ORACLE 12C ADG 之十八(ADG环境 DGMGRL管理)

#ADG环境 DGMGRL管理

1.登录

[oracle@XAG126 ~]$ dgmgrl sys/123456

[oracle@XAG126 ~]$ dgmgrl sys/123456@sl

[oracle@XAG126 ~]$ dgmgrl

DGMGRL> connect sys/123456

DGMGRL> connect sys/123456@sl

#停快速故障轉移功能

DGMGRL>stop observer

DGMGRL>disable fast_start failover;

#啟動快速故障轉移功能

DGMGRL>enable fast_start failover;

DGMGRL>start observer

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2.查看命令帮助

DGMGRL> help

The following commands are available:

@              Execute DGMGRL script file

!              Host operating system command

/              Repeat the last command

--            Comment to be ignored by DGMGRL

add            Adds a member to the broker configuration

connect        Connects to an Oracle database instance

convert        Converts a database from one type to another

create        Creates a broker configuration

disable        Disables a configuration, a member, or fast-start failover

edit          Edits a configuration or a member

enable        Enables a configuration, a member, or fast-start failover

exit          Exits the program

failover      Changes a standby database to be the primary database

help          Displays description and syntax for a command

host          Host operating system command

migrate        Migrate a pluggable database from one configuration to another.

quit          Exits the program

reinstate      Changes a database marked for reinstatement into a viable standby

rem            Comment to be ignored by DGMGRL

remove        Removes a configuration or a member

set            Set a property to a specified value

show          Displays information about a configuration or a member

shutdown      Shuts down a currently running Oracle database instance

spool          store input and output of DGMGRL CLI in a file

sql            Executes a SQL statement

start          Starts the fast-start failover observer

startup        Starts an Oracle database instance

stop          Stops the fast-start failover observer

switchover    Switches roles between a primary and standby database

validate      Performs an exhaustive set of validations for a database

Use "help " to see syntax for individual commands

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3.检查配置

DGMGRL> show configuration

Configuration - ADGbroker

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability

  Members:

  DG125 - Primary database

    DG126 - (*) Physical standby database

Fast-Start Failover: ENABLED

Configuration Status:

SUCCESS  (status updated 36 seconds ago)

DGMGRL> show configuration verbose

Configuration - ADGbroker

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability

  Members:

  DG125 - Primary database

    DG126 - (*) Physical standby database

  (*) Fast-Start Failover target

  Properties:

    FastStartFailoverThreshold      = '60'

    OperationTimeout                = '30'

    TraceLevel                      = 'USER'

    FastStartFailoverLagLimit      = '30'

    CommunicationTimeout            = '180'

    ObserverReconnect              = '0'

    FastStartFailoverAutoReinstate  = 'TRUE'

    FastStartFailoverPmyShutdown    = 'TRUE'

    BystandersFollowRoleChange      = 'ALL'

    ObserverOverride                = 'FALSE'

    ExternalDestination1            = ''

    ExternalDestination2            = ''

    PrimaryLostWriteAction          = 'CONTINUE'

    ConfigurationWideServiceName    = 'ORACLE12_CFG'

Fast-Start Failover: ENABLED

  Threshold:          60 seconds

  Target:            DG126

  Observer:          XAG126.COM

  Lag Limit:          30 seconds (not in use)

  Shutdown Primary:  TRUE

  Auto-reinstate:    TRUE

  Observer Reconnect: (none)

  Observer Override:  FALSE

Configuration Status:

SUCCESS

---

4.查看数据库或者实例 

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125'

Database - DG125

  Role:              PRIMARY

  Intended State:    TRANSPORT-ON

  Instance(s):

    ORACLE12CDG

Database Status:

SUCCESS

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126'             

Database - DG126

  Role:              PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:    APPLY-ON

  Transport Lag:      0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)

  Apply Lag:          0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)

  Average Apply Rate: 22.00 KByte/s

  Real Time Query:    ON

  Instance(s):

    ORACLE12CDG

Database Status:

SUCCESS

DGMGRL> show database verbose 'DG125'

edit database 'DG125' set property 'LogArchiveFormat' = '%t_%s_%r.dbf';

edit database 'DG126' set property 'LogArchiveFormat' = '%t_%s_%r.dbf';

