Linux 搭建Laravel环境

PHP、Mysql和Nginx的安装请参照：
CentOS7快速搭建LNMP环境

安装Composer

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Laravel是使用composer来做包依赖管理的，Laravel的安装也同样需要composer。所以我们搭建好了PHP、Mysql、Nginx（Apache）之后，还需要安装composer。
这里我只做composer的安装介绍。
Composer网址

• composer下载

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

• composer移动到系统$PATH可以搜索到的路径下，这样以后可以直接在命令行使用composer命令

mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

• 修改composer的执行权限

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/composer

• 查看是否已经安装成功

composer -v

看到看到终端会输出以下信息，说明已经安装成功了。

[root@lmc ~]# composer -v
   ______
  / ____/___  ____ ___  ____  ____  ________  _____
 / /   / __ \/ __ `__ \/ __ \/ __ \/ ___/ _ \/ ___/
/ /___/ /_/ / / / / / / /_/ / /_/ (__  )  __/ /
\____/\____/_/ /_/ /_/ .___/\____/____/\___/_/
                    /_/
Composer version 1.4.2 2017-05-17 08:17:52

Usage:
  command [options] [arguments]

Options:
  -h, --help                     Display this help message
  -q, --quiet                    Do not output any message
  -V, --version                  Display this application version
      --ansi                     Force ANSI output
      --no-ansi                  Disable ANSI output
  -n, --no-interaction           Do not ask any interactive question
      --profile                  Display timing and memory usage information
      --no-plugins               Whether to disable plugins.
  -d, --working-dir=WORKING-DIR  If specified, use the given directory as working directory.
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose           Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

Available commands:
  about           Short information about Composer.
  archive         Create an archive of this composer package.
  browse          Opens the package's repository URL or homepage in your browser.
  clear-cache     Clears composer's internal package cache.
  clearcache      Clears composer's internal package cache.
  config          Set config options.
  create-project  Create new project from a package into given directory.
  depends         Shows which packages cause the given package to be installed.
  diagnose        Diagnoses the system to identify common errors.
  dump-autoload   Dumps the autoloader.
  dumpautoload    Dumps the autoloader.
  exec            Execute a vendored binary/script.
  global          Allows running commands in the global composer dir ($COMPOSER_HOME).
  help            Displays help for a command
  home            Opens the package's repository URL or homepage in your browser.
  info            Show information about packages.
  init            Creates a basic composer.json file in current directory.
  install         Installs the project dependencies from the composer.lock file if present, or falls back on the composer.json.
  licenses        Show information about licenses of dependencies.
  list            Lists commands
  outdated        Shows a list of installed packages that have updates available, including their latest version.
  prohibits       Shows which packages prevent the given package from being installed.
  remove          Removes a package from the require or require-dev.
  require         Adds required packages to your composer.json and installs them.
  run-script      Run the scripts defined in composer.json.
  search          Search for packages.
  self-update     Updates composer.phar to the latest version.
  selfupdate      Updates composer.phar to the latest version.
  show            Show information about packages.
  status          Show a list of locally modified packages.
  suggests        Show package suggestions.
  update          Updates your dependencies to the latest version according to composer.json, and updates the composer.lock file.
  validate        Validates a composer.json and composer.lock.
  why             Shows which packages cause the given package to be installed.
  why-not         Shows which packages prevent the given package from being installed.

安装Laravel

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composer安装之后我们就可以安装Laravel了

• 安装Laravel

composer global require "laravel/installer"

[root@lmc ~]# composer global require "laravel/installer"
Changed current directory to /root/.config/composer
Using version ^1.3 for laravel/installer
./composer.json has been created
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Package operations: 10 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
  - Installing symfony/process (v3.3.0): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing psr/log (1.0.2): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing symfony/debug (v3.3.0): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing symfony/polyfill-mbstring (v1.3.0): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing symfony/console (v3.3.0): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing guzzlehttp/promises (v1.3.1): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing psr/http-message (1.0.1): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing guzzlehttp/psr7 (1.4.2): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing guzzlehttp/guzzle (6.2.3): Downloading (100%)         
  - Installing laravel/installer (v1.3.5): Downloading (100%)         
symfony/console suggests installing symfony/event-dispatcher ()
symfony/console suggests installing symfony/filesystem ()
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files
[root@lmc ~]# laravel -v
-bash: laravel: command not found

安装完成之后我们发现不能直接使用laravel命令
但是我们看到laravel其实已经安装完成了

[root@lmc ~]# ls .config/composer/vendor/bin/ -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Jun  4 07:12 laravel -> ../laravel/installer/laravel

为了使用方便，我们将laravel命令放到系统的$PATH里面

vi ~/.bashrc

在最后加上laravel所在的路径，我的路径是/root/.config/composer/vender/bin/

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
    . /etc/bashrc
fi
export PATH=/root/.config/composer/vendor/bin/:$PATH

为了生效，执行下面命令

source ~/.bashrc

现在我们直接使用命令

laravel -v

看到下面的信息说明我们可以直接使用laravel命令了

Laravel Installer 1.3.5

Usage:
  command [options] [arguments]

Options:
  -h, --help            Display this help message
  -q, --quiet           Do not output any message
  -V, --version         Display this application version
      --ansi            Force ANSI output
      --no-ansi         Disable ANSI output
  -n, --no-interaction  Do not ask any interactive question
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose  Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

Available commands:
  help  Displays help for a command
  list  Lists commands
  new   Create a new Laravel application.