【转】Mac 安装 homebrew（一行代码搞定，不报错）

一、问题

方法一：当我们尝试用命令：

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

安装homebrew时，就出现各种报错：

curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443 after 19 ms: Connection refused

方法二：下载homebrew_install.rb文件

下载文件内容：

#!/usr/bin/ruby
# This script installs to /usr/local only. To install elsewhere (which is
# unsupported) you can untar https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/tarball/master
# anywhere you like.
HOMEBREW_PREFIX = "/usr/local".freeze
HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY = "/usr/local/Homebrew".freeze
HOMEBREW_CACHE = "#{ENV["HOME"]}/Library/Caches/Homebrew".freeze
#BREW_REPO = "https://github.com/Homebrew/brew".freeze
BREW_REPO = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git".freeze
 
 
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED = "10.15".freeze
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED = "10.13".freeze
 
# no analytics during installation
ENV["HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_THIS_RUN"] = "1"
ENV["HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_MESSAGE_OUTPUT"] = "1"
 
# get nicer global variables
require "English"
 
module Tty
  module_function
 
  def blue
    bold 34
  end
 
  def red
    bold 31
  end
 
  def reset
    escape 0
  end
 
  def bold(code = 39)
    escape "1;#{code}"
  end
 
  def underline
    escape "4;39"
  end
 
  def escape(code)
    "\033[#{code}m" if STDOUT.tty?
  end
end
 
class Array
  def shell_s
    cp = dup
    first = cp.shift
    cp.map { |arg| arg.gsub " ", "\\ " }.unshift(first).join(" ")
  end
end
 
def ohai(*args)
  puts "#{Tty.blue}==>#{Tty.bold} #{args.shell_s}#{Tty.reset}"
end
 
def warn(warning)
  puts "#{Tty.red}Warning#{Tty.reset}: #{warning.chomp}"
end
 
def system(*args)
  abort "Failed during: #{args.shell_s}" unless Kernel.system(*args)
end
 
def sudo(*args)
  args.unshift("-A") unless ENV["SUDO_ASKPASS"].nil?
  ohai "/usr/bin/sudo", *args
  system "/usr/bin/sudo", *args
end
 
def getc
  system "/bin/stty raw -echo"
  if STDIN.respond_to?(:getbyte)
    STDIN.getbyte
  else
    STDIN.getc
  end
ensure
  system "/bin/stty -raw echo"
end
 
def wait_for_user
  puts
  puts "Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort"
  c = getc
  # we test for \r and \n because some stuff does \r instead
  abort unless (c == 13) || (c == 10)
end
 
class Version
  include Comparable
  attr_reader :parts
 
  def initialize(str)
    @parts = str.split(".").map(&:to_i)
  end
 
  def <=>(other)
    parts <=> self.class.new(other).parts
  end
 
  def to_s
    parts.join(".")
  end
end
 
def macos_version
  @macos_version ||= Version.new(`/usr/bin/sw_vers -productVersion`.chomp[/10\.\d+/])
end
 
def should_install_command_line_tools?
  if macos_version > "10.13"
    !File.exist?("/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git")
  else
    !File.exist?("/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git") ||
      !File.exist?("/usr/include/iconv.h")
  end
end
 
def user_only_chmod?(path)
  return false unless File.directory?(path)
 
  mode = File.stat(path).mode & 0777
  # u = (mode >> 6) & 07
  # g = (mode >> 3) & 07
  # o = (mode >> 0) & 07
  mode != 0755
end
 
def chmod?(path)
  File.exist?(path) && !(File.readable?(path) && File.writable?(path) && File.executable?(path))
end
 
def chown?(path)
  !File.owned?(path)
end
 
def chgrp?(path)
  !File.grpowned?(path)
end
 
# USER isn't always set so provide a fall back for the installer and subprocesses.
ENV["USER"] ||= `id -un`.chomp
 
# Invalidate sudo timestamp before exiting (if it wasn't active before).
Kernel.system "/usr/bin/sudo -n -v 2>/dev/null"
at_exit { Kernel.system "/usr/bin/sudo", "-k" } unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
 
# The block form of Dir.chdir fails later if Dir.CWD doesn't exist which I
# guess is fair enough. Also sudo prints a warning message for no good reason
Dir.chdir "/usr"
 
