New SQL Server Function to Format Dates

Problem

SQL Server 2008 and earlier versions used the CONVERT functions to handle date formatting. In this tip, Date and Time Conversions Using SQL Server, we have a list of the available examples on how to use the CONVERT function to handle different date formats.  As you may notice, this function is not very flexible and we have limited date formats. In SQL Server 2012 and future versions, a new function FORMAT has been introduced which is much easier to use.  This article shows different examples of using this new function.

Solution

SQL Server 2012 includes a new function to handle formatting dates. This function is similar to Oracle's to_date function. Many Oracle DBAs complained about the CONVERT function and its poor flexibility and now we have a new way to format dates in SQL Server.

With the FORMAT function we do not need to know the format number, we can just specify the format that we want and we get that format.

The syntax of the FORMAT function is the following:

FORMAT (Value,format[,culture])

GO

FORMAT Samples

Let's start with an example:

select FORMAT (getdate(), 'dd-MM-yy') as date

GO

The format is day-month-year. The output will be: 07-03-12.

Let's try another one:

select FORMAT (getdate(), 'hh:mm:ss') as time

GO

The format is hours:minutes:seconds. The output will be: 02:48:42.

Culture Option

Another option for this function is the culture. With the culture option you can obtain regional formatting.

For example the hour in USA format is:

select FORMAT (getdate(), 'd', 'en-us') as date

GO

The output is: 3/7/2012

Here is another example where we will use the Spanish culture in Bolivia (es-bo):

select FORMAT (getdate(), 'd', 'es-bo') as date

GO

The output is: 07/03/2012 which is different because each country has its own format.  In Bolivia the format is day, month, year where in the United States it is month, day, year.

For a complete list of values for cultures, tale a look at this article language codes.

More examples for the FORMAT function

Query	Sample output
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'dd/MM/yyyy ') as date	07/03/2012
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'dd/MM/yyyy, hh:mm:ss ') as date	07/03/2012, 11:33:13
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'dddd, MMMM, yyyy') as date	Wednesday, March, 2012
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'MMM dd yyyy') as date	Mar 07 2012
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'MM.dd.yy') as date	03.07.12
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'MM-dd-yy') as date	03-07-12
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'hh:mm:ss tt') as date	11:36:14 AM
select FORMAT (getdate(), 'd','af') as date