
        inputStream.close();
        //关闭连接
        httpURLConnection.disconnect();
    }
}

HTTP发送POST请求

public class HttpTestPost {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //定义一个url字符串
        String urlstr = "http://localhost:8088/hello/getUser";
        //将url字符串转换为url对象
        URL url = new URL(urlstr);
        //通过该url对象创建连接
        URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
        //URLConnection为一个抽象类,我们需要HttpURLConnection
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection;
        //设置请求头
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("appId", "app_service");
        //设置请求类型
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        //设置请求体格式,这里设置的是json格式
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8;");
        //设置连接超时时间10s
        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
        //设置请求体
        HashMap map = new HashMap();
        map.put("name","lili");
        map.put("age",18);
        //将usermap转化为json格式
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String jsonBody = mapper.writeValueAsString(map);
        //设置成true,向远程服务器写数据,默认是false
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        OutputStream outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write(jsonBody.getBytes());
        outputStream.flush();
        //关流
        outputStream.close();
        //允许从远程服务器中读取数据,默认为true
        //httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
        //获取HttpURLConnection的输入流,用来读数据
        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        //装饰模式,处理流对该流进行处理
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8");
        //该处理流用来增加处理效率
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
        String line;
        StringBuilder all = new StringBuilder();
        //若该行数据不为空,则追加到all
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            all.append(line);
        }
        System.out.println(all);
        //获得响应状态码
        int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
        System.out.println(responseCode);
        //关流
        bufferedReader.close();
        inputStreamReader.close();
        inputStream.close();
        //关闭连接
        httpURLConnection.disconnect();
    }
}

注意:

  • 使用url.openConnection()已经创建了连接就无需再创建连接
  • 使用HttpURLConnection conn=new HttpURLConnection(new URL(“路径”)),则需要使用connect()方法进行连接。
  • httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true)方法为允许从远程服务器中读取数据,默认为true
  • httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true)方法为允许向远程服务器写数据,默认是false

你可能感兴趣的:(Java,https,网络,http)