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5.DGMGRL 日志

日志drcdb_unique_name.log里面看到，日志文件存放位置和alert.log一样

[oracle@XAG126 trace]$ pwd

            /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/dg126/ORACLE12CDG/trace

[oracle@XAG126 trace]$ ls drc*

            drcORACLE12CDG.log

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6.数据库监控状态查看

broker会自动的收集同一个配置之下的所有数据库的健康状态，管理员只需要通过简单的show命令就可以查看数据库的状态了。命令格式如下

show database db_unique_name statue_name可用的状态命令列表如下：

StatusReport  显示所有broker检查到的问题

LogXptStatus  显示日志传送的状态

InconsistentProperties  显示不一致的数据库属性

InconsistentLogXptProps  显示不一致的日志传送设定

举例：

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' statusreport

STATUS REPORT

      INSTANCE_NAME  SEVERITY ERROR_TEXT

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126' StatusReport

STATUS REPORT

      INSTANCE_NAME  SEVERITY ERROR_TEXT

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' InconsistentProperties

INCONSISTENT PROPERTIES

  INSTANCE_NAME        PROPERTY_NAME        MEMORY_VALUE        SPFILE_VALUE        BROKER_VALUE

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' InconsistentLogXptProps

INCONSISTENT LOG TRANSPORT PROPERTIES

  INSTANCE_NAME        STANDBY_NAME        PROPERTY_NAME        MEMORY_VALUE        BROKER_VALUE

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' LogXptStatus 

LOG TRANSPORT STATUS

PRIMARY_INSTANCE_NAME STANDBY_DATABASE_NAME              STATUS

        ORACLE12CDG                DG126   

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126' LogXptStatus

LOG TRANSPORT STATUS

PRIMARY_INSTANCE_NAME STANDBY_DATABASE_NAME              STATUS

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7.配置保护模式与日志传递方式

LogXptMode这个属性设置的是LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n中传送模式那部分

SYNC：相当于LGWR, SYNC, AFFIRM

ASYNC：相当于LGWR, ASYNC, NOAFFIRM

ARCH：相当于ARCH

#切换到最大性能模式

DGMGRL>stop observer

DGMGRL>disable fast_start failover;

DGMGRL> edit configuration set protection mode as MaxPerformance;

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG125' set property LogXptMode ='ASYNC';

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG126' set property LogXptMode ='ASYNC';

DGMGRL>enable fast_start failover;

DGMGRL>start observer

#切换到最大可用模式

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG125' set property LogXptMode ='SYNC';

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG126' set property LogXptMode ='SYNC';

DGMGRL> edit configuration set protection mode as MaxAvailability;

　b.使用Maximum performance的时候，参数（备库）LogXptMode设置为async/sync

　c.使用Maximum protection、Maximum availability的时候，参数（备库）LogXptMode要设置为sync。

不同的保护模式对broker操作的影响

1). 当升级保护模式的时候，broker会自动的重启primary数据库。降低保护模式级别的时候是不需要重启数据库的。(11g、12c更改保护模式都不用重启数据库更改保护模式都不用重启数据库)

2). switchover操作不会改变当前的保护模式。

3). 做手工的failover之后，如果原来保护模式是MaxProtection的话会被自动降级为MaxPerformance；如果是其他模式的话则保持不变。

4). fast-start failover所作的自动的failover操作不会改变数据库的保护模式。

5). 做disable操作或remove database之前，broker会检查disable之后是否还能保证满足当前的保护模式，如果不能的话disable/remove会失败。

6). fast-start failover启用的是很不能做disable configuration操作。

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8.暂停和启动dg应用 

有如下TRANSPORT-ON、TRANSPORT-OFF、APPLY-ON、APPLY-OFF四种。分别表示传输日志开关、应用日志开关。

#暂停备库日志应用： 

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126'

  Role:              PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:    APPLY-ON

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG126' set state="APPLY-OFF";

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126';

  Role:              PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:    APPLY-OFF

------------------------------

#启动备库日志应用： 

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG126' set state="APPLY-ON";

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126'

  Role:              PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:    APPLY-ON

#设置备库数据库只读。 

------------------------------

#停止主库到从库的日志传送 （最大性能模式下支持）

DGMGRL> edit configuration set protection mode as MaxPerformance;

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG125' set state='TRANSPORT-OFF';

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125';

  Role:              PRIMARY

  Intended State:    TRANSPORT-OFF

#启动主库到从库的日志传送 （最大性能模式下支持）

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG125' set state='TRANSPORT-ON';

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125';

  Role:              PRIMARY

  Intended State:    TRANSPORT-ON

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9.备库状态管理

DGMGRL> show configuration

Configuration - ADGbroker

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability

  Members:

  DG125 - Primary database

    DG126 - Physical standby database

Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED

Configuration Status:

SUCCESS  (status updated 1 second ago)

