多线程之间实现互斥操作方式很多种,临界区(Critical Section),互斥量(Mutex),信号量(Semaphore),事件(Event)等方式
其中临界区,互斥量,信号量算是严格意义的实现互斥操作的,事件应该说算是一种线程间的通信机制来保证互斥
在多线程中,可以直接将这些变量定义为全局的,然后在不同的线程中使用,那么多进程环境就不行了。
多进程如果要实现多共享资源的互斥操作,只能使用互斥量(Mutex)
Mutex分为命名和匿名互斥量,进程间只能使用命名方式。
windows下面的操作函数为:CreateMutex,WaitForSingleObject,ReleaseMutex,CloseHandle
linux下面的操作函数为:sem_open,sem_wait,sem_post,sem_close(关闭当前进程中的互斥量句柄,内核中仍然存在),sem_unlink(从内核中移除互斥量)
下面封装了一个跨平台实现多进程互斥操作的类,我自己测试过,可以拿来使用:
ProcessMutex.h文件:
1 #ifndef __PROCESS_MUTEX_H__ 2 #define __PROCESS_MUTEX_H__
3
4 #ifdef WIN32 5 #include <Windows.h>
6 #endif
7
8 #ifdef linux 9 #include <unistd.h>
10 #include <semaphore.h>
11 #include <stdio.h>
12 #include <fcntl.h>
13 #include <signal.h>
14 #include <string.h>
15 #include <memory.h>
16 #endif
17
18 class CProcessMutex 19 { 20 public: 21 /* 默认创建匿名的互斥 */
22 CProcessMutex(const char* name = NULL); 23 ~CProcessMutex(); 24
25 bool Lock(); 26 bool UnLock(); 27
28 private: 29
30 #ifdef WIN32 31 void* m_pMutex; 32 #endif
33
34 #ifdef linux 35 sem_t* m_pSem; 36 #endif
37 char m_cMutexName[30]; 38 }; 39
40 #endif
ProcessMutex.cpp文件:
1 #include "ProcessMutex.h"
2
3 #ifdef WIN32 4
5 CProcessMutex::CProcessMutex(const char* name) 6 { 7 memset(m_cMutexName, 0 ,sizeof(m_cMutexName)); 8 int min = strlen(name)>(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1)?(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1):strlen(name); 9 strncpy(m_cMutexName, name, min); 10 m_pMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, false, m_cMutexName); 11 } 12
13 CProcessMutex::~CProcessMutex() 14 { 15 CloseHandle(m_pMutex); 16 } 17
18 bool CProcessMutex::Lock() 19 { 20 //互斥锁创建失败
21 if (NULL == m_pMutex) 22 { 23 return false; 24 } 25
26 DWORD nRet = WaitForSingleObject(m_pMutex, INFINITE); 27 if (nRet != WAIT_OBJECT_0) 28 { 29 return false; 30 } 31
32 return true; 33 } 34
35 bool CProcessMutex::UnLock() 36 { 37 return ReleaseMutex(m_pMutex); 38 } 39
40 #endif
41
42 #ifdef linux 43
44 CProcessMutex::CProcessMutex(const char* name) 45 { 46 memset(m_cMutexName, 0 ,sizeof(m_cMutexName)); 47 int min = strlen(name)>(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1)?(sizeof(m_cMutexName)-1):strlen(name); 48 strncpy(m_cMutexName, name, min); 49 m_pSem = sem_open(name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644, 1); 50 } 51
52 CProcessMutex::~CProcessMutex() 53 { 54 int ret = sem_close(m_pSem); 55 if (0 != ret) 56 { 57 printf("sem_close error %d\n", ret); 58 } 59 sem_unlink(m_cMutexName); 60 } 61
62 bool CProcessMutex::Lock() 63 { 64 int ret = sem_wait(m_pSem); 65 if (ret != 0) 66 { 67 return false; 68 } 69 return true; 70 } 71
72 bool CProcessMutex::UnLock() 73 { 74 int ret = sem_post(m_pSem); 75 if (ret != 0) 76 { 77 return false; 78 } 79 return true; 80 } 81
82 #endif