####################################################################### script
if RUBY_PLATFORM.to_s.downcase.include?("linux")
  abort <<-EOABORT
  To install Linuxbrew, paste at a terminal prompt:
    sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Linuxbrew/install/master/install.sh)"
  EOABORT
elsif macos_version < "10.7"
  abort <<-EOABORT
Your Mac OS X version is too old. See:
  #{Tty.underline}https://github.com/mistydemeo/tigerbrew#{Tty.reset}"
  EOABORT
elsif macos_version < "10.9"
  abort "Your OS X version is too old"
elsif Process.uid.zero?
  abort "Don't run this as root!"
elsif !`dsmemberutil checkmembership -U "#{ENV["USER"]}" -G admin`.include?("user is a member")
  abort "This script requires the user #{ENV["USER"]} to be an Administrator."
elsif File.directory?(HOMEBREW_PREFIX) && (!File.executable? HOMEBREW_PREFIX)
  abort <<-EOABORT
The Homebrew prefix, #{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}, exists but is not searchable. If this is
not intentional, please restore the default permissions and try running the
installer again:
    sudo chmod 775 #{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}
  EOABORT
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
elsif macos_version > MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED || macos_version < MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED
  who = "We"
  if macos_version > MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED
    what = "pre-release version"
  elsif macos_version < MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED
    who << " (and Apple)"
    what = "old version"
  else
    return
  end
  ohai "You are using macOS #{macos_version.parts.join(".")}."
  ohai "#{who} do not provide support for this #{what}."
 
  puts <<-EOS
This installation may not succeed.
After installation, you will encounter build failures with some formulae.
Please create pull requests instead of asking for help on Homebrew's GitHub,
Discourse, Twitter or IRC. You are responsible for resolving any issues you
experience while you are running this #{what}.
  EOS
end
 
ohai "This script will install:"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/doc/homebrew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/man/man1/brew.1"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/etc/bash_completion.d/brew"
puts HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY.to_s
 
# Keep relatively in sync with
# https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/blob/master/Library/Homebrew/keg.rb
group_chmods = %w[bin etc include lib sbin share opt var
                  Frameworks
                  etc/bash_completion.d lib/pkgconfig
                  share/aclocal share/doc share/info share/locale share/man
                  share/man/man1 share/man/man2 share/man/man3 share/man/man4
                  share/man/man5 share/man/man6 share/man/man7 share/man/man8
                  var/log var/homebrew var/homebrew/linked
                  bin/brew]
               .map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }
               .select { |d| chmod?(d) }
# zsh refuses to read from these directories if group writable
zsh_dirs = %w[share/zsh share/zsh/site-functions]
           .map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }
mkdirs = %w[bin etc include lib sbin share var opt
            share/zsh share/zsh/site-functions
            var/homebrew var/homebrew/linked
            Cellar Caskroom Homebrew Frameworks]
         .map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }
         .reject { |d| File.directory?(d) }
 
user_chmods = zsh_dirs.select { |d| user_only_chmod?(d) }
chmods = group_chmods + user_chmods
chowns = chmods.select { |d| chown?(d) }
chgrps = chmods.select { |d| chgrp?(d) }
 
unless group_chmods.empty?
  ohai "The following existing directories will be made group writable:"
  puts(*group_chmods)
end
unless user_chmods.empty?
  ohai "The following existing directories will be made writable by user only:"
  puts(*user_chmods)
end
unless chowns.empty?
  ohai "The following existing directories will have their owner set to #{Tty.underline}#{ENV["USER"]}#{Tty.reset}:"
  puts(*chowns)
end
unless chgrps.empty?
  ohai "The following existing directories will have their group set to #{Tty.underline}admin#{Tty.reset}:"
  puts(*chgrps)
end
unless mkdirs.empty?
  ohai "The following new directories will be created:"
  puts(*mkdirs)
end
if should_install_command_line_tools?
  ohai "The Xcode Command Line Tools will be installed."
end
 
wait_for_user if STDIN.tty? && !ENV["CI"]
 
if File.directory? HOMEBREW_PREFIX
  sudo "/bin/chmod", "u+rwx", *chmods unless chmods.empty?
  sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", *group_chmods unless group_chmods.empty?
  sudo "/bin/chmod", "755", *user_chmods unless user_chmods.empty?
  sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], *chowns unless chowns.empty?
  sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", *chgrps unless chgrps.empty?
else
  sudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", HOMEBREW_PREFIX
  sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", "root:wheel", HOMEBREW_PREFIX
end
 
