【环境配置】ubuntu 18.04 安装python 虚拟环境

• 系统环境：Ubuntu 18.04
• 源：阿里云
• python版本：3.6.7

1. 修改镜像源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak #备份
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list #修改源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

2.更新软件列表并更新软件

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

3. 安装 pip3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

4、安装 virtualenv

sudo -H pip3 install virtualenv # python虚拟环境
sudo -H pip3 install virtualenvwrapper # 封装了虚拟环境,支持一些简化命令

5. 设置环境变量

vim ~/.bashrc
# 在末尾添上(去掉注释)
# export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
# ubuntu版本不同可能导致virtualenvwrapper.sh文件所在位置不同
# source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh  或者是  ~/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
sudo vim /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh 
找到VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON="$(command \which python)"
修改为VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON="$(command \which python3)"
source ~/.bashrc

6. 创建 python3 虚拟环境

# 创建虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv test #test为虚拟环境名称'
# 查看虚拟环境,并切入到某一个虚拟环境ls
workon
workon test #虚拟环境名称
# 退出虚拟环境
deactivate
#删除环境
rmvirtualenv venv