vmware虚拟机Linux增加硬盘

创建虚拟硬盘
1、关闭VM中正在运行的虚拟系统；
2、在虚拟系统名称上点右键－》Virtual Machine Settings；
3、在Hardware页点“Add”－》Add a hard disk－》Create a new virtual disk－》SCSI(recommended)－》分配空间大小－》OK；
4、可以看见Hardware中出现了一块新的硬盘Hard Disk 2。

一、对虚拟硬盘进行分区和格式化

 1.查看目前系统上有几块硬盘

[root@cncmail data1]# fdisk -l

第一块硬盘信息

Disk /dev/sda: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System
/dev/sda1    *          1        255    2048256    83   Linux
/dev/sda2            256       1530   10241437+   83   Linux
/dev/sda3           4296       4425    1044225    82   Linux swap
/dev/sda4           1531       4295   22209862+    f   Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5           1531       2805   10241406    83   Linux
/dev/sda6           2806       4295   11968393+   83   Linux

Partition table entries are not in disk order

第二块硬盘信息

Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes ## 这里发现/dev/sdb，容量36.7G，切未被分区
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

第二块硬盘没有分区表
[root@linux root]# fdisk /dev/sdb

对第二块硬盘进行分区

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4462.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a    toggle a bootable flag
b    edit bsd disklabel
c    toggle the dos compatibility flag
d    delete a partition
l    list known partition types
m    print this menu
n    add a new partition
o    create a new empty DOS partition table
p    print the partition table
q    quit without saving changes
s    create a new empty Sun disklabel
t    change a partition's system id
u    change display/entry units
v    verify the partition table
w    write table to disk and exit
x    extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p     

## 打印出目前该硬盘下的分区列表

Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System

Command (m for help): n     

 ## 增加一个分区
Command action
e    extended
p    primary partition (1-4)
## 因为通常选择主分区，所以这里打一个p
p
Partition number (1-4): 1     ## 这里因为是第一个分却，所以只选择1，如果是第二个分区，则选择2,依次类推
First cylinder (1-4462, default 1): ## 新分区起始的磁盘块数 直接回车
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4462, default 4462): 如果要分区10G，这里可以直接输入：+10240M，因为这里要全部使用硬盘空间，则用默认，即直接回车
Using default value 4462

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System
/dev/sdb1              1       4462   35840983+   83   Linux
## 这里第一个分区已经分好了，接下去得把这个分区写入硬盘，用w
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

下面的工作就是对该硬盘进行格式，我这里是格式化成ext3
[root@linux root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 或mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/sdb1 (这里原来的命令是：mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1，试了一下不成功，改了)
mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
4480448 inodes, 8960245 blocks
448012 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
274 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16352 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.   Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

检查一下，是否已经格式好
[root@linux root]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System
/dev/sda1    *          1        255    2048256    83   Linux
/dev/sda2            256       1530   10241437+   83   Linux
/dev/sda3           4296       4425    1044225    82   Linux swap
/dev/sda4           1531       4295   22209862+    f   Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5           1531       2805   10241406    83   Linux
/dev/sda6           2806       4295   11968393+   83   Linux

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb: 36.7 GB, 36703918080 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4462 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot     Start        End     Blocks    Id   System
/dev/sdb1              1       4462   35840983+   83   Linux

挂载虚拟硬盘
分区分好，也格式化好了，下面就是挂载
我把/dev/sdb1挂载到/data1目录下
[root@linux root]# mkdir /data1   ## 首先建立挂载的目录data1
[root@linux root]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1 ##将sdb1挂载到data1  

重启系统之后，查看是否挂载成功：
[root@linux data1]# df -h
文件系统               容量   已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda1              2.0G   454M   1.4G   25% /
/dev/sda6               12G    53M    11G    1% /bak
/dev/sdb1               34G    33M    32G    1% /data1
none                   250M      0   250M    0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2              9.7G   1.5G   7.7G   17% /usr
/dev/sda5              9.7G   8.6G   559M   95% /var

这里看到/dev/sda6               12G    53M    11G    1% /bak
说明已经挂载成功了。到根目录“/”下可以查看到这个挂载好的data1。

注意：为防止每次重启服务器都要进行手工挂载，需修改/etc/fstab进行自动挂载，代码为：vi /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1      /data1          ext3               defaults                1  2