unless mkdirs.empty?
  sudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", *mkdirs
  sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", *mkdirs
  sudo "/bin/chmod", "755", *zsh_dirs
  sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], *mkdirs
  sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", *mkdirs
end
 
sudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", HOMEBREW_CACHE unless File.directory? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", HOMEBREW_CACHE if chmod? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], HOMEBREW_CACHE if chown? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", HOMEBREW_CACHE if chgrp? HOMEBREW_CACHE
system "/usr/bin/touch", "#{HOMEBREW_CACHE}/.cleaned" if File.directory? HOMEBREW_CACHE
 
if should_install_command_line_tools? && macos_version >= "10.13"
  ohai "Searching online for the Command Line Tools"
  # This temporary file prompts the 'softwareupdate' utility to list the Command Line Tools
  clt_placeholder = "/tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress"
  sudo "/usr/bin/touch", clt_placeholder
 
  clt_label_command = "/usr/sbin/softwareupdate -l | " \
                      "grep -B 1 -E 'Command Line Tools' | " \
                      "awk -F'*' '/^ *\\*/ {print $2}' | " \
                      "sed -e 's/^ *Label: //' -e 's/^ *//' | " \
                      "sort -V | " \
                      "tail -n1"
  clt_label = `#{clt_label_command}`.chomp
 
  unless clt_label.empty?
    ohai "Installing #{clt_label}"
    sudo "/usr/sbin/softwareupdate", "-i", clt_label
    sudo "/bin/rm", "-f", clt_placeholder
    sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--switch", "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"
  end
end
 
# Headless install may have failed, so fallback to original 'xcode-select' method
if should_install_command_line_tools? && STDIN.tty?
  ohai "Installing the Command Line Tools (expect a GUI popup):"
  sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--install"
  puts "Press any key when the installation has completed."
  getc
  sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--switch", "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"
end
 
abort <<-EOABORT if `/usr/bin/xcrun clang 2>&1` =~ /license/ && !$CHILD_STATUS.success?
You have not agreed to the Xcode license.
Before running the installer again please agree to the license by opening
Xcode.app or running:
    sudo xcodebuild -license
EOABORT
 
ohai "Downloading and installing Homebrew..."
Dir.chdir HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY do
  # we do it in four steps to avoid merge errors when reinstalling
  system "git", "init", "-q"
 
  # "git remote add" will fail if the remote is defined in the global config
  system "git", "config", "remote.origin.url", BREW_REPO
  system "git", "config", "remote.origin.fetch", "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
 
  # ensure we don't munge line endings on checkout
  system "git", "config", "core.autocrlf", "false"
 
  system "git", "fetch", "origin", "master:refs/remotes/origin/master",
         "--tags", "--force"
 
  system "git", "reset", "--hard", "origin/master"
 
  system "ln", "-sf", "#{HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY}/bin/brew", "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"
 
  system "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew", "update", "--force"
end
 
warn "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin is not in your PATH." unless ENV["PATH"].split(":").include? "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin"
 
ohai "Installation successful!"
puts
 
# Use the shell's audible bell.
print "\a"
 
# Use an extra newline and bold to avoid this being missed.
ohai "Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics."
puts <<-EOS
#{Tty.bold}Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
  #{Tty.underline}https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics#{Tty.reset}
 
EOS
 
ohai "Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:"
puts <<-EOS
  #{Tty.underline}https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations#{Tty.reset}
EOS
 
Dir.chdir HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY do
  system "git", "config", "--local", "--replace-all", "homebrew.analyticsmessage", "true"
  system "git", "config", "--local", "--replace-all", "homebrew.caskanalyticsmessage", "true"
end
 
ohai "Next steps:"
puts "- Run `brew help` to get started"
puts "- Further documentation: "
puts "    #{Tty.underline}https://docs.brew.sh#{Tty.reset}"

进入文件homebrew_install.rb所在目录，执行

ruby  brew_install.rb

同样报错：

brew_install.rb:100:in `initialize': undefined method `split' for nil:NilCla

二、解决

看到一个大佬放上一条命令，直接解决了这一系列问题，可以下载。很感谢这位大佬，不多说直接上命令：

自动脚本(全部国内地址)（在Mac os终端中复制粘贴回车下面这句话)，下面是下载时的效果：

这行命令就是这位大佬发布的：金牛肖马