Jetpack架构组件Lifecycles

基本使用

通常情况下Jetpack组件都是混合一起使用的,这里我们为了讲解,可能会单独使用。

Lifecycles是AAC中最基本的组件之一,主要是用来管理Activity与Fragment生命周期状态的信息,并允许其他对象观察此状态。后续的LiveData和ViewModel,都是基于它实现的。

以前我们使用MVP中的presenter,通过接口的方式感知生命周期,这种方式low了,所以了官网就封装了Lifecycles组件给开发者使用,即屏蔽了细节,又降低了使用难度。

先看一下Lifecycles简单的使用:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_lifecycles);
    getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyObserver());
}

创建观察者

public class MyObserver implements LifecycleObserver {

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
    public void create(){
        Logger.i("ON_CREATE");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME)
    public void resume(){
        Logger.i("ON_RESUME");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
    public void start(){
        Logger.i("ON_START");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP)
    public void stop() {
        Logger.i("ON_STOP");
    }
}

启动Android之后就可以看见日志的输出了:

30594-30594/cn.iwcode.androidjetpack I/Jetpack: ON_CREATE
30594-30594/cn.iwcode.androidjetpack I/Jetpack: ON_START
30594-30594/cn.iwcode.androidjetpack I/Jetpack: ON_RESUME

那么问题就来了,lifecycle是如何感知Activity的生命周期的,又是如何调用注解修饰的方法的?

原理解析

生命周期的回调

我们先从源码上来分析:首先来看添加观察者的这一行代码,让我们点进去看一下getLifecycle

getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyObserver());
public class ComponentActivity extends androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity implements ...


    private final LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);

...

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mSavedStateRegistryController.performRestore(savedInstanceState);
        ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
        if (mContentLayoutId != 0) {
            setContentView(mContentLayoutId);
        }
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
        return mLifecycleRegistry;
    }
...
}

这个getLifecycle()是在ComponentActivity类中,addObserver是添加观察者的,但是我们并没有看见有关于生命周期的回调呀!怪事呀,那生命周期是在哪里回调了?

这时我在观察者中打印了一下堆栈信息,发现了一个ReportFragment。

public class ReportFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = "androidx.lifecycle"
            + ".LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag";

    public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
        // ProcessLifecycleOwner should always correctly work and some activities may not extend
        // FragmentActivity from support lib, so we use framework fragments for activities
        android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
        if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
            manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
            // Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction.
            manager.executePendingTransactions();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        dispatchResume(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
        // just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity
        mProcessListener = null;
    }

看到这里就明白了,原来是Lifecycle利用了Fragment来实现监听生命周期的,然后使用dispatch分发事件,最终会调用LifecycleRegistry的handleLifecycleEvent的。LifecycleRegistry 是 Lifecycle 的实现,并负责管理 Observer。

Lifecycle 中定义了 Event 和 State

Event:从框架和Lifecycle类派发的生命周期事件。

State:由Lifecycle对象跟踪的组件的当前状态。

public enum Event {

    ON_CREATE,

    ON_START,

    ON_RESUME,

    ON_PAUSE,

    ON_STOP,

    ON_DESTROY,

    ON_ANY
}

@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
public enum State {

    DESTROYED,

    INITIALIZED,

    CREATED,

    STARTED,

    RESUMED;

    public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state) {
        return compareTo(state) >= 0;
    }
}

Event和State对应关系 图片来自官方

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-t1NYNudr-1571974210773)(https://developer.android.google.cn/images/topic/libraries/architecture/lifecycle-states.svg)]


注解方法被调用

我们接下来看一下注解的方法是如何被调用的,从上面的分析我们了解到生命周期的分发调用了LifecycleRegistry的handleLifecycleEvent方法,这里我们就继续看这个方法:

public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
    
    // 根据event获取State状态
    State next = getStateAfter(event);
    
    moveToState(next);
}

private void moveToState(State next) {
    if (mState == next) {
        return;
    }
    mState = next;
    if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) {
        mNewEventOccurred = true;
        // we will figure out what to do on upper level.
        return;
    }
    mHandlingEvent = true;
    sync();
    mHandlingEvent = false;
}

getStateAfter(event) 根据当前的Event获取对应的State,接着调用了sync()

private void sync() {
    LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
    if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("LifecycleOwner of this LifecycleRegistry is already"
                + "garbage collected. It is too late to change lifecycle state.");
    }
    while (!isSynced()) {
        mNewEventOccurred = false;
        // no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.
        if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
            backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
        }
        Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();
        if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
                && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
            forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
        }
    }
    mNewEventOccurred = false;
}

sync中对比了当前的mState以及上一个State,是前进还是后退,比如:

onResume -> onPause (forwardPass),onPause -> onResume (backwardPass)

这里我们来看backwardPass方法,获取到观察者,然后调用observer.dispatchEvent函数。

这里就不跟了,有兴趣的可以继续往下看。


在Observer用注解修饰的方法,会被通过反射的方式获取,并保存下来,然后在生命周期发生改变的时候再找到对应 Event 的方法,通过反射来调用方法。

private void backwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
    Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> descendingIterator =
            mObserverMap.descendingIterator();
    while (descendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
        Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = descendingIterator.next();
        ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
        while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) > 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
            Event event = downEvent(observer.mState);
            pushParentState(getStateAfter(event));
            observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event);
            popParentState();
        }
    }
}

总结一下:

Lifecycle 是一个专门用来处理生命周期的库,它能够帮助我们将 Acitivity、Framgent 的生命周期处理与业务逻辑处理进行完全解耦,让我们能够更加专注于业务;通过解耦让 Activity、Fragment 的代码更加可读可维护。

同时 Lifecycle 作为 AAC 的基石,为 LiveData、ViewModel 的登场打下坚实的基础。

你可能感兴趣的:(Android,Jetpack,Lifecycle,androidx,AAC)