#备库shutdown 

[oracle@XAG126 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> shutdown immediate;

--发现备库状态为disabled

DGMGRL> show configuration

Configuration - ADGbroker

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability

  Members:

  DG125 - Primary database

    Warning: ORA-16629: database reports a different protection level from the protection mode

    DG126 - Physical standby database (disabled)

Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED

Configuration Status:

WARNING  (status updated 6 seconds ago)

---------------------------------------------------

--发现状备库态为OFFLINE和SHUTDOWN

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126'

Database - DG126

  Role:              PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:    OFFLINE

  Transport Lag:      (unknown)

  Apply Lag:          (unknown)

  Average Apply Rate: (unknown)

  Real Time Query:    OFF

  Instance(s):

    ORACLE12CDG

Database Status:

SHUTDOWN

---------------------------------------------------

--启动备库到mount状态

SQL> startup mount;

--发现备库已经正常

DGMGRL> show configuration

Configuration - ADGbroker

  Protection Mode: MaxAvailability

  Members:

  DG125 - Primary database

    DG126 - Physical standby database

Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED

Configuration Status:

SUCCESS  (status updated 11 seconds ago)

--这时可以发现备库已经自动应用redo日志，不需要在sqlplus中输入alter database recover managed standby database ...类似的语句,但Real Time Query:    OFF

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126'

Database - DG126

  Role:              PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:    APPLY-ON

  Transport Lag:      0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)

  Apply Lag:          0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)

  Average Apply Rate: 6.00 KByte/s

  Real Time Query:    OFF

  Instance(s):

    ORACLE12CDG

Database Status:

SUCCESS

--通过如下语句也可以查看redo日志正在传输中

SQL> select process, status, thread#, sequence#, block#, blocks from v$managed_standby;

--Oracle11g新特性read-time apply

在Oracle11g之前的版本。物理备库处于日志应用状态时，是无法从备库读取数据的。如果想开库，需停止日志应用，备库可以开到read only状态。如果物理备库从read only状态回到日志应用状态，要先关掉物理备库，再将库启到mount状态，最后重新应用日志。

这样要从备库读数据，日志应用就必须停掉。无法实现边应用日志、边读取数据。11g 可以使用active standby，实现日志应用和查询同时进行。即Real-Time Apply + Real-Time Query.

--直接打开备库，成功

SQL> alter database open;

--此时发现 Real Time Query:    ON

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126'

Database - DG126

  Role:              PHYSICAL STANDBY

  Intended State:    APPLY-ON

  Transport Lag:      0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)

  Apply Lag:          0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)

  Average Apply Rate: 1.00 KByte/s

  Real Time Query:    ON

  Instance(s):

    ORACLE12CDG

Database Status:

SUCCESS

--mount阶段直接open后，可以发现redo日志一样在传输

SQL> select process, status, thread#, sequence#, block#, blocks from v$managed_standby;

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  10.配置及启用Fast-Start Failover

1.配置每个数据库Failover的目标，这一步是决定当数据库出问题之后会自动failover到那个standby。

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' FastStartFailoverTarget

  FastStartFailoverTarget = 'DG126'

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126' FastStartFailoverTarget

  FastStartFailoverTarget = 'DG125'

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG125' set property FastStartFailoverTarget='DG126';

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' FastStartFailoverTarget

  FastStartFailoverTarget = 'DG126'

--设定FastStartFailoverThreshold值，这个设置是决定了primary坏了多长时间之后会执行自动的failover操作，这里我们设置的是30s。

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' nettimeout

  NetTimeout = '30'

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126' nettimeout

  NetTimeout = '30'

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG125' set property 'NetTimeout'=30;

Property "NetTimeout" updated

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' nettimeout

  NetTimeout = '30'

--启用Fast-Start Failover。

DGMGRL> enable fast_start failover

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#修改 log_archive_dest_1 到 USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST 上

#DG125

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;

log_archive_dest_1 location=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DG/DG/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=DG125

#修改

SQL>alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=DG125' scope=both;

DGMGRL> show database 'DG125' StandbyArchiveLocation

    StandbyArchiveLocation = '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DG/DG/archivelog'

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG125' set property StandbyArchiveLocation='USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';

#DG126

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;

log_archive_dest_1   location=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DG/DG/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=DG126

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=DG126' scope=both;

DGMGRL> show database 'DG126' StandbyArchiveLocation

    StandbyArchiveLocation = '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DG/DG/archivelog'

DGMGRL> edit database 'DG126' set property StandbyArchiveLocation